Humanities

• From the Latin word ‘humanus’ which means 1. human – ability to show kindness, tenderness,
human, cultured, and refined and rationality
• human beings have natural human tendencies, 2. refined – improvement is seen good taste
norms, and can adapt to the environment. 3. cultured – learned in ways of a civilized society
Social Sciences Humanities Humanities in Academics
attempt to see human more concerned with
beings in the mass, as the individual, and • It is the study of arts – the visual arts such as
subjects for especially with unique architecture, painting, and sculpture; music;
generalizations, their creations of the dance; the theater or drama; and literature.
behavior being a fit individual • Study of Art – delving into areas in which
subject for prediction imagination which we human values and individual expressiveness are
call works of art celebrated, where we can understand our being
Psychology, History, Philosophy, Literature, ‘human’.
and Economics Languages, and Arts

Art
From the Latin word ‘ars’ which means ability or skill.

Assumption of Art
1. Art is Experience
• It tells of physical, emotional, intellectual,
and spiritual experiences
• Experience is the process of doing and
seeing things and having things happen to
you.
• personal or individual
• accompanied by emotions or emotional
reaction
• John Dewey’s book “Art as Experience”
Art is a powerful form of communication
and expression.
• Art is a dynamic human experience that
involves both the artist and audience, where
the audience connects to the artist’s
experience and transforms it into their own.
• You perceive art through your experience
• Example: EDVARD MUNCH (1863-1944)
'The Scream', 1893
Levels of Art Appreciation
Artist’s Audience – interact with the work of art,
experience it. Thus, we recreate what is presented to
us.
2. Art is not Nature
• Individual artists have their own very
personal ways of seeing. Personal
perceptions and feelings come into play.
• Art is not real because it is an imitation of
nature by an artist; art is man- made.
3. Art is Beauty
• It provides aesthetic pleasure.
• Interpreted through the concept value of:
▪ Aesthetics – depends on how
effectively the principles and elements
of art interact that provide value
▪ Taste – depends on factors like class,
culture, background, education, etc.
We become delighted in the arts through our
senses. Our enjoyment can increase in two levels:
1. Understanding
2. Feeling
 The Artistic Process

The artist The elements

Artist interacts
translates the of the medium
with an
interaction are used to
experience or
into a produce the
a subject.
medium. finished work.

Elements in the Artistic Process

1. Work
– through equipment, tools, materials, etc.
2. Artist
– may produce through talent
– may enhance the skill through motivation
and training

Artist vs Artisan
Artist Artisan
Somewhat an elitist Folk traditions and
view categorizing the practitioners are seen as
“Fine Arts” craftsman or artisans
Creates for aesthetics functional utilitarian art
“high art” Done by hand, in small
quantity

Subjects and Representing Them

Subject Factors Affection Choice of Subject
• refers to the main idea that is represented in the • Medium
artwork. • Time
• Who or what the art is about (may be objective • Patronage the artist has
or nonobjective) • Developments
• Essence of the piece
Types of Subjects Styles of Representation
1. Landscapes, Seascapes, and Cityscapes 1. Realism – normal appearance
2. Still Life 2. Abstraction – simplifying; omission of details
3. Animals 3. Distortion – proportions area arranged
4. Portraits differently from natural appearance
5. Figures 4. Surrealism – realism +distortion
6. Everyday Life (Real Life)
7. History and Legend
8. Religion and Mythology
9. Dreams and Fantasies
 Art Forms Art according to Media and Forms
1. Visual
1. Plastic & graphic arts
- visual in nature: painting, ceramics,
- developed through space and perceived by
drawing, sculpture, crafts, design,
the sense of sight
printmaking, photography, architecture,
2. kinetic arts
2. Literary
- shows element rhythm
- Fiction and Non- fiction
3. phonetic arts
3. Popular/ Modern
- sounds and words as media of expression
- Showcase of what’s trendy, well- liked, and
4. pure arts
prevalent such as romance novels,
- take only medium of expression like sound
computer games, music videos, manga.
in music and color in painting
4. Performing
5. mixed arts
- Use of human body, face, and presence as
- take more than one medium such as the
media; examples are music, dance, theater
opera which combines music, poetry and
5. Digital
drama
- Computer – aided

