ARTS AND APPRECIATION
FIRST PPT
HUMANITIES
• Humanities comes from the Latin word humanus,
which means being human, cultured or refined.
• It is a branch of learning concerned with human
thought, feelings and relations. It deals with the
appreciation of human creativity that explores the
reaches of human feeling in relation to values and
others’ values.
• It records man’s experiences, sentiments, ideals and
goals. And ultimately expresses man’s feelings and
thoughts. It provides enjoyment and stimulation.
• It deals with subject areas where human subjectivity
is emphasized and individual expressiveness is
dramatized by appreciating, understanding,
interpreting and evaluating arts.
•To that effect, Humanities deals not with the
appreciation of architecture alone or literature alone
but it’s a study of all the above-mentioned arts. It deals
not with scientific or objective point of view.
WHY DO WE STUDY
HUMANITIES?
• To increase our sensitivity. To be sensitive is also to
feel and believe that things make a difference.
• To develop the students’ aesthetic skills, values,
critical thinking, observation, etc. These skills and
learning will fill up a need in oneself that makes him a
well-rounded person.
• To mold our values. Values are strictly in the domains
of the humanities because they are strictly relative to
us and our condition. They are clarified and revealed
through arts appreciation. As we deepen our
understanding of arts, we also deepen our
understanding of values, for that is what arts are all
about. We will study our experience with work of art as
well as the values that others associate with those
works. By appreciating a certain kind of art, we also
educate ourselves about the nature of our values.
WHAT IS ART?
• Art is “human ingenuity in adapting natural things to
man’s use”. - Webster.
Therefore, an artist uses his genius in transforming
God-made things into man-made things that satisfy his
needs.
• Art came from the word “ars” which means skill
• Skill – refers to technical knowledge and proficiency
• Cunning – the ingenuity and subtlety in devising,
inventing or executing
• Artifice – it is the mechanical skill especially in
imitating things in nature
• Craft-refers to expertness in workmanship or suggest
trickery and guile in attaining one’s ends
• Aristotle defines art as the “right reason of making
things.” Any kind of human activity when direct to
change or transform things under the patterns of right
reasons can be called art.
WHAT IS THE NATURE OF ART?
• Art is ageless. It has been created by people at all
time; they live and grow because they are liked &
enjoyed. It involves personal experience of an
individual accompanied by some intensified emotion.
• Art is made by man. Art is man-made, no matter how
close it is to nature. Art is a product of experience. Art
is the expression of an artist’s personal thoughts and
feelings, it may be inferred that, he belongs to a millieu,
and he cannot free himself from the influence of his
social, economic, political, cultural, geographic,
scientific and technological environment which affects
his creative expressions.
• Art is universal. Art can be enjoyed and understood
by anybody. Its subjects are familiar or common in
many parts of the world.
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WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
ART?
• Art serves as a means of expression developed by man.
• It also satisfies the desires of man as a creative and
imaginative being and provides enjoyment,
entertainment or leisure.
• Art turns abstract ideas to reality, as well as turns
concrete ideas to abstract ones. And it molds an
individual to a certain degree, according to the person’s
perception.
WHAT IS THE APPRECIATION?
• Appreciation of a work of art implies and intellectual
involvement with what is to be appreciated, be it a
painting, a musical composition, a piece of sculpture, a
drama or a novel. To appreciate anyone’s art does not
only mean responding emotionally, but one has to
understand what it is all about.
CATEGORIES/
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
ARTS
A. Visual Arts (2D, 3D)
1. Painting - It is the application of pigment (color)on
any flat two-dimensional surface.
2. Sculpture- It is the carving, modelling, casting,
constructing, and assembling of materials and objects
into primarily three-dimensional art.
3. Architecture- It is the art and science of planning,
designing, and constructing buildings and nonbuilding
structures for human shelter or use (3D).
B. Performing Arts
1. Music- is an art form and cultural activity whose
medium is sound organized in time.
2. Dance- is the movement of the body in a rhythmic
way, usually to music and within a given space for the
purpose of expressing an idea or emotion.
