PRELIM: ART APPRECIATION
L1: Humanities
HUMANITIES
• Humanities came from the Latin word
humanus meaning refined, cultured and
human.
• Study of the different cultural aspect of man,
his frailties in life and how it can be improved.
• Records man’s quest for answers to the
fundamental questions he asks about himself
and about life.
• Humanities are expressions of man’s feelings
and thoughts
•Emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and
recognizes creative expressions
•aimed to shape students subjective energies
(attitudes and aspirations)
ETYMOLOGY OF ART
•ART comes from the Aryan root word AR
which means to put together
• Latin word ARS which means skills/ability
• cover those areas of artistic creativity
embraces the visual arts, literature, music and
dance
• expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill &
imagination
DIVISION OF THE ARTS
•Visual Arts: arts that are primarily seen,
occupies space. Examples: paintings, sculptures
and architectures.
•Auditory Arts: heard, timed arts exist in time.
Examples: music and poetry.
• Combined/Performing Arts: combines visual
auditory elements. Examples: drama & theatre,
dancing, cinema & TV, opera.
Purposes of the Arts
1. to create beauty
2. to provide decoration
3. to reveal truth
4. to immortalize
5. to express religious values
6. to record & commemorate experience
7. to create order & harmony
L2: Art Expressions & Assumptions
Types of ART EXPRESSIONS
VISUAL ARTS - Is the kind of art form that the
population is most likely more exposed to, but
its variations are so diverse they range from
sculptures that you see in art galleries to the
last movie you saw. Some mediums of visual
arts include paintings, drawings, lettering,
printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
Architecture - is the art of designing and
constructing buildings and other types of
structures. It is often referred to as the “mother
of the arts” because it houses, serves as
background for, or occurs in relation to other
fields of art. Materials used include stone,
concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.
Performance art - is a live art and the artist’s
medium is mainly the human body which he or
she uses to perform, but also employs other
kind of art such as visual art, props, or sound.
Theater - uses live performers to present
accounts or imaginary events before a live
audience. Theater art performance usually
follows a script, though they should not be
confused with literary arts.
Dance – is series of movements that follows the
rhythm of the music accompaniment.
Dance (French dancier) generally refers to
human movement either used as a form of
expression or presented in a social, spiritual or
performance setting.
Choreography – art of making dances, and the
person who does this is called a choreographer.
Film - refers to the art of putting together
successions of still images in order to create an
illusion of movement, Filmmaking focuses on its
aesthetic, cultural, and social value and is
considered as both an art and an industry.
Poetry - is an art form where the artist
expresses his emotions not by using paint,
charcoal, or camera, but expresses them
through words.
Literary art - goes beyond the usual
professional, academic, journalistic, and other
technical form of writing. It focuses on writing
using a unique style, not following a specific
form or norm. It may include both fiction and
non-fiction such as novels, biographies and
poems.
Applied arts - incorporate elements of style and
design to everyday items with the aim of
increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in this
field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into
many things that are useful in everyday life.
Assumptions of Arts
Art is UNIVERSAL
• created by all people at all times
• No matter how isolated, people sing, dance,
tell stories, create monuments, and draw visual
patterns
• present in all countries
• It lives because it is well lived and enjoyed
Art is CULTURAL
• Art is a reflection of people and their social
context
• separation in art is equal to separation in
society
• no high or low art
• all have the same potential to communicate
with anyone.
Art is not NATURE
• Man’s expression of his reception of nature
• Man’s way of interpreting nature.
• Art is made by man, whereas nature is given
around us.
Art involves EXPERIENCE
• Other that the creativity and imagination
capabilities of an individual, in order for you to
actually maximize your talent and skill and with
the thought of sharing it with Experience is
important.
Art as EXPRESSION
• Joan Mitchell
Art is SUBJECTIVE
• Art is completely subjective. It’s up to the
viewer to judge whether or not it has merit.
Nature of Art
1. Art is a diverse range of human activities.
2. Art represents reality, a representation.
3. Art is an expression
4. Art serves as a means of communication of
emotions.
5. Art matters - illustrates human experiences
6. Art is universal – a universal language and
through it each nation makes its own unique
contribution to the culture of mankind.
7. Art is creation
L3: Functions Of Art
FUNCTIONS OF ART
A. AS A THERAPY
In its therapeutic function, art can be and is
used as therapy for individuals with a variety of
illnesses, both physical and mental.
B. ART AS ARTIFACT
Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a
particular time and place, an artwork represents
the ideas and technology of that specific time
and place. As we look back over history, we find
in art striking, and in some cases, the only,
tangible records of some peoples. The insights
we gain into cultures, including our own are
enhanced tremendously by such artifacts as
paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and
buildings.
Ex. Chinese Ming dynasty period between 1368
-1644
C. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART
The personal functions of art are varied and
highly subjective. This means that its function
depend on the person the artist who created
the art.
• Self-expression or gratification
D. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
Art is considered to have a social function if and
when it addresses a particular collective interest
as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is
a very common example of an art with a social
function. Art may convey message of protest,
contestation, or whatever message the artist
intends his work to carry.
• Influence social behavior.
•Display and celebration
E. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART
The physical functions of art are the easiest to
spot and understand. The physical functions of
art can be found in artworks that are crafted in
order to serve some physical purpose.
• Form and function
•Architecture
The SUBJECT OF ART
landscapes
still life
portraits
Subject
refers to the visual focus or the image that may
be extracted from examining the artwork.
• What?
Content
is the meaning that is communicated by the
artist or the artwork.
• Why?
THE SUBJECT
• matter to be described or portrayed by the
artist
• may be a person, object, scene or event
• classified by: TYPE, SOURCE and KIND
TYPE
1. Representational Art or Objective Art
• represent objects that are commonly
recognized by most people
• attempt to copy something that is real
• images need not be true to life but it must
clearly represent or be recognizable
• uses form
• concerned with what is to be depicted
2. Non Representational Art or Non Objective
Art
• Art without any reference to any objects in
our world
• Abstract so no recognizable objects
• It uses content
• concerned with how the artwork is depicted
SOURCE 5. Cityscape