Art according to Purpose

1. practical arts/useful arts
- directed to produce artifacts and utensils
for the satisfaction of human needs
2. liberal arts
- directed toward intellectual growth
3. fine arts
- focused towards creative activity for the
contemplation of the mind and uplift of
the spirit
4. major arts
- painting, architecture, sculpture, literature,
music and dance (involves actual and
potential expressiveness)
5. minor arts
- decorative arts, popular arts, graphic arts,
plastic arts, industrial arts
 History
• History is straightforward and based on facts-
only in theory.
• Historians decided what to include and exclude,
and they produced an organized material that
would effectively narrate the past for the
benefit of the present.
• Time changes, so narratives are updated,
rewritten, and sometimes discarded altogether
and replaced with new ones.
• History is subjective – a product of
interpretation during a particular time
• History is bias towards the storyteller.
• 'What is history, but a fable agreed upon?’-
Napoleon Bonaparte
Art History Before
• Developed in Europe during the colonial
period (15th century and the mid-20th century)
• European traditions were emphasized (Greek
and Roman origins)
• mid-20th century – the standard narrative for
“Western Art” was established
• The discipline of studying art history labelled
Art from the rest of the world as ‘non-
Western art’ and was viewed marginally from a
colonialist perspective.
The Gregorian Calendar
• Gregorian Calendar (or Christian Calendar)
was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582.
• There are numerous calendars, beyond the
Gregorian calendar, that are still in use today.
• Example date: December 26, 2021 means it has
been two-thousand and twenty-one years (give
or take a few) after Jesus Christ is believed to
have been born.
With Christian reference
• B.C. - “Before Christ”
• A.D. - L. Anno Domini (in the year of our
Lord)
Newer System
• B.C.E. - Before the Common Era (functions
like B.C.)
• C.E. - Common Era (functions like A.D.)
Art History Now
• In 20th century, an immense sociocultural
change took place that led art historians to
amend these narratives.
• Women and artists of color were included
• Traditional focus on painting, sculpture, and
architecture was expanded to include so-called
minor arts such as ceramics and textiles and
contemporary media such as video and
performance art.
• Interest in Non-Western art increased.
• Globalism (biggest challenge of art history)
and multiculturalism are shaping the history
of art today.
• Art history possesses a role in developing
interconnectedness and familiarity with
diverse cultures.
• Art historians are working to reconcile the
discipline’s (study of Art History) European
intellectual origins and its problematic
colonialist legacy with contemporary
multiculturalism and how to write history in a
global era
Format
• AD - before the year (ex: AD 2021)
• BC - after the year (ex: 525 BC)
• BCE and CE - after the year (27 BCE)
• Dates sometimes are preceded with ‘c.’ or ‘ca.’
abbreviations of the Latin word "circa" which
means around, or approximately.
• Used before a date to indicate that we do not
know exactly when something happened,
• Example: c. 400 B.C.E. means approximately
400 years Before the Common Era.
• A century is composed of 100 years.
• There is no year zero
• 1st century (year 1-100)
• 21st century (Jan 1, 2001 to Dec 31, 2100)
• The century will always be one more than the
written year (2021 is in the 21st century)
• 2nd Century B.C. is from 200-101 B.C.
(backward counting)
 Artistic Styles