3. Film- also called movie or motion picture, is a series
of still images that when shown on a screen creates an
illusion of moving images.
4. Theater- is a collaborative form of art that uses live
performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the
experience of a real or imagined event before a live
audience in a specific place, often on a stage.
5. Literary- is concentrating the writing, study or
content of literature, especially of the kind valued for
quality of form.
6. Performance Poetry- is poetry specifically composed
for or during a performance before an audience rather
than on print, mostly open to improvisation.
C. Digital Arts
It is the art that is made with the assistance of electronic
devices or intended to be displayed on a computer.
ex: digital media animations photographs illustrations’
videos
digital paintings
D. Applied Arts
-the application of design and decoration to everyday
objects to make them aesthetically pleasing.
1. Fashion Design- is the art of applying design,
aesthetics,
and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories.
2. Furniture Design- is a specialized field were function
and fashion collide.
3. Interior design- is enhancing the interior of a
building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically
pleasing environment for the people using the space.
4. Graphic Design- It is an artistic process of effective
communication. Designers combine words, images, and
symbols to create a visual representation of ideas.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ART?
- To create beauty. Art adds beauty to our lives.
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-To provide decoration. Art serves as decoration.
-To reveal truth. Art highlights qualities that reveal
what is beneath.
-To immortalize. Art remains as time passes by.
-To express religious values. Art expresses spiritual
beliefs
-To express fantasy. Art serves as vehicle to express the
artist’s inner most fantasies.
-To stimulate the intellect. Art makes one think.
-To express or create order and harmony.
-To record experience. Art communicates experiences
and events.
-To express the social & cultural context. Art records
the activities & objects of time and places.
-To protest injustice. Art shows the bitter struggles of
people.
-To elevate the commonplace. Art magnifies a simple
subject to a complex one.
-To express the universal. Art portrays universal themes
as hope, fear and superiority.
-To sell products. Art convinces consumers to buy.
-To express emotions and feelings. In music, it helps to
release tension and heal.
-To influence the behavior of people for cause.
- To serve a utilitarian need
FUNCTIONS OF ART
1. Personal and Individual Function
- It is being used to provide comfort, happiness, and
convenience to human beings. The artist tries to
express his personal feelings through art work
2. Social Function
- Art is used for public display and celebration: it is
used to affect collective behavior. It bridges connection
among people. Art conveys sense of family, community
and civilization.
3. Historical Function
-Paintings, sculptures, architectural works and other
art forms serve to record historical figures and events.
- Not only to commemorate but celebrate historical
greats
4. Cultural Function
-Art helps preserve, share, and transmit culture of
people from one generation to another.
5. Religious Function
-Almost all, art forms evolved from religion. People in
the olden times worshipped their gods in the form of
songs and dances.
-The first Greek paintings and sculptures were those of
gods and goddesses.
- The first great architectural works were built for
religious purposes: pyramids were built to entomb the
pharaohs, the mausoleum of Rome served as cemetery
and the churches and mosques were constructed for
religious worship.
6. Aesthetic Function
- Artworks serve to beautify.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTISTIC
COMPOSITION
Artistic composition is the act of composing or
organizing the elements of art in order to produce
works of beauty.
1. Proportion
-the comparative relationship of the parts of
composition to each other and to the whole.
Scale - it is the relative size of an object compared with
others of its kind, setting, or human dimensions.
2. Unity/Harmony
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-Is oneness or wholeness.
-A work of art achieves unity when its parts are
necessary to the composition.
-In the visual arts, it is achieved by establishing a
pleasing relationship between the different elements.
There is unity and harmony if the various parts of
design will give an appearance of belonging together.
3. Balance
- A work of art possesses balance when its visual or
actual weights or masses (including color masses) are
distributed in such a way that they achieve harmony.
a. Formal/ Symmetric Balance- This is achieved by
making both sides exactly alike.
b. Informal/Asymmetrical Balance - When the left and
the right sides of the thing, though not identical in
appearance, still display an even distribution of weight.
