GE 6
1. Physical Function
Art Appreciation
MODULE 1: UNDERSTANDING
HUMANITIES & ART APPRECIATION
Lesson 1: Humanities and Art Appreciation
RELEVANCE OF ART APPRECIATION
It fosters an understanding of diverse cultures and
histories, enriching our emotional and intellectual
perspectives. It also nurtures critical thinking,
empathy, and aesthetic sensitivity, vital for holistic
personal development and societal cohesion.
• Art is Everywhere
- Tangible and Intangible
• Art is Relative
•Appreciation - what you find aesthetically pleasing,
others may not.
•Comprehension and Understanding - we
comprehend and understand things based on our own
experiences.
•Expression - while self-expression can be a collective
experience, it will always be unique.
ART AND PHILOSOPHY
Studying art and philosophy deepens our
understanding of human expression and the profound
questions of existence, promoting critical thinking and
cultural literacy.
CREATIVITY AND IMAGINATION
• Imagination - the ability to visualize and conceive
ideas, scenarios, or images in the mind without direct
sensory input.
• Creativity - the act of turning original ideas into
reality, often producing something new or unique.
Lesson 2: Basic Assumptions, Functions and
Nature of Arts
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE ARTS
Assumption - something that is accepted as true or as
certain to happen, it is something that you accept as
true without question.
• Art has been created by all people at all times.
• Art involves experience
- Relatability plays a huge role in art appreciation
• Art is not nature: nature is not art
- The enhanced beauty and artistry of nature, then,
can be classified as an art. Nature can be enhanced by
man.
• Art is Cultural
- Art only becomes cultural when it depicts people's
way of life, religious practices, and traditions, etc.
• Art is Subjective
- Different experiences produce different
interpretations for various works of art.
FUNCTIONS OF ART
It normally falls into three categories:
- often the easiest to understand and these are works
of art that are created to perform service, and could be
understood when looking into form and function,
architecture, and community planning.
• Form and Function
- the function of an object is generally essential in
the basic form that it takes.
• Architecture
- the layout of a space is determined primarily by
its operational function.
• Community Planning
- involves the efficient organization of buildings,
roads, and spaces so that they meet the physical and
aesthetic needs of the community.
2. Personal Function
- To create out of a need for self-expression, or
gratification.
- To communicate a thought or point to the viewer.
- To provide an aesthetic experience, both for seld and
viewers and to merely entertain others.
• Expressive art therapy is the use of creative arts as a
form of therapy.
3. Social Function
- are those that go beyond personal intrinsic value to
art's social benefits. Most often it is constructed with
the intention of sharing responses to and opinions
about life with others.
• Art enriches, informs, and questions our world. It
can have powerful transformative, preservative and
restorative effects within a society as well.
NATURE OF ARTS
1. Art is a diverse range of human activities
This emphasizes the broad and varied nature of
artistic expression. It acknowledges that art
encompasses a wide spectrum of creative
activities undertaken by humans.
This understanding of art highlights its capacity to
transcend boundaries and capture the complexity of
the human experience.
2. Art represents reality
Representation is the use of signs that stand in for and
take the place of something else. It is through
representation that people organize the world and
reality through their art. Art represents the mind’s eye.
3. Art is an expression
The expression contained in the form of art is an
attempt to translate the unnamed and the unknown.
Intrinsic to our existence as humans is our quest to
create meaning, and art allows that process to take
place. Making meaning involves understanding our
surroundings and marking our experiences.
4. Art serves as a means of communicating emotions
Art is an act of expressing feelings, thoughts, and
observations of human conditions.
A fundamental purpose common to most art forms is
the underlying intention to appeal to, and connect
with, human emotion.