1. Medieval Art (ca. AD 4-1300) 4. Rococo (ca. AD 1720–1780)

• Includes styles and periods such as early • an extension of the Baroque
Christian and Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon and • decorative and theatrical aspects of art with
Viking, Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque, an emphasis on asymmetry, curved forms
and Gothic and bright colors
• Various secular arts were unified by the • Originating in France during the reign of
Christian church Louis XV (1715–1774)
• Themes and subjects: church and sacred • combination of painting, sculpture and
stories and personalities architecture into a unified scheme, applying
• Purpose is to promote Christianity to both interior design and the decorative
arts
2. Renaissance (ca. AD 1300–1600) • Venus and Amor (1742) by François
• from Italy to the Netherlands, a combined Boucher. Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.
revival of Classical learning from ancient • Key artists included:
Greece and Rome with an increase o Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 1796–1770
o François Boucher 1703–1770
awareness of nature and a more
o Jean-Honoré Fragonard 1732–1806
individualistic view of man.
• blossoming of all of the arts, in painting,
5. Neoclassicism (ca. AD 1750–1830)
sculpture, music and architecture
• follows the ornamental extravagances of
• incorporation of Elements of Arts
Baroque and Rococo Period
• anybody who is considered a specialist in a
• artists and architects sought to revive the
particular field is called an ‘artist’
symmetry and precision of the Renaissance
• rise of Academies; art became an industry
era
• The Birth of Venus (c.1485) by Sandro
• a strong sense of inner harmony, clarity
Botticelli. Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
and restraint within the picture.
• Key artists included:
o Sandro Botticelli c. 1445–1510
• Art as political tool to reveal stories of the
o Leonardo Vinci Leonardo da Vinci 1452–1519 rich and influential
o Michelangelo 1475–1564 • The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at
o Raphael 1483–1520. the Tuileries by Jacques-Louis David
(1812)
3. Baroque (ca. AD 1600–1730) • Key artists included:
• classical idealism of the Renaissance with a o Jacques-Louis David 1748–1825
greater emphasis on drama o Antonio Canova 1757–1822
o Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres 1780–1867
• Art that seeks to evoke emotional states
using strong color schemes and employing
swirling spirals and upward diagonals
• Heavily sponsored by the Catholic church;
art as weapon in religion wars (Counter-
Reformation Movement) in response to
Martin Luther and John Calvin
• Lot and his Daughters (c.1614) by Peter
Paul Rubens.
• Key artists included:
o Caravaggio 1571–1610
o Peter Paul Rubens 1577–1640
o Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1598–1680
o Diego Velázquez 1599–1660
6. Romanticism (ca. AD 1780–1880)
• Beginning of modern art
• art as an expression of the individual artist
and an “authentic” response to the world of
sensory experience, especially its vastness
and unpredictability of nature
• Individuality and celebration of personal
inspiration and imagination
• passion and emotion over intellect and
reason
• exploration of the dark recesses of human
psychology
• The hiker above the sea of fog (c. 1817)
by Caspar David Friedrich.
• Key artists included:
o Caspar David Friedrich 1774–1840
o J.M.W. Turner 1775–1851
o John Constable 1776–1837
o Henri Fuseli 1741- 1825
7. Realism (ca. AD 1848-1900)
• began in France
• believed by some to be the first modern art
movement
• caused by anti-romantic movement in
Germany, the rise of journalism and the
advent of photography; interest in
capturing everyday life
• detailed, life-like depictions of subject matter
• painting what is physically seen
• celebrating working class and peasant
• The Desperate Realism) Man
(c.1843- 1845) by Gustave Courbet
• Key artist included:
o Gustave Courbet 1819-1877 (Father of Realism)
8. Art Noveau (ca. AD 1890-1910)
• ‘New Art’
• an entirely authentic movement free from
any imitation of styles that preceded it
• heavily influenced applied arts, graphics,
and illustration
• focused on the natural world, characterized
by long, sinuous lines and curves
• architecture, graphic and interior design,
jewelry making, and painting
• Sarah Bernhardt (c.1896) by Alphonse
Mucha
• Key artist included:
o Alphonse Mucha 1860- 1939
o Antoni Gaudi 1852- 1926
9. Impressionism (ca. AD 1860–1890)
• most well-known which emerged in the
second half of the 19th century in Paris
