MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO
It helps us recognize fundamental
ARTS
? significant of arts.
• Humanities came from the Latin
word “humanus”. It is the study of
how humans have expressed
themselves
through the arts throughout the
history.
- Dr. Daniel Yagyagan
• Humanities also means human,
cultured (the way there living,
lifestyle) and refined (their
expression changes to generation-
generation)
- Van de Bogart, 1970
• Humanities emphasize the dignity
of man and recognize creative
expression.
- Estolas, 1995
• Humanities are record of Man’s
experiences, his value, his
sentiments, his ideals, and his
goals
e.g., song writer- they able to
express their feeling through
writing a song.
• They are ultimately the expression
of man’s feelings and thoughts
- Zulueta, 1994
?
1.
values and principle such as
beauty, truth, love, and faith.
- We were able to love the
2. It develops our capacity for
critical thinking and appreciation
for cultural heritage.
3. It fosters understanding across
barriers of race, class, gender, or
ethnicity.
4. It introduces us to people we have
never met, places we have never
visited, and ideas that never
crossed our minds.
5. To appraise the value of
creativity.
?
• The word “art” comes from the
ancient Latins ars which means a
“crafts or specialized form of
skill, like carpentry or surgery”
- Collingwood, 1938
• “ars” meaning ability or skill
• Arts may also be defined as the
process and product of skillful
making.
• It is the capacity to produce an
intended result from carefully
planned steps or method.
• It is the result of man’s
manipulation of talents and
materials.

1. Art is Universal – art has always
been timeless and universal,
spanning generations and
continents through and through.
2. Art is not nature – art is a man’s
expression of his reception of
nature. Art is a man’s way of
interpreting nature.
3. Art involves experience – unlike
fields of knowledge that involve
data, art is known by experiencing.
A work of art then cannot be
abstracted from actual doing, to
know what an artwork is. We must
sense it, see, or hear it, and see
AND hear it.
: includes film, newspaper,
1. Major Arts: these include
architecture, painting, sculpture,
music, dance, theater, literature,
and cinema.
2. Minor Arts: these include
decorative arts, popular arts,
graphic arts, plastic arts, and
industrial arts. It just a product
of major arts
MODULE 2
1. Visual Arts – artworks that are
perceived by our eyes, which may
be classified into graphic and
plastic arts.
a. Graphic arts – have two-flat
dimensional surface, such as
painting, drawing, photography,
and other products of printing
industry.
b. Plastic Arts – have three-
dimensional forms. Examples
are architectural design and
construction of buildings and
other structures: landscape of
gardens, furnishing design etc.
2. Performing Arts – these include
the theater, play, dance, and
music. It involves movement,
speaking and gestures.
3. Literary Arts – these include the
short stories, novels, poetry,
drama, and essays.
4. Popular Arts – this group is
characterized as gay and lively. It
magazine, radio, and television.
5. Gustatory Art of the Cuisine –
this involves skill in food
preparation.
6. Decorative Arts – they are visual
objects produces for beautifying
houses, offices, cars, and other
structure.
ARTS APPRECIATION:
CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION
AND EXPRESSION
:
• Art as creative work that depicts
the world in a completely
different light and perspective,
and the source is due to human
freedom (Jean Paul as citied in
Greene, 1995)
• Hence, refining one’s ability to
appreciate art allows him to deeply
understand the purpose of an
artwork and recognize the beauty
it (Collins & Riley, 1931)
: aid to philosophy in revealing
• In art, creativity is what sets
apart one artwork from another.
• An artist embraces originality,
puts his own flavor into his work,
and calls it his own creative piece.
, Judgment
: -
• Imagination is not constrained by
the walls of the norm, but goes
beyond that
• An artwork does not need to be a
real thing, but cam be imaginary
(Collingwood, 1938)
• Artists use their imagination that
gives birth to reality through
creation.
• In the same way that imagination
produces art, art also inspires
imagination.
MODULE 3
:
I. Art an Imitation.
- For Plato, when one ascribes
beauty to another person, he
refers to an imperfect beauty
that participates only in the
form of beauty in the World of
Forms.
II. Art as Representation
- Aristotle considered art as an
truth. It allows for the
experiences of pleasure. Art
also has an ability to be
instructive and teach its
audience things about life;
thus, it is cognitive as well.
III. Arts a Disinterested
Kant considered the judgment
of beauty, the cornerstone of
art, as something that can be
universal despite its
subjectivity. Kant mentioned
that judgment of beauty, and
therefore, art, is innately
autonomous from specific
interests.
 IV. Art as a Communication of 3. Distortion – is a technique
Emotion employed by the artist to
- Art plays a huge role in dramatize the shape of a figure to
communication to its audience’s create an emotional effect.
emotions that the artist
previously experienced (Lito
Tolstoy) :
SUBJECT AND CONTENT 1. Landscapes – observing the
beauty of physical environment
2. Still-life – to illustrate their
beauty when touched by the
➢ It is varied painters.
➢ It may refer to any person, 3. Animals – the vigor and grace
object, scene, or event of animals in motion have
represented in work of art. captured painter’s imagination
and sculptors’ imagination, too.
: 4. Legends and Life of the
Saints – many stories about
1. Representational (objective arts) them have been told w/c have
– arts that have subjects found their way into arts.
2. Non-representational (non- 5. Church Rituals & Religious
objective arts) – those that do Activities- have great
not have subjects. It does not influence on language and
present that do not have speech patterns.
descriptions, stories, or
CONTENT is the meaning of work of art.
references to identifiable objects
The content of a work of art not only
or symbols.
refers its subject matter and its
underlining meaning or themes.