It is also known as asymmetrical or occult balance.
4. Rhythm
-It is the regular repetition or sensory impressions. A
series of units repeated one after the other produces
rhythmic movement.
5. Emphasis
- It means the giving of proper importance to the parts
or to the whole.
- A clever interior creates a center of interest in a room.
- greatly used in advertising
Emphasis is important because it relieves monotony
and is used to call attention to pleasing centers of
interest.
SECOND PPT
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ART
COLOR
- is the visual perception seen by the human eye.
- The modern color wheel is designed to explain how
color is arranged and how colors interact with each
other.
- Color contains characteristics, including hue, value,
and saturation. Primary hues are also the primary
colors: red, yellow, and blue. When two primary hues
are mixed, they produce secondary hues, which are also
the secondary colors: orange, violet, and green.
VALUE
- refers to how adding black or white to color changes
the shade of the original color
- The addition of black or white to one color creates a
darker or lighter color giving artists gradations of one
color for shading or highlighting.
SATURATION
- the intensity of color, and when the color is fully
saturated, the color is the purest form or most authentic
version
- primary colors are the three fully saturated colors as
they are in the purest form.
-as the saturation decreases, the color begins to look
washed out when white or black is added
-when a color is bright, it is considered at its highest
intensity
FORM
-gives shape to a piece of art, whether it is the
constraints of a line in a painting or the edge of the
sculpture
-can be two-dimensional, three- dimensional restricted
to height and weight, or it can be free-flowing also is
the expression of all the formal elements of art.
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LINE
- is primarily a dot or series of dots, which can vary in
thickness, color, and shape
- is a two-dimensional shape unless the artist gives it
volume or mass.
- Lines can also be implied as in an action of the hand
pointing up, the viewer's eyes continue upwards
without even a real line.
SHAPE
- The shape of the artwork can have many meanings.
- is defined as having some sort of outline or boundary,
whether the shape is two or three dimensional
- can be geometric (known shape) or organic (free
form shape)
-Space and shape go together in most artworks.
SPACE
- is the area around the focal point of the art piece and
might be positive or negative, shallow or deep, open,
or closed
- is the area around the art form; in the case of a
building, it is the area behind, over.
- The space around a structure or other artwork gives
the object its shape.
- The children are spread across the picture, creating
space between each of them, the figures become
unique.
TEXTURE
- can be rough or smooth to the touch, imitating a
particular feel or sensation.
- is also how your eye perceiving a surface, whether it
is flat with little texture or displays variations on the
surface, imitating rock wood.
- Artists added texture to buildings, landscapes, and
portraits with excellent brushwork and layers of paint,
giving the illusion of reality.
THIRD PPT
STYLES OF ART
WHAT IS STYLE?
Style is basically the manner in which the artist
portrays his or her subject matter and how the artist
expresses his or her vision.
Style is determined by the characteristics that describe
the artwork, such as the way the artist employs form,
color, and composition, to name just a few.
REALISM
-Realism portrays people and things as they are seen by
the eyes or really thought to be, without idealization,
without distortion.
-The presentation and organization of details in the
work seem so natural.
-Realism emerged as a coherent program of literary
aesthetics stressing the daily life of an ordinary man
with emphasis on the sordid and disagreeable.
-This style of art has always existed, but it became more
relevant in the 1850s.
Ex. Winnowing Rice by: Fernando Amorsolo
2. SURREALISM
-Founded in Paris, 1924 by French poet Andre Breton
-Surrealism uses art as a weapon against evils and
restrictions that surrealists see in society.
-Surrealism is a word derived from super realism which
means beyond realism.
-It is influenced by Freudian psychology which
emphasizes the activities of the unconscious mind-
absence of control.
-Portrayed as dream imagery, fantasies
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Ex. Salvador Dali, Dream caused by the flight of a bee
around a pomegranate a second before awakening,
1944
3. ABSTRACTION
“Abstract” means to move away or separate from
realism
-An abstractionist draws away from reality as he creates
his artwork.