• anti-academic in style, characterized by
lively brushstrokes and a bright color palette
• painting outdoors (in plein-air) instead in a
studio
• common subjects: landscapes and scenes
of everyday life
• placing attention on the transient effects of
sunlight as much as on the subject
themselves.
• Claude Monet’s Impression, Sunrise
(1872) is the inspiration behind the name of
the Impressionist movement
• Camille Monet on a Garden Bench
(1873) by Claude Monet
• Key artists included:
o Claude Monet 1840–1926
(Founder of impressionist painting)
o Edgar Degas 1834–1917
o Camille Pissarro 1830–1903
o Auguste Renoir 1841–1919
o Paul Cezanne 1839–1906
10. Post-impressionism (ca. AD 1886–1905)
• mainly French movement
• a natural evolution from Impressionism;
term coined in 1910 by English art critic
Roger Fry pertaining to an array of
separate artists inspired by the
Impressionists than a close-knit group
• artists continuing to use vivid colors, a thick
brushstrokes and real-life subject matter, but
also expressive of their emotional and
psychological responses to the world
through distorted forms and unnatural color
schemes
• Wheat Field with Cypresses (1889) by
Vincent van Gogh
• Key artists included:
o Paul Cezanne 1839–1906
o Vincent van Gogh 1853–1890
o Paul Gauguin 1848–1903
o George Seurat 1859–1891 (pointillism)
11. Fauvism (ca. AD 1900-1935)
• Led by Henri Matisse
• built upon examples from Vincent van
Gogh and George Seurat
• style was characterized by expressive use of
intense color, line, and brushwork, a bold
sense of surface design, and flat composition
• centered on the expression of feeling
• The Dance (c.1910) by Henri Matisse
• Key artist:
o Henri Matisse 1869-1954
12. Expressionism (ca. AD 1905–1930)
• Originated in Germany at the beginning of
the 20th Century
• artists seeking to depict not objective reality
but rather a subjective, emotional
charged responses to a rapidly changing
world
• free-spirited paintings tended to be bold and
brisk, roughly cut, with vivid, sometimes
overbright colors, expressing a dual theme
of celebration and disfiguration
• Landscape with Factory Chimney (1910)
by Wassily Kandinsky
• Key artists included:
o Ernst Ludwig Kirchner 1880–1938
o Wassily Kandinsky 1866–1944
o Paul Klee 1878–1940
o Edvard Munch 1863–1944
13. Cubism (ca. AD 1907–1914)
• highly influential art style invented by
artists Pablo Picasso and George Braque
• Taking inspiration from post-impressionist
Paul Cezanne
• artists began painting subjects in
fragmented forms in such a way that
suggested multiple viewpoints
simultaneously
• rejected the concept that art should copy
nature
• characteristics: intersecting planes of light
and overlapping forms, showing an object
from several sides, breaking conventional
ideas about visual perception
• Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler,
1910, by Pablo Picasso
• Key artists included:
o Pablo Picasso 1881–1973
o Georges Braque 1882–1963
o Juan Gris 1887–1927
14. Surrealism (ca. AD 1916-1950)
• emerged from Dada art movement in 1916
• Dada artworks were anti-aesthetic, anti-
rational and anti-idealistic
• Surrealists created works of art that defied
reason
• blamed this thought process on events like
World War I and believed it to repress
imaginative thoughts
• Surrealists were influenced by Karl Marx
and theories developed by Sigmund Freud,
who explored psychoanalysis and the
power of imagination (dream-like)
• vivid and bizarre dreams with historical
accuracy
• The Persistence of Memory (1931) by
Salvador Dali
• Key artist:
o Dalvador Dali 1904-1989
15. Abstract Expressionism (ca. 1940s-1950s)
• shaped the legacy of Surrealism
• Product of World War II
• referred to as New York School or Action
Painting
• Artists broke away from what was
considered conventional, and instead used
spontaneity and improvisation to create
abstract works of art (ex: floor instead of
canvas and easel)
• focuses on the medium itself and exists
without representation of subject (no
person, place, object)
• Autumn Rhythm (1950) by Jackson
Pollock
• Key artists:
o Jackson Pollock 1912-1956 (drip painting)
o Mark Rothko 1903-1970 (large blocks of colors
to convey a sense of spirituality)
16. Contemporary Art (1946 — present)
• all art that has come after World War II
• some sources: 1970 is the beginning
• encompasses many themes and styles and
takes us up to the present day; rules are
perpetually broken.
• has no clear linear pattern and is chaotic
• encourages mix of ideas, medias, forms
• Puppy (1992) by Jeff Koons
• Examples:
o Feminist art
o Street Art
o Digital art
 Medieval Art Renaissance Baroque Rococo