5. Art matters
The arts matter because it allows us to express
ourselves and to illustrate and preserve the world
around us in a different light, helping us to gain
understanding of people and society, and give hope
while living in this world.
6. Art is universal
Art is everywhere and it is embedded into the way of
life of the people.
7. Art is creation
It is the combination of already existing material
elements into new forms which become the realization
of a preconceived idea or imagination.
Art is the making of a new thing in response to a
sense of need.
Lesson 3 : The Visual Arts
VISUAL ARTS
Visual Arts
- is a broad spectrum of creative expressions that
primarily engage the sense of sight.
PURPOSE OF VISUAL ARTS
1. Expression
- Artists use visual arts as a means of personal
expression, conveying their thoughts, feelings,
and perspectives.
2. Communication
- Visual arts serve as apowerful tool for
communicating ideas, narratives, and cultural
values.
3. Aesthetics
- Visual arts contribute to the creation of
beauty, stimulating the senses and prompting
contemplation.
4. Reflection
- Art often reflects the social, political, and
cultural context in which it is created,
providing insights into the intellectual, moral,
and cultural climate of an era.
VISUAL ARTS mainly include:
1. Fine Arts
- encompass traditional artistic disciplines
created for aestheticappreciationand intellectual
stimulation.
Methods: Painting, sculpture, drawing, printmaking,
and traditional forms of artistic expression.
Focus: Emphasis on creativity, individual expression,
and mastery of techniques.
Purpose: Often seeks to evoke emotions, convey
complex ideas, and engage with artistic traditions.
2. Contemporary Arts
- reflects the art of the present time, characterized
by a diverse range of mediums and styles.
Methods: Includes painting, sculpture, digital art,
performance art, and multimedia installations.
Focus: Embraces experimentation, challenges
conventions, and often addresses current social and
cultural issues.
Purpose: Explores new ideas, materials, and
approaches, pushing the boundaries of artistic
expression.
3. Decorative Arts and Crafts
- Focuses on the creation of functional and
aesthetically pleasing objects for everyday use.
Methods: Pottery, ceramics, textiles, furniture,
jewelry, and other applied arts.
Focus: Marries artistic expression with utility, often
rooted in traditional craftsmanship.
Purpose: Combines beauty and practicality, with an
emphasis on skillful craftsmanship and design.
4. Digital Arts
Involves the use of digital technology for artistic
creation, including digital painting, 3D modeling, and
interactive installations.
5. Street Art and Graffiti
Often characterized by its public and spontaneous
nature, challenging traditional art spaces and engaging
with a broader audience.
6. Installation Art
Immersive, three-dimensional artworks created for
specific spaces, often pushing the boundaries of the
traditional gallery experience.
7. Performance Art
Incorporates live actions and events, blurring the lines
between visual arts and performing arts.
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE ARTS
• Art as Mimesis (Plato)
In Plato's philosophy, art is viewed as a form of
mimesis, or imitation. He expresses concerns about
the deceptive nature of art, suggesting that artists
create a mere copy of the physical world, which is itself
an imperfect reflection of the realm of
ideal forms.
According to Plato, the ultimate reality lies in these
abstract, timeless, and unchanging forms. He believed
that the emotional responses triggered by art might
lead individuals away from rational
contemplation and philosophical introspection.
•Art as Representation (Aristotle)
Art imitates nature but argues that it serves a
valuable purpose in providing emotional catharsis and
allowing viewers to understand and navigate their own
emotions.
Aristotle recognizes the therapeutic and educational
aspects of art. He believes that art can be a powerful
tool for emotional expression and
that it can contribute to the moral and intellectual
development of individuals.
• Art for Art's Sake (Kant)
Immanuel Kant emphasizes the autonomy of aesthetic
experience. He argues that the value of art lies in its
ability to evoke a disinterested, contemplative
pleasure, divorced from practical or moral
considerations.
Art serves as a source of aesthetic pleasure, and its
significance is found in the subjective experience of the
viewer. Art is not a means to an end or a reflection of
reality but an end in itself, providing a unique
aesthetic experience.
THE SUBJECT OF ART
Refers to any person, object, scene or event described
or represented in a work of art.