-His/her product is a departure from what is present in
real life. ex: a person with no facial features, no fingers,
no toes and no hair
-An abstractionist selects from the following methods:
distortion, mangling, elongation, cubism, and abstract
expression
a. Distortion
-Distortion is presenting the subject in a misshaped
form.
EX: an apple is shown as a square or a cirle or a star.
Le Reve (“Dream” in French) is Pablo Picasso‘s most
famous, expensive and also controversial painting of all
the time.
Kathak Painting, by Kunal Moon
b. Mangling
-Mangling is presenting the subjects with parts which
are cut, lacerated, mutilated, or hacked with repeated
blows.
c. Elongation
-Elongation is presenting the subject in an elongated
form.
It is done by stretching the object, for example the
human body.
Ex. The Resurrection (1596-1600) is an oil on canvas
painting by the Spanish Renaissance painter, sculptor
and architect El Greco.
d. Cubism
-Cubism is presenting the subject with the use of cubes
or other geometric figures (triangles, squares,
rectangle, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, etc.)
Ex. Ma Jolie is a painting produced by Pablo Picasso
between 1911 and 1912.
Ma Jolie means My pretty girl.
e. Abstract Expressionism
-Originated from New York.
-Abstract expressionism is presenting the subject with
the use of strong color, uneven brush strokes, and
rough texture, and with the deliberate lack of
refinement in the application of the paint.
In 1947, Jackson Pollock discovered a new mode of
painting. The method consisted of flinging and dripping
paint onto an unstretched canvas, laid on the floor of
his studio. The style became known as drip painting.
4. Dadaism
-Dadaism is shoking realism.
-It is presenting the real-life subject with the intention
to shock the audience through the exposition of the
evils in society.
-Derived from the frech word dada which means
“hobbyhorse.”
-It started as a protest art movement composed of
painters and writers whose desire was to revolutionize
the outworn art traditions.
Ex. The Art Critic by Raoul Hausmann, 1919-20, Tate
The Art Critic is Hausmann’s ardent criticism of the
superficiality of the art world. The piece is a photo
collage made up of a series of magazine and newspaper
photographs and includes some drawn elements.
5. Impressionism
-Impressionism is realism based on the artist’s
impression.
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-It is presenting the real-life subject with emphasis on
the impression left on the artist’s mind or perception,
particularly the effect of light on the object used as
subject.
-Going beyond what is real, the artist may distort color
or form.
-It is a late 19th-century style of painting which puts
stress on capture of transient atmosphereric effects, use
5. Impressionism
-EX: An apple on the table is presented not as entirely
red, but with white areas showing the spots where the
light rays fall upon.
-Painters of this genre include: Claude Monet, Edouard
Manet, Edgar Degas, Rembrandt van Rijn, Vincent van
Gogh, and Edward Hopper.
Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant (Impression,
Sunrise), 1872, oil on canvas, Musée Marmottan Monet,
Paris. This painting became the source of the
movement's name, after Louis Leroy's article The
Exhibition of the Impressionists satirically implied that
the painting was at most, a sketch.
6. Pointillism
-POINTILLISM is a technique of painting in which small,
distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an
image.
-Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the
technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism.
-The practice of Pointillism is in sharp contrast to the
traditional methods of blending pigments on a palette.
Ex. Henri Edmond Cross – Regatta in Venice, 1903-4
7. Fantasy
Fantasy art is a genre of art that depicts magical or
other supernatural themes, ideas, creatures or settings.
-There is some overlap with science fiction, horror and
other speculative fiction art, there are unique elements
not generally found in other forms of speculative fiction
art.
-Fantasy art is strongly linked to fantasy fiction. Indeed,
fantasy art pieces are often intended to represent
specific characters or scenes from works of fantasy
literature. Such works created by amateur artists may
be called fanart.
Ex. Mermaid’s Friend John Silver
8. Pop Art
-It was the art movement of the late 1950s and ’60s that
was inspired by commercial and popular culture.