Painting on the wall of an

early Christian catacomb The Birth of Venus (c.1485)
showing Moses (or Peter?) Lot and his Daughters Venus and Amor (1742) by
by Sandro Botticelli
striking a rock to get water. (c.1614) by Peter Paul Rubens François Boucher

Neoclassicism Romanticism Realism Art Noveau

The Emperor Napoleon in The Desperate Man (c.1843-

His Study at the Tuileries by The hiker above the sea of fog 1845) by Gustave Courbet Sarah Bernhardt (c.1896) by
Jacques-Louis David (1812) (c. 1817) by Caspar Alphonse Mucha

Impressionism Post-impressionism Fauvism Expressionism

Camille Monet on a Garden The Dance (c.1910) by Henri Landscape with Factory
Bench (1873) by Claude Wheat Field with Cypresses Matisse
(1889) by Vincent van Gogh Chimney (1910) by Wassily
Monet Kandinsky

Cubism Surrealism Abstract Expressionism Contemporary Art

Autumn Rhythm (1950) by

Portrait of Daniel-Henry The Persistence of Memory Jackson Pollock
Kahnweiler, 1910, by Pablo (1931) by Salvador Dali
Puppy (1992) by Jeff Koons
Picasso
 Branches of Philippine Art
1. Traditional/ Ethnic/ Folk Arts
• part of the culture of a group of people
• passed down through generations from
master craftsmen to apprentices
• folk architecture, maritime transport,
weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk
(oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts,
ornament, textile, or fiber art, pottery, and
other artistic expressions of traditional
culture.
• bearers of traditional arts can be nominated
as Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA), equal to National Artist
• Apo Whang-Od, a traditional tattoo artist
or mambabatok, and the last of her
generation, has been officially nominated for
the 2020 Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA) by the National Commission
for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
Pre-colonial Philippine Art
• The first people in the Philippines, i.e., Negritos
from Borneo, Sumatra, and Malaya, were
hunter-gatherers. However, between 3000 BC
and 2000 BC, people learned to farm.
• From the AD 10th century Filipinos traded with
China and by the AD 12th Century Arab
merchants reached the Philippines and they
introduced Islam.
• Medieval art in the West – focus was on
religion and Christianity
• Pre-colonial inhabitants were literate
o Those who are living in coastal communities are
said to be the most literate among early Filipinos
o Had systems of writing and reading (ex: Baybayin)
o there were at least 16 different types of writing
systems present around the Philippines
• Literature: There were early forms of literature
(riddles; tanaga, diona, dalit poetic forms)
o Early literature was also mostly transmitted through
performed rituals
o art was communal not an individualistic property
2. Non-traditional Arts
• encompass dance, music, theater, visual arts,
literature, film and broadcast arts,
architecture and allied arts, and design
• Major art forms
• bearers of non-traditional arts can be
nominated as National Artist, equal to
Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan
• Jose Garcia, awarded as the National Artist
of the Philippines title for literature in 1973
• Knew the value of gold and other minerals
o These coins are called piloncito
o Some were used as ornaments to show status (ex:
Lingling-o ornaments found in Palawan)
• There was already a rich indigenous spiritual
tradition – the world is inhabited by spirits and
supernatural entities
o Sculpture: likha and anito
• Women were on equal footing with men.
o Ancient Filipinos celebrated a woman’s first
menstruation
o they underwent a ceremony known as “dating”
o Pre-Hispanic Philippine society was neither
patriarchal nor matriarchal
o pre-colonial women enjoyed the same rights,
privileges, and opportunities as did men
o Babaylan – female mystical healers or shaman,
match the power of Datu
o Babaylan was labeled as witches and was killed when
Spaniards came
o While these were happening, the Renaissance period
was ongoing in the West.
 Spanish Colonial Period Philippine Art
• When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in
1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to
propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful
images.
• Communication was problem, so some native
forms were used to promote the Catholic faith
(ex: Diona and Dalit poems, Baybayin)
• used images and performative forms to explain
Catholicism (ex: church paintings, Sinakulo,
Pasyon) to replace pagan symbols and practices
• The friars commissioned artisans to create
Catholic images; they were the patrons of the arts
in the country.
• the friars enforced strict supervision over their
production of arts; art was only for the church
and religious use.
• Native traditions were almost wiped out except
for traditions of far-flung ethnic communities
who were not in direct contact with the
colonizers.
• native literature and art were replaced by forms
that mirrored the life of medieval Europe
• The development of the agricultural export
economy provided opportunity for native Indios
to acquire economic wealth
• They became what was to be called the
‘ilustrados’ meaning enlightened and educated
• The ‘ilustrados’ sent their children to universities
in Europe.
• The ‘ilustrados’ became the new patron of the
arts. These events paved the way for the
secularization of art in the 19th century.
• With more tourists, ilustrados and foreigners
demanding souvenirs and decorations from the
country, Tipos del País (Types of the Country)
developed in painting.
• Tipos del País is a style of watercolor painting.
Damián Domingo was the most popular artist
who worked in this style.
• He is also known as the "Father of Filipino
