UNIT I.

THE IMPORTANCE, MEANING, AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

Overview

This unit addresses the importance of art in our everyday life as part of a complex
society and as an integral mode of expression and communication. Art’s meaning covers its
etymological to modern sense, and how it is perceived by man variable and relative from a
person, time, and location. The assumptions discuss the principles and sources of art
appreciation and set the margin and boundary of accountability and duty to achieve what
man is capable of doing.

Learning Objectives

At the end of the unit, I am able to:

1. understand and realize the importance of arts in daily life
2. explain the meaning of arts and the different assumptions on arts
3. differentiate the philosophical perspectives of arts
4. explain the nature and the various functions of arts
5. identify the different classification of arts

Setting Up
Motive Questions
Name: _
Score: Course/Year/Section: _ Date:

Direction: Answer the following questions concisely.

1. How do you define the ART? In your opinion, is there a universal meaning of this
term? Why?

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 2. What can and cannot be considered art? Justify your answer.

Lesson Proper

THE IMPORTANCE OF ART

There is no question of the assumption that arts have never been more important to
our society, and that they should be completely incorporated into our lives, our community
and the whole of education.

Art is important because…

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 it is a component of
dynamic civilization

it is an essential form of
it enhances daily
expression and
experiences
communication

it develops the intellect of

younger generation to
build up positive
character and appreciate
natural aesthetics

MEANING OF ART

The word art also rooted in the 13th-

century French word art, which means “skill as a
result of learning or practice,” and the Latin word
ars, meaning “ability or practical skills”. In
Medieval Latin, ars meant “any special form of
book learning such as grammar, logic, or
astronomy (Collingwood, 1983). Because of the
prominence of aesthetics, the study of beauty, in
the 17th century, art began to unfold from its
previous connotation of craftsmanship (Caslib,
Garing, and Casaul 2018). In the 18 th century, the
divide between fine arts and useful arts came to
be
known (Collingwood, 1983). Fine arts are those forms that were commonly be found in
galleries and museums: painting, sculpture, etc. Crafts are those art forms that had everyday
use: pottery, ceramics, copperware, wallpapers, jewelry, etc.
You can also describe art in three different ways

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Art is the skill of man to make things Art is the skill of man
Beautiful and stirring; it is as an to make things
Imagination and creativity. Beautiful and stirring
ability ; it is
Imagination and
creativity.

Art
as a as a
process product

Art involves activities creating Art is the completed work or Pictures and
unforgettable works final output

Definitions of Arts by Popular Thinkers

Plato “Art is that which brings life in harmony

with the beauty of the world”
John Dewey “Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind-
one that demands its own satisfaction and
fulfilling, a shaping of matter to new and
more significant form”
Oscar Wilde “Art is the most intense mode of
individualism that the world has known”
Elbert Hubbard “Art is not a thing; it is a way”
Nietzsche “Art is essentially the affirmation, the
blessing, and the deification of existence’.

The idea of art as a piece done with extraordinary craftsmanship was challenged by
artists in the 20 Century. Today the definition of art is continually being challenged by
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artists. Art is continuously expanding as innovation by artist progresses in the 21 st century.

Four Common Essentials of Art

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 1. Art has to be man-made
2. Art must be creative, not imitative
3. Art must benefit and satisfy a man
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium
Art History

It is a discipline of studying arts through the act. It involves dealing with objects and
works of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. In simple terms, the job of
art historians is to study visual and tangible objects humans make and map them in history
(Pooke & Newall, 2008).

In studying art history, historians ask a series of questions. Some of them are:

• Who made this? What was his intention in making it? Where and when was this
made? What was happening around the artist at the time?
• Who or what is the subject? How is the subject represented?
• How was this made? What style was used?
• How did the artist’s audience receive the work? What did it mean for them during
that time?

The Meaning of Humanities

The study of art belongs to the discipline of humanities. Questions puzzling the
existence of man have been asked since time immemorial: What am I? Why am I what I
am? Why am I in this world? And art, answering these question boils down as records of
man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself and about
life (Ortiz, Erestain, Guillermo, Montano & Pillar, 1976).

Humanities include literature, music and art. Through humanities, we learn what it
is to be human. In the 21st century, there is a focus on the study of science and
technology. Arts and humanities seem to belong to the past. The modern definition of
Humanities aims to shape our subjective energies (feelings, attitudes, aspirations) in
accordance with a particular view of the social world in which we dream, we act and
fulfill ourselves (Ortiz et al., 1976).

Art Appreciation

Art Appreciation is an attitude toward art. It allows us to understand deeply the

purpose of an artwork and recognize the beauty it possesses (Collins & Riley, 1931). Art
appreciation in the humanities is being able to look at a work of art and form a wise opinion
of the work. It is also having the knowledge, background and understanding of the universal
and timeless qualities that comprise all works of art. Art appreciation, therefore, deals with
the learning or understanding and creating artworks and enjoying them.