-Although it did not have a specific style or attitude,
Pop art was defined as a diverse response to the postwar
era’s commodity-driven values, often using
commonplace objects (such as comic strips, soup cans,
road signs, and hamburgers) as subject matter or as
part of the work.
8. Pop Art
-American artists Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James
Rosenquist and others would soon follow suit to
become the most famous champions of the movement
in their own rejection of traditional historic artistic
subject matter in lieu of contemporary society’s ever-
present infiltration of mass manufactured products and
images that dominated the visual realm.
Ex. Whaam! (1963) – Roy Lichtenstein
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MODULE 2 TEXTURE
PHOTOGRAPHY It particularly comes into play when lights hits objects
at interesting angle
From the Greek word “FOTOS” means LIGHT,
“GRAPHEN” means TO DRAW
A method of recording images by action of light or
related radiation on a sensitive material
Elements of Photography
PATTERN
Patterns are all around us, emphasizing and
highlighting these patterns can lead to striking shots
a regularity within a scene,
it's elements of the scene that repeat themselves in
a predictable way. DEPTH OF FIELD
Each picture should have only one principal idea,
topic, center of interests to which the viewer’s eyes
are attracted.
It can isolate a subject from its background.

SYMMETRY
LINES
•when a photograph looks like it consists of two
•Must be spotted while framing a shot then utilize it,
objects that are mirror images of each other
Lines can be diagonal, horizontal, vertical and
converging that give a different impact to the photo
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FRAMING BALANCE
It involves identifying the obvious •a composition technique that arranges elements
foreground object close to the within the frame to achieve equal visual weight across
camera, with main subject of the the image.
photograph further away

COLOR
• Is making pictures that look more like how the
PERSPECTIVE world looks
•It’s the point of view of the of photographs •It can make or break the mood of a scene.
•adds a dynamic element to your images that is very
pleasing to the eye

SPACE
•commonly known as the rule of space.
•the act of adding visual space in front of the direction
that an object is moving, looking or pointing to imply
motion and direction and to lead the eye of the viewer
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FOUR Photographic View
BIRD’S EYE VIEW
When photographing a subject from above
WORM’S EYE VIEW
•When photographing a subject from below
BECOMING THE SUBJECT
shoot the photo from the angle of the subject
•For example, a shot of surgery shown as though you
were looking through the surgeon's eyes (patient and
surgeon's hands visible but not the surgeon's
face/body).
EYE LEVEL
• a shot where the camera is positioned directly at a
character or characters' eye level
PHOTOGRAPHY 2
SIMPLICITY
•is about creating an image that is clean, well-
composed, and focused on the subject •to place the
subject against a neutral background such as a
backdrop or the sky
THE RULE OF THIRDS
• a type of composition in which an image is divided
evenly into thirds, both horizontally and vertically,
and the subject of the image is placed at the
intersection of those dividing lines
tells you not to place the main elements in the center
of photos.
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LINES Creative shot
•refers to anything that stretches between two points a photograph that employs different techniques and
in your photo effects to manipulate and take photos as per your
•It serve to affect photographic composition, as to imagination creatively.
create a mood and they lead the eye through the
photograph.
•way of using the composition of a photo to create a
sense of unity, giving a viewer a feeling of satisfaction
•deciding upon the kinds of feelings that you intend
to transmit
FRAMING
•refers to a compositional technique that helps bring
attention directly to your subject, by blocking off part
of the image to form a frame around a point of interest
MERGER
occur when two objects in an image appear to be
touching or merging together
Kinds of shots
Wide shot/Long shot
a shot that typically shows the entire object or human
figure and is usually intended to place it in some
relation to its surroundings
medium shot
• A type of camera shot that shows the subject from
the waist up.
•It draws attention to both the character
Close up shot
• shot taken of a subject or object at close range
intended to show greater detail to the viewer
Candid shot
• a photograph captured without creating a posed
appearance
•captures the organic, genuine, and unposed moments