1. Nature
2. Religion
3. History
4. Greek and Roman Mythology
5. Fantasy
6. Emotion
6. Portraiture
KIND
1. Still life
• nonmoving, nonliving objects
• usually set indoors
• contains at least one man made object

7. Genre

2. Animals

8. Visionary Expression

3. Landscape

4. Seascape The CONTENT IN ART

Levels of meaning

Factual
Pertains to the most rudimentary level of
meaning for it may be extracted from the
identifiable or recognizable forms in the
artwork and understanding how these elements
relate to on another.
Conventional
meaning on the other hand, pertains to the
acknowledged interpretation of the artwork
using motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers
as bases of its meaning. These conventions are
established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its
viewers or audience and scholars who study
then.
Subjective
when subjectivities are consulted, a variety of
meaning may arise when a particular work of
art is read. These meaning stem from the
viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that come
into play when engaging with art.
L4: Artist & Artisan
ARTIST
•A person with talent
•Have skills to conceptualize
•Make creative work
•Dedicated to the creative and aesthetic side
•Only for the enjoyment and appreciation of
the viewer
ARTISAN
•A manual worker who makes items in his/her
hand.
• Through skill, experience and talent can
create things of great value as well as being
functional.
What is the difference between Artist and
Artisan?
Definitions of Artist and Artisan:
• Artist: An artist is a person who performs any
of the creative arts.
• Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who
makes things by hand.
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan:
Artistic Value:
• Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
• Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
Functional Value:
• Artist: The object has no functional value.
• Artisan: The object has a functional value.
Object:
• Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value
and is appreciated for this quality as it pleases
the individual.
• Artisan: The object though utilitarian has
certain aesthetic attributes to it.
Cologne Cathedral in Germany
• An examples of early Gothic architecture.
•This is also a collaboration between the artist
who made the design and the Artisan who help
in the construction of the whole building.
Artisan and Guilds
• These guilds where towns had formalized
groups of artisans or craftsmen who took on a
particular specialization or trade; shoemakers,
textile and glass workers, carpenters, carvers,
masons, armorers, and weapon-makers, among
others. Here, the practice of artists was not
grounded on the idea of individual capacities or
success; rather, in the commitment to work
together as a collective.
• Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an
association structured with rules, customs,
rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime
commitment to a particular trade, an artisans
develops immense skill and expertise in his
craft.
PHILIPPINE Artisans
• Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay,
Bohol.
• Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans
to carve, paint, and engrave images for
churches and public sites.
What is an Art Curator?
Art curators are employed by museums and art
galleries to design, develop and manage
installations and exhibits. This requires them to
acquire works of art, ensure proper storage and
help maintain museum collections. Art curators
typically specialize in specific areas of art, like
Western, Asian or contemporary art. The job
duties of a curator are vast. They may put on
public events like lectures and workshops, write
grants and conduct fundraising activities. In
addition, they conduct research projects and
write papers for publication.
Role of an Art Curator?
The role of the curator is more of the
interpretation and development of the
artwork(s) or the collection(s) through
establishing the significance, relationship, and
relevance of these materials----in isolation
and/or as part of a wider narrative. Some of the
roles expected of curators are the ability to
research and write, as an arbiter of design and
layout, and deciding for the display and hanging
of materials foe exhibition.
FILM MAKING
Production Process
(1) preproduction.
(2) production, and
(3) postproduction.
National Commission for Culture and
the Arts (NCCA) formulates and
implements policies and plans that will
conserve and promote the nation's historical
and cultural heritage.
2 Major Awards given to artist in the
Philippines are:
1. Order of National Artist (Pambansang Alagad
ng Sining)
2. National Living Treasures Award (Gawad sa
Manlilikha ng Bayan GAMABA)
• Order of National Artists - is the highest
national recognitions given to Filipino
individuals who have made significant