1. Realism – the manner or :

presenting the subject depends to
• To recognize and grasp the
a large extent on the interest,
message of the artwork, the
imagination, creativity, and
viewer may sometimes need to go
purpose of the artist.
beyond what is visible.
2. Abstraction – is a technique of
• There are various levels of
simplifying and reorganizing
meaning – factual, conventional,
objects and elements according to
the artist’s creative expressions.
 and possibility of a variety of
meanings.
ARTISTS AND ARTISANS
: design or work of art. They structure and carry
• ARTISAN – refers to worker in a
skilled trade, especially one that
involves making things by hand
(Oxford Dictionary)
: designing.
• The site that saw the shift from a
craftsman to an independent
artist was a very personal space
for the artist himself which is the
studio.
: value or pattern (placed close
• Medium is the mode of expression
in which the concept, idea, or
message is conveyed.
- Denoted the means by means
by which an artists
communicated his ideas
- Something that translates his
feeling or thoughts into a
beautiful reality.
• The technique of the artwork
shows the level of familiarity with
the medium being manipulated.
- Means, a process, or a methos
of using the medium in a
manner that he wishes to
finish an artwork.
The Elements & Principles of
Arts
Elements of Arts are the components or part
which can be isolated & defined in any visual
the work
Following are the seven basic elements of arts
which are common throughout the field of
1. /
▪ A point or mark is the smallest
and most basic element. It can
vary in size, value, regularity, or
irregularity, and can be used
alone as a unit in a group.
▪ Marks can be used to form a
together forms a darker value,
further apart forms a lighter
value), or to delineate space
(larger means closer, etc.)
2.
▪ A line is a form with width and
length, but no depth.
▪ Artist use lines to create edges,
the outlines of objects. The
direction of a line can convey
mood.
▪ Broadly lines can be
categorized into three types:
- Horizontal: Horizontal lines are
calm and quiet.
- Vertical: Vertical lines suggest more
of a potential for movement.
- Diagonal: Diagonal lines strongly
suggest movements and give more
of a feeling of vitality to a picture.