• Representational Art
- Also known as OBJECTIVE ART, this aims to
depict recognizable objects, scenes, or figures
from the observable world. The representation
in the artwork often resembles the physical
appearance of the subjects.
- Artists working in a representational style
strive for a degree of realism or naturalism.
- The purpose of representational art can vary,
from storytelling and capturing visual reality
to conveying specific emotions or ideas
through recognizable imagery.
- Portraits that realistically capture the likeness
of individuals
- Realistic landscapes
• Non-representational Art
- Also known as NON-OBJECTIVE or abstract
art, this focuses on conveying emotions,
concepts, or formal elements without direct
reference to reality.
- Artists working in a non-representational style
often use shapes, colors, lines, and forms to
create compositions that are not tied to specific,
identifiable objects. The emphasis is on the visual
language itself rather than representing external
reality.
- Non-representational art may aim to evoke
emotional responses, explore formal elements
like color and composition, or challenge
traditional artistic conventions. It allows for a
more subjective and open interpretation by
the viewer.
- Abstract paintings that use shapes, colors,
and lines to create a composition without
identifiable objects.
- Geometric abstraction, where artists use
geometric shapes as the primary visual
elements.
- Non-objective sculptures that prioritize form
and structure over representational content.
THE MEANING OF ART
• FACTUAL Meaning of Art
It is in Art’s Nature to be defined as a diverse range of
human activities involving the creation of visual,
auditory, or performance artifacts that express the
creator's imagination, skill, and intended purpose.
Objective Elements:
Certain aspects of art can be objectively described,
such as the use of specific materials, techniques, and
styles. For example, a painting may use oil on canvas,
or a sculpture may be carved from marble.
• CONVENTIONAL Meaning of Art
- The meaning of art is often influenced by cultural
conventions and historical contexts.
- Conventions dictate what is considered art within a
particular society at a given time.
Artistic Movements:
Conventional aspects of art are also associated with
specific movements or styles, like Renaissance art,
Abstract Expressionism, or Pop Art. These conventions
provide a framework for understanding and
categorizing artistic expressions.
•SUBJECTIVE Meaning of Art
- Art is inherently subjective, and its meaning can vary
from person to person. Each viewer brings their own
experiences, emotions, and perspectives to the
interpretation of an artwork.
- The subjective meaning of art often lies in the
personal connection individuals feel with the work. It
can evoke emotions, challenge beliefs, or offer unique
insights based on the viewer's subjective
experiences.
INTERACTION OF DIMENSIONS
Overlap:
While there are factual and conventional elements in
art, the subjective dimension plays a crucial
role. Even with in cultural conventions, individuals
may interpret and experience art in highly personal
ways.
Dynamic Nature:
The meaning of art is dynamic, evolving with time,
cultural shifts, and individual growth. A work of art
may hold different meanings for the same person at
different stages of their life.
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MODULE 2: ELEMENTS OF ART &
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Lesson 1: The Artist and the Artisan
ARTIST
- A person who performs all forms of creative arts. An
artist creates art for the sake of art itself - without
needing any ulterior motives.
Importance:
Artists are important members in the society because charcoal sticks.
they help us envision our thoughts that may not be Ink: Drawing with various types of ink, such as pen
tolerated in the social and political paradigm of our and ink wash.
society.
2. PAINTING
Highly-known Artists Oil Paint: Using pigments suspended in oil, typically
linseed oil.
•Vincent Van Gogh Acrylic Paint: Using water-based acrylic paint that
Dutch post-impressionist painter who is among the dries quickly.
most famous and influential figures in the history of Watercolor: Using water-soluble pigments on paper.
western art.
3. SCULPTING
• Michaelangelo Clay: Sculpting with natural or synthetic clay.
Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the Stone: Carving sculptures from various types of
High Renaissance era. Born in the republic of stone.
Florence, Italy, he exerted an unparalleled influence on Metal: Welding or casting sculptures from
the development of western art. metals like bronze or steel.