Painting" ALIAS "The First Great Filipino
Painter” and Founder of the Academia de
Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in
the Philippines (1821)
• The rise of the ilustrados also saw an increase in
the demand of the art of portraiture.
• The need to adorn their newly constructed
bahay-na-bato and the want to document their
newfound wealth and social status, motivated the
ilustrados to commission painters to make
portraits of themselves.
• The works of painters like Simon Flores
captured the intricately designed jewelry and
fashion accessories, the minute details of the
embroidered clothes, and ornately designed
domestic furniture of the patrons. The
painstaking attention to minute details
characterized the painting style Miniaturismo.
• 1849 – a decree that all Philippine natives should
assume Spanish names by Governor-General
Narciso Claveria
• Letras y figuras was developed by Jose
Honorato Lozano
• Other artists studied abroad like Felix
Resureccion Hidalgo – first international
Filipino artist who won the gold and silver
medals in the 1884 Madrid Exposition
• Mariano Baldemor Madrinan – the first
Filipino to have won an international award in
sculpture; he received a prestigious award from
the King of Spain, Alfonso XII, during the
international Exposition at Amsterdam.
Las Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho
(The Christian Virgins
Exposed to the
Rabble) by Félix
Resurrección Hidalgo
in 1884
Mater Dolorsa by
Mariano Baldemor
Madrinan in 1883
BALVINO MAURICIO
Letras Y Figuras by José
Honorato Lozano, 1864-
1845
 American and Commonwealth Period Philippine Art
• The Americans subjugated the Philippines
through education and governance.
• 48 years (1898-1946)
• Commonwealth period (1935) – established
with U.S. approval, and Manuel Quezon was
elected the country's first president.
• public education was free; English was used as
medium of instruction. Spanish and the major
dialects in the country were excluded from use
• literary forms from the West infiltrated the
classrooms.
• indigenous literature and art forms were
fortunately preserved through the effort of
educated writers and social scientists
• shift in art patronage
• The new patrons favored, landscapes, still life,
and genre themes that show the beauty of the
land and its people.
• Portraits were still favored by the public officials
• American Colonization brought high influence to
the major Filipino art forms: paintings,
sculptures and architectures
• Fabian dela Rosa (1869 – 1937) – The first
painter of note for the 20th century
• considered the brightest name in Filipino
painting and certainly the most important for the
first quarter of the century.
• BUT nephew Fernando Amorsolo captured the
attention of the public and the buyers and had a
long artistic career. He was named as the
country’s first National Artist in 1972.
Japanese Occupation and Philippine Art
• 1942-1945
• Filipinos were scared to express their opinions
• Artistic activities were suspended, but some
artists managed to produce artworks based on
the atrocities brought by the war.
• Literature used for communication by the
guerillas was produced in secret.
• Common themes: wartime scenes, suffering,
propaganda
Defense of a
Filipina
Woman’s Honor
by Fernando
Amorsolo, 1945
• Fernando Amorsolo paintings burst with yellow-
orange and golden sunlight that captured the
Philippine landscape VS Fabian de la Rosa’s
works with subdued cool colors
• Amorsolo was therefore able to show the ideal
beauty of the Philippine landscape, the
Philippine rural life, and the Filipinas.
• Amorsolo also ventured into advertising.
• Book and magazine cover designs
• Designed commercial products
o “Markang Demonyo” for Ginebra San Miguel
• University of the Philippines – 1908 (the local
academy for art)
• Fabian dela Rosa – first Dean
• Amorsolo was a faculty member and
subsequently became the Dean of the U.P.
School of Fine Arts from 1938 to 1952.
o the “Amorsolo School” was born
o 1920’s – several young painters started to question
the Amorsolo school style
• 1935 – Guillermo Tolentino was commissioned
by the president of UP to sculpt the Oblation
• Guillermo Tolentino
o Studied in Europe (Royal Academy of Fine Arts)
o 1925 professor at the UP School of Fine Arts
o National Artist of the Philippines for Sculpture
in 1973
o Seal of the Republic of the Philippines and
Bonifacio Monument
• The painting of Amorsolo depicts his unspoken
defiance against the oppression during that time.
Doomed Family
by Dominador Castaneda,
1945
 Philippine Art after Independence
• End of WW2 - September 1945 • Fernando Amorsolo - first awardee (National
• July 4, 1946 – Philippine Independence Artist of the Philippines) after 35 years from date
• April 2, 1972 - National Artists of the of demise
Philippines award by NCAA
Benefits:
1. The rank and title of National Artist, as 5. a cash award of seventy-five thousand pesos
proclaimed by the President of the (₱75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous
Philippines; awardees, payable to legal heir/s;
2. The insignia of a National Artist and a 6. a monthly life pension, medical and
citation; hospitalization benefits;
3. A lifetime emolument and material and 7. life insurance coverage for Awardees who are
physical benefits comparable in value to those still insurable;
received by the highest officers of the land 8. a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng
such as: mga Bayani;
4. a cash award of one hundred thousand pesos 9. a place of honor, in line with protocolar
(₱100,000.00) net of taxes, for living precedence, at national state functions, and
awardees; recognition at cultural events