3.
▪ is defined as an area that
stands out from the space next
to or around it due to a defined
or implied boundary, or
because of differences of value,
color, or texture.
▪ A shape is formed when a line
encloses an area.
▪ Shapes have two dimensions,
length and width and can be
geometric or free form.
4.
▪ describes volumes and mass,
or the 3D aspects of objects
that take up space.
▪ Forms can and should be
viewed from any angles.
▪ For example: When you hold a
baseball, or a small sculpture,
you are aware of their curves,
angles, indentations, & edges
i.e. their forms.
5.
▪ a 3D volume that can be
empty or filled with objects. It
has width, height, and depth.
▪ space that appears three
dimensional in a 2D painting is
an illusion that creates a
feeling of actual depth.
▪ Several techniques can be used
to show such visual depth or
space.
▪ for example, overlapping,
linear perspective, etc...
▪ Detail (aerial or atmospheric
perspective) Linear perspective
(converging lines)
6.
▪ Color has three properties. The
first is hue, which is the name
of the colors. - the primary hue
is Yellow, Red, and Blue. -
secondary colors are made by
mixing two primaries. -
intermediate colors are
mixtures of a primary &
adjacent secondary color.
▪ The second property is Value,
which refers to the lightness or
darkness of hue.
▪ The third property is Intensity,
which refers to the purity of the
hue also known as “Chroma”.
7.
▪ Texture refers to the surface
quality, both simulated and
actual, of artwork.
Elements of Art
I. ( ) - gives meaning, value,
intensity, and saturation to an object.
It has series of wave lengths which
strikes our retina. Example of Color and
its meaning Color Meaning
▪ Black - Death, despair, gloom,
sorrow
▪ Blue - Infinity, Freedom,
Calmness
▪ Brown – Humility
▪ Green - Nature, Freshness,
Prosperity, Hope, Money
▪ Orange - Sweetness,
Cheerfulness,
▪ Pink - Femininity, love,
▪ Red - Bravery, Energy, Passion,
War, Warm
▪ Violet - Royalty, Dull
▪ White - Purity, Clarity,
Simplicity, Virginity, Peace
 ▪ Yellow - Joyful, Life, Vibrant,
Sunshine, Happiness
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
▪ The Principles of Arts are the
artistic guidelines used to
organize or arrange the
structural elements of art
Basic Principles of Arts
Following are the six basic principles of
effective design/art which are common
throughout the field of designing (i.e.
from print design to lithography,
typography, & industrial design).
1.
▪ Balance refers to the appropriate
arrangement of objects in a
design/art to create the
impression of equality in weight
or importance.
▪ Balance provides stability and
structure to a design.
▪ Balance may be symmetrical and
asymmetrical, but the goal should
be to achieve equilibrium.
▪ Symmetrical Balance can be
described as having equal
“weight” on equal sides of a
centrally placed fulcrum. It is
also known as formal balance.
▪ Asymmetrical Balance is more
complex and difficult top picture.
It involves placement of objects
in a way that will allow objects of
varying visual weight to balance
one another around a fulcrum
point. It is also known as informal
balance.
▪ Balance is formal when both sides
are symmetrical in terms of
arrangement.
▪ Balance is informal when sides
are not exactly symmetrical, but
the resulting image is still
balanced.
2.
▪ Contrast refers to the
combination of different
elements of design (for example:
rough & smooth textures, dark &
light values) to highlight their
differences or create visual
interest, or a focal point.
▪ Contrast allows us to emphasize
or highlight key elements in your
design.
3.
▪ The term emphasis literally means
to give importance.
▪ Emphasis in designing refers to
give special attention to one part
of a work of art.
▪ It can be achieved through
placement, contrast, color, size,
repetition, etc. For example: A
dark shape in a light composition
4.
▪ Pattern in a design simply refers
to keeping your design in a
certain format.
▪ It is often described as a regular
arrangement of alternated or
repeated elements (shapes, lines,
colors) or motifs. For example:
One could plan to have curved lines
all around a design as a pattern
all sections of the pattern
make other sections feel
complete. It enables the
design to be seen as one
complete piece of art or
design.

5. /
▪ Rhythm or movement is regarded
as a visual temp or beat. It
refers to a regular repetition of
elements to produce the look and
feel of a movement.
▪ Rhythm can be achieved through
the careful placement of
repeated components. It can be
directed for example, along edges
& by means of shape and color.
▪ Rhythm can be categorized
Random, Regular, Alternating,
Progressive, and Flowing.
▪ The term emphasis literally means
to give importance.
▪ Emphasis in designing refers to
give special attention to one part
of a work of art.
▪ It can be achieved through
placement, contrast, color, size,
repetition, etc. For example: A
dark shape in a light composition
6.
▪ Unity refers to the
arrangement of elements to
give the viewer the feeling
that all the parts of the
design or piece form a
coherent whole i.e. designs
must be in harmony in which