4. PHOTOGRAPHY
ARTISAN Digital Photography: Capturing images with digital
- is a worker who practices a trade or a craft. It is cameras.
synonymous to a craftsman. Analog Photography: Using film cameras
- Artisans became prevalent during the Middle Ages. and darkroom processes.
They come in the form of guilds such as shoemakers,
textiles, glass workers, carpenters, carvers, masons, 5. DIGITAL ART
armor or weapon makers, among others. Digital Painting: Creating paintings using graphic
software and tablets.
• GUILDS are a type of social fellowship - an 3D Modeling: Constructing three- dimensional virtual
association with structured rules, customs, rights, and objects or scenes.
responsibilities.
6. MIXED MEDIA
Soon, a craft master will hire an apprentice who will Combining Various Mediums:
learn his/her craft and carry his legacy on way beyond Using multiple materials and techniques in a single
the time of his/her own existence. artwork.

Importance:
Artisans, through their skills, make and install things • Prominent Techniques in Visual Arts
that can be used at homes, offices, and other
industries. 1. Pencil Techniques

They enable people who are not financially buoyant or
academically sound to be useful to themselves, their
families, and the society through learning vocational
and technical skills.
ARTIST VS. ARTISAN
An ARTIST is dedicated only to the creative side,
making visually pleasing work (sometimes not)for the
enjoyment and appreciation of the viewer - but usually
with no functional value.
An ARTISAN is essentially a manual worker who
makes items with his order own hands - and who
through skill, experience, and talent, can create things
of great beauty and function.
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES IN ART
- A medium is the material which the artist uses to
communicate and translate his feelings.
- A technique on the other hand, refers to the manner
in which the artist controls his medium to achieve the
desired effect.
•Prominent Mediums in Visual Arts
a. Hatching / Cross-hatching
Using parallel or intersecting lines to create shading
and texture.
b. Stippling
Adding dots to add shading and depth, similar to
hatching or cross-hatching. The closer the dots, the
deeper the effect.
c. Scribbling
Erratic, uneven and definitely not straight lines within
the piece. Using random movements across the paper
will result in a deconstructed image, and
the more irregular lines created closer together, the
darker it will appear.
d. Circling
is a shading technique that uses small circles to create
darker areas on a drawing. This is done by placing a
series of small circles close together on the paper. The
closer the circles are, the
darker the shading will be.
e. Blending
Using your finger or a rolled-up piece of paper to blend
in hatching or cross-hatching, this will give your
sketch a smoother appearance.

1. DRAWING
Graphite Pencils: Drawing with pencils made of
graphite and clay.
Charcoal: Using charred wood or compressed 2. Painting Techniques