Modern Philippine Art (post WWII)

• The PH - one of the longest traditions of Carlos “Botong” Francisco
Modern Art in Asia (1913–1969)
o early links with America • National Artist for Painting (1973)
o pioneering achievements of Filipino artists who
broke away from the classical conventions
• revived the forgotten art of mural and remained
• Art historians would later refer to this group as its most distinguished practitioner for nearly
the ‘Thirteen Moderns’ three decades
• styles vary such as expressionism, surrealism, an • depicted Philippine history in his “History of
abstract expressionism Manila” mural at the Manila City Hall
• trademark fluid lines and brilliant colors filled
Victorio C. Edades (1895–1985) up the entire pictorial space of the mural,
• “Father of Modern Philippine Painting” defying the rules of linear perspective set by the
• National Artist for Painting (1976) local academy
• Unlike, Amorsolo’s bright, sunny, cheerful
hues, Edades’ colors were dark and somber The Martyrdom
with subject matter or themes depicting of Rizal
by Carlos “Botong”
laborers, factory workers or the simple folk in
V. Francisco, 1960.
all their dirt, sweat and grime
• 1930s - University of Sto. Tomas
(Dean; introduced a liberal arts program)
• With Francisco and Galo Ocampo (recruited Other ‘13 Moderns’:
two young dropouts of the U.P. School of Fine 1. Arsenio Capili
Arts), they led the growth of mural painting 2. Bonifacio Cristobal
in the country 3. Demetrio Diego
4. Cesar Legaspi
5. Diosdado Lorenzo
The Builders 6. Anita Magsaysay
by Victorio 7. Vicente Manansala
Edades, 1928 8. Galo Ocampo
9. Hernando Ocampo
10. Jose Pardo
11. Ricarte Puruganan
Hernando Ocampo Napoleon "Billy" Veloso Abueva
(April 28, 1911 – December 28, 1978) (1930-2018)
• Style and subjects • was a student of Tolentino "Father of Modern
o Neorealism (a reaction to the perceived academic Philippine Sculpture"
and sentimental status of art in the previous • National Artist for Sculpture in 1976
generation)
o Abstract with extremely bold colors
• representational style or modern abstract
o Biomorphic shapes
o WW2, sci- fi, and Philippine landscapes
• Self-taught
The Transfiguration
• National Artist for Visual Arts (1991) at Eternal Garden
Memorial Park by
Genesis Napoleon Abueva,
by Hernando 1979
Ocampo, 1968

Contemporary Philippine Art

• 1970-present
• Work of artists living in the 21st century.
• Dynamic
o Combination of materials, methods, concepts, ad
subjects
o Defies traditional boundaries

The People Power Monument by Eduardo Castrillo, 1993.

The Fisherman by Ang Kiukok, 1981.