contributions to the development of Philippine
arts; namely, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual arts,
Literature, film, broadcast arts, and architecture
and allied arts.
The order is jointly administered by the
National Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP) conferred by the President of
the Philippines upon recommendation by both
institutions.
Criteria for the National Artists of the
Philippines
•Must be a Filipino citizen;
•Work has contributed to nation-building;
•Their distinctive style and pioneering works
impacts succeeding generations of artist;
•There is excellence in the practice of their art
form;
•Their art form enriches artistic expression or
style; and
•Their work is prestigious national and
international recognition.
The National Living Treasures Award (Gawad
sa Manlilikha ng Bayan GAMABA) -created in
1902
• A “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen
engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino
whose distinctive skills have reached such a
high level of technical and artistic excellence
and have been passed on to and widely
practiced by the present generation in his/her
community with the same degree of technical
and artistic competence” (NCCA,2015). This
artists’ practice may fall under the following
categories: folk, architecture, maritime
transport, weaving, carving, performing arts,
literature, graphic and plastic art, ornament,
textile or fiber art, pottery and other artistic
expressions of traditional culture.
1. is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional
cultural community anywhere in the Philippines
that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs,
rituals and traditions and/or has syncretized
whatever external elements that have
influenced it.
2. must have engaged in a folk art tradition that
has been in existence and documented for at
least 50 years.
3. must have consistently performed or
produced over a significant period, works of
superior and distinctive quality.
4. must possess a mastery of tools and
materials needed by the art, and must have an
established reputation in the art as master and
maker of works of extraordinary technical
quality.
5. must have passed on and/or will pass on too
their members of the community their skills in
the folk art for which the community is
traditionally known.
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA) Awardees
GINAW BILOG
Poet - Oriental Mindoro
MASINO INTARAY
Musician, Story teller – Palawan
SAMAON SULAIMAN
Musician – Maguindanao
LANG DULAY
Textile Weaver - South Cotabato
SALINTA MONON
Textile Weaver - Davao del Sur
DARHATA SAWABI
Textile Weaver – Sulu
MAGDALENA GAMAYO
Textile Weaver – Ilocos Norte
AMBALANG AUSALIN
Textile Weaver - Basilan
ALONZO SACLAG
Musician, Dancer – Kalinga
FEDERICO CABALLERO
Epic Chanter – Iloilo
UWANG AHADAS
Musician – Basilan
EDUARDO MUTUC
Metalsmith – Pampanga
HAJA AMINA APPI
Mat Weaver - Tawi-Tawi
ESTELITA BANTILAN
Mat Weaver - South Cotabato
TEOFILO GARCIA
Casque Maker – Abra
YABING MASALON DULO
Ikat Weaver - South Cotabato
Philippine Heritage Awards
- is a conservation recognition program
conferred by the President of the
Philippines, upon the recommendation of
the NCCA, for special achievements and
important contributions and services in the
area of heritage preservation and
conservation efforts.
Category: Adaptive Reuse
Palacio de Memoria -Located along Roxas
Boulevard in Parañaque City. The
picturesque pre-war mansion was restored
by the Lhuillier family, who are committed
to showcase the Filipino culture, arts, and
history.
Category: Heritage Education and
Interpretation
The Kagikan Project -made by the LGU of
Tagum City in Davao del Norte. This project
focuses on tracing the roots and history of
Tagum City through the Kagikan Museum
and the Tagum City Library and Learning
Commons.
Partners for Indigenous Knowledge
Philippines (PIKP) project in Cordillera -
responded to the need for relevant and
accurate educational materials on
indigenous peoples to be able to support
indigenous elders, women, and youth in the
Cordillera.
• Heirloom Recipes of the Cordillera
L5: The Elements of Visual Arts
The elements of art are the visual components
which are required to create a work of art.
Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art
can help any artist to create a well-balanced
and beautiful designs.
To develop a more thorough understanding of
artistic composition, one must learn how to
examine and utilize the various art elements.
Vertical lines – are poised for action. They are
poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They
express an impression of dignity.
Only vertical lines can be used to express an
orderly feeling.
Horizontal lines – are lines of repose and
serenity. They express ideas of calmness and
quiescence.
Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of
peacefulness and stillness.

