1.

What condition might Anna have that is characterized by a low erythrocytes count and hemoglobin
level?

 Ana has a condition anemia a chronic disease or called as erythrocytopenia that is characterized
due to the deficient of required number of circulating erythrocyte (red blood cells) count
throughout the body and a low percentage of hemoglobin level. Moreover, Ana had anemia in
her body since it doesn't produce enough solid red blood cells to adequately supply oxygen to
the tissues. If this will continue it will range to the long term severe complication which
associated such as pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, and autoimmune hemo- lytic anemia
that are more likely to occur.

2. What are the major functions of erythrocytes, and what vital pigment do erythrocytes contain?

 The prime function of red blood cell or erythrocytes is responsible to carry nutrients,
electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and immune cells (cells that fight infection)
and deliver inhaled oxygen from the lungs to transport human tissues and various cells
throughout the rest of the bodies. As oxygen is converted into energy, carbon dioxide is
released or drop off by tissues. Then, as a waste product of metabolism, they travel back, taking
carbon dioxide from the tissues and returning to the lungs for exhalation. Hemoglobin (Hgb) is
an extremely crucial protein in the red blood cells.It is also the pigment that gives RBCs or
erythrocytes their red color.The iron-containing pigment that allows red blood cells to carry high
concentrations of oxygen to the tissues. More notably, erythrocytes' distinct disc shape and
pliable nature ability that allow them to successfully navigate the capillaries (the smallest blood
vessels) and optimize surface area for maximum gas exchange.

3. Why do women tend to have a lower erythrocyte count and hemoglobin level than men?

 More red blood cells are present in women's microvasculature than in men's at the same
venous level. Additionally, women have lower red cell mass due to increased tissue oxygenation
efficiency per unit red cell mass and because women lose too much iron during pregnancy
(about 500 mg). Women's mean levels are 12% lower than those of men. The branchial artery
fibromuscular dysplasia is impacted by sex and the menstrual cycle, as seen by the hemoglobin
level. It is probably a direct effect of sex hormones, both estrogen and androgens, on the bone
marrow in conjunction with erythropoietin. The amount of blood lost throughout a long period
of menstruation varies significantly, ranging from 10 to 250 mL (4-100 milligrams of iron). There
iron losses in women double their need to absorb iron in comparison to men, on the
contrary,men have slightly higher concentration of hemoglobin which is assumed due to the
stimulatory effect of androgens on the bone marrow.

4. What general symptoms do individuals with this condition tend to develop?

When individual is anemic the most common symptom of anemia that may experience
extreme tiredness or fatigue, which is caused by a low red blood cell count, but some other
symptoms include pale or yellowish skin, frailty, difficulty breathing, chest pain, drowsiness or
nausea, difficulty concentrating. Anemia affects all components of the body because it is
deficient in oxygen. Additionally, orthostatic hypotension or drop of blood pressure , loss of
appetite, irregular heartbeat, irritability, cold hands or feet, pounding or "whooshing" in your ears
might occur.

https://www.ukneqash.org/download/175/
UKNEQASHaematologySymposium2014Thesexdifferenceinhaemoglobinlevelsinadults-
Mechanismscausesandconsequences-WilliamGMurphy#:~:text=Women%20have%20lower%20red
%20cell,per%20unit%20red%20cell%20mass.