a. Brushwork
Dry Brush: Using a dry brush with minimal paint to
create a scratchy or textured effect.
Wet Brush: Applying wet paint with a brush for
smoother and more blended strokes.
b. Impasto
Applying thick layers of paint to create a textured
surface.
c. Splattering
Flicking or splattering paint on to the canvas for a
spontaneous and textured look.
d. Oil Painting
Uses slow-drying paint made from pigment suspended
in oil, typically linseed. This medium allows for rich
color, blending, and layering. It's known for its depth
and luminosity.
e. Watercolor Painting
Utilizes pigments suspended in a water-based
solution. It's characterized by its transparency and
fluidity, often giving a soft, light-filled appearance to
artworks.
f. Acrylic Painting
A modern, fast-drying paint made of pigment
suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion. It can mimic
both oil and watercolor techniques but is
known for its versatility and durability.
g. Fresco
An ancient technique where pigments are applied on
wet plaster. As the plaster dries, the painting becomes
an integral part of the wall, resulting in long-lasting
artworks seen in many historical sites
Lesson 2: Elements and Principles
ELEMENTS OF ART
(Line, Shape, Form, Color, Value, Texture, Space)
The elements of art are fundamental concepts that
serve as the building blocks for creating artwork.
1. Line
A continuous mark made on a surface. It can vary in
width, direction, and length.
are versatile elements that can convey various
emotions and ideas based on their characteristics.
a. Horizontal Lines
Suggest a feeling of rest or repose because objects
parallel to the earth are at rest. These lines can convey
stability, horizontality, and tranquility.
b. Vertical Lines
Stand upright against gravity, conveying feelings of
grandeur, height, and spirituality.
c. Diagonal Lines
These lines convey a sense of movement, tension, or
direction. They often suggest instability or
dynamic action.
d. Zigzag Lines
These are a series of diagonal lines. They convey
excitement, unrest, or confusion due to their active
nature.
e. Curved Lines
Lines that convey a sense of softness, grace, and fluid
movement. They can be perceived as more natural and
relaxed compared to straight lines.
2. Shape
A two-dimensional area defined by boundaries. Shapes
can be geometric (like squares and circles) or organic
(irregular or freeform).
a. Geometric Shapes
Regular, predictable, and often found in human-made
environments.
Usage: They are often employed in art and design to
convey order, simplicity, and efficiency.
b. Organic Shapes
Unpredictable, free-form, and often found in nature.
Usage: They are commonly used in art to represent
natural elements, convey fluidity, spontaneity, or to
create a more relaxed and approachable feeling.
3. Form
Describes three-dimensional objects and implies
volume and space. It's essentially the 3D version of a
shape.
4. Color
Refers to the spectrum of light.
Color has three main characteristics:
Hue(name of the color),
Value (lightness or darkness),
and Intensity (brightness or dullness).
• Primary Colors
Red, Blue, and Yellow
• Secondary Colors
Orange, Green, Violet
• Tertiary Colors
Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green, Blue-
Green, Blue-Violet, and Red Violet
5. Value
Refers to the range of lightness to darkness in a
piece. Value helps create depth and dimension.
6. Texture
Refers to the perceived surface quality or feel of an
artwork, either actual (tactile) or implied (visual).
7. Space
Pertains to the area around, between, or within
components of an artwork. It can be positive (the main
focus) or negative (the background or empty areas).
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Rules or guidelines to be followed in order to create
an effective composition that clearly delivers a
message to its audience.
1. Balance
Refers to the distribution of visual weight in a design.
Balance can be symmetrical (even distribution) or
asymmetrical (uneven distribution but still achieving a
sense of equilibrium).
2. Contrast
The comparison of differing elements of design (e.g.,
dark vs. light, rough vs. smooth). Contrast captures
attention and can emphasize or
highlight key areas.
The Rule of Thirds helps create balance by avoiding a
symmetrical placement of subjects. Visual elements
are distributed across the
frame, providing a harmonious composition.
Avoiding Centrality:
By placing the main subject away from the center, the
composition becomes more dynamic and engaging. It
prevents the image from feeling static or predictable.

- COMPLEMENTARY COLORS
Are colors sitting directly opposite of each other in
the color wheel/triad.

3. Emphasis
Focuses attention on a particular area or object
within a design, making it the dominant feature.

4. Pattern
is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the
work of Art.

5. Rhythm
A regular repetition of elements to produce the look
and feel of movement. Rhythm can be regular and
orderly or more random and spontaneous.

6. Unity
The sense of harmony and wholeness, achieved by
using similar elements throughout the design and
making everything feel connected and in harmony.

7. Variety
The use of different elements to create interest and
contrast. While unity brings things together, variety
spreads them out for diversity.

8. Proportion/Scale
Refers to the relative size and scale of the various
elements in a design. Proportion ensures that the
elements look right together in relation to one another.

Lesson 3 : Reading Image and Rule of Thirds

READING IMAGE
Reading an image refers to the process of interpreting
and understanding visual information presented in a
visual artwork, photograph, or any other visual
medium.

It involves analyzing the elements and principles of

visual design, as well as considering the context,
cultural influences, and the artist's intent

RULE OF THIRDS
is a fundamental compositional guideline used in
visual arts and photography. It is a simple yet powerful
tool that helps create balanced, visually appealing, and
dynamic compositions.

Grid Structure:
The image is divided into nine equal parts with two
horizontal and two vertical lines, creating a grid.
Four points of intersection on the grid are key areas of
visual interest.