Diagonal lines - are used to create feelings of

The Elements of Visual Arts
movement or action.
1. Lines
Curved lines - sometimes referred as S curves,
2. Colors
suggest gracefulness or sexiness. If you want to
3. Texture
photograph S curves, the human body makes
4. Perspective
for a wonderful subject. From the arch of a foot
5. Space
to the curve of a neck, you can find many ways
6. Form
to capture curved leading lines by
7. Volume
photographing the human form.
Line It is up to the artist how he conveys his
is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or message, in the best way possible through the
outline. It can create texture and can be thick use of lines.
and thin. Types of line can include actual,
implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and 3 Main Types of Lines
contour line.
Repetition – occurs when two or more lines are
• is an important element at the disposal of drawn within a corner following the lines of the
every artist. corner.

• always has direction, always moving. Contrast - Lines that are in opposition to each
other form a contrast.
• as used in any work of art, may either be
straight or curved. Transition line - is a line that connects two
workflow elements. Transition lines allow you
• A line can be used to express various things or
to define what the next step in a workflow will
feelings; it can be used to show various moods
be.
or anything abstract.
Color
4 Kinds of LINES
refers to the visual perception of light being
Vertical lines
reflected from a surface of an artwork.
Horizontal lines
Diagonal lines In the most basic classification, colors can be
Curved lines divided into 3 groups:
• primary
• secondary
• tertiary
A color wheel is an abstract illustrative
organization of color hues around a circle that
shows relationships between primary,
secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.
Attributes of Color
• Hue - is the term for the pure spectrum colors
commonly referred to by the "color names" -
red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which
appear in the hue circle or rainbow.
Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three
basic hues, known as primaries.
• Value - refers to the lightness or darkness of
a color. It is the quality which depends on the
amount of light and dark in color.
Intensity - refers to the brightness or darkness
of color. It gives color strength. When a hue is
vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity. When
it is dulled, it is said to be partly neutralized.
• Tints are values above the normal
• Tone are normal
• Shades are values below the normal.
Texture
➢ is the element that deals more directly with
the sense of touch.
➢ applies to how an object feels or appears to
feel.
➢rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull,
plain or irregular.
Implied texture - expresses the idea of how a
surface might feel. For example, a painting of a
blanket might convey the idea that the blanket
is soft.
Actual texture - on the other hand, is texture
that can actually be felt. For example, a ceramic
bowl might feature a carved texture that could
be felt when holding that bowl.
Perspective
deals with the effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects, by means of which the
eye judges spatial relationships.
2 Kinds of Perspective
• Linear perspective – is the representation of
an appearance of distance by means of
converging lines.
• It has to do with the direction of lines and
with the size of objects.
• Aerial perspective - is the representation of
relative distances of objects by gradations of
tone or color.
• Objects become fainter in the distance due
to the effect of the atmosphere. Objects
appear to be lighter in color as they recede into
the distance or atmosphere.
Space
as an element of art, refers to distances or
areas around, between or within components
of a piece.
• Space can be positive (white or light) or
negative (black or dark), open or closed, shallow
or deep and two dimensional or three
dimensional.
• Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece,
but the illusion of it is.
2 Kinds of Space
Positive space – the areas in a work of art that
are the subjects, or areas of interest.
Negative space – areas around the subjects, or
areas of interest.
Form (SHAPE)
applies to the over-all design of a work of art.
• It describes the structure or shape of an
object.
• only applied to those artworks that are three-
dimensional

2 Kinds of Forms

➢ Geometric Forms

➢ Organic Forms

KENNETH COBONPUE’S DESIGNS

• Knottee hanging lamp at Hive
• Croissant sofa
• Yin Yang Chair
• Amaya Coffee Table

Volume
refers to the amount of space occupied in
three dimensions.
• It refers to solidity or thickness.