An artist explores an individual’s humanity: physical, emotional, psychological,

sociological and economic state - and create art out of these explorations. Thus, art becomes
the expression of the artist’s exploration of one’s humanity.
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Creativity

“Creation” in art refers to the act of combining or reordering already existing

materials so that a new object is formed. Thus, creativity in art involves skill and expertness
in handling materials and organizing them into new, structurally pleasing, and significant
units (Ferrer, et al., 2018). This is an imaginative characteristic developed in the course of
one's life to find solutions or express one's feelings. His continuing reactions to the changing
natural and social circumstances give birth to new ideas and new methods. Those, in turn,
use to resolve difficulties which in turn offer a solution to a dream, create art, or trigger
social change, the process of encounter with reality.

ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

1. Art is Universal

It is not only for concert halls, museums, or galleries; not only for those who
can afford to pay; not only for critics and scholars. Art is for everyone. Art is
everywhere, wherever people have lived together, art has arisen among them as a
language full of emotions and meaning. Art has no boundaries and rises above
traditions, races and civilizations. The desire to construct this language seems to be
universal, and art as a cultural force can be widespread and strong. It's eternal as it
goes beyond the span of our own life.

2. Art is Not Nature

Art is man-made; it is the development of a man who uses his analytical

ability and artistry to process and plan. Art is synthetic since it is either an imitation
or even an infringement of truth and nature. It is the expression of concepts,
thoughts and feelings that are expressed in an intellectual and innovative way.

3. Art involves Experience

Art is a reflection of our experience. It is seeking participation. Every art has

something to do with some physical content, a body or something beyond the body;
hence, the only way to find justification and affirmation is through immersion in the
arts. We can only appreciate art if we spend time looking at it, listening to it,
touching it, and feeling its presence.

Three major experiences of Art (for artist):

a. Experience that an artist wants to communicate

b. Experience in creating the artwork

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 c. Experience after creating the artwork

Audience Experience of Art:

a. Sensory Response
b. Emotional Response
c. Intellectual Response

4. Art as Expression

Art has grown out of man’s need to express himself. The personal and social
values of the artist and his penetrating psychological insights into human reality are
also conveyed through art. It uses symbols which organize into some
comprehensible equivalent of the experience that an artist is trying to convey. Art is
an expression of a general vision of the age in which it was created. An artist
becomes a kind of historian, recording in his/her work the attitudes and way of life
of his period.

5. Art as a form of Creation

As a creativity activity, art involves skill or expertness handling materials

and organizing them into new, structurally pleasing and significant units. It is a
planned activity that may be produced and executed by an individual or a team.

FUNCTIONS OF ART

Functional VS Non-Functional

Functional Art Non-Functional Art

Directly Useful Indirectly Useful
Architecture, weaving, furniture-making, Painting, Sculpture, literature, music,
industrial design, etc. theater, etc.

How does art serve us?

1. Personal

Art educates our

senses and sharpens our perception
of color, forms, textures, designs,
sounds, sounds, rhythms,
and harmonies in our
environment. It offers us fresh insights
into nature and human nature so that we
gain a better understanding of ourselves
Personal expression through mural painting (Adobo
and the world around us. Magazine, www.google.com)

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 2. Social

Art seeks to influence the collective behavior of

people. It is created to be seen or used primarily in
public situations and expresses or describes social
or collective aspects of existence or opposed to
individual and personal kinds of experiences.
Paintings, photographs, and cartoons have been
used to express humanitarian concerns as well as
ideological and political comment. In spreading
doctrine or teaching ideas, the arts
Float Parade during Panagbenga Festival at Baguio have been used in place or as a complement of the City
(Pilipinas Popcorn, www.google.com)
written word. Traditional arts play significant
functions in the rituals of communities. Commercial and advertising
art aims to affect the buying behavior of people. Art is used to commemorating
important personages in society. It is also linked to rituals, public celebrations such
as festivals. Artworks are vital historical documents. They describe aspects of
existence at certain periods in certain places of certain communities.
3. Physical

Tools and containers are objects which function to make our lives physically
comfortable. Designing functional objects involves the consideration of how it will
be used and its aesthetic look. Physical function encompasses the aesthetic function
through which art becomes influential for man to be aware of the beauty of nature.

BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ART

1. Art as Mimesis (Plato) - all artistic creation is a form of imitation: that which
really exists (in the “world of ideas”) is a type created by God; the concrete
things man perceives in his existence are shadowy representations of this ideal
type.

2. Art as Representation (Aristotle) - He recognized that literature is a

representation of life, yet also believed that representations intervene between
the viewer and the real. This creates worlds of illusion leading one away from
the "real things".

3. Art for Art’s Sake (Kant) - that art needs no justification, that it need serve no
political, didactic, or other ends. Art has its own reason of being.

4. Art as an Escape - the ritual of producing or making art touches the deepest
reaches of the mind and the essential dimension of the artistic creative process.

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 The sacred level of art not only transforms everything into art but also
transforms the artist at the very center of his or her being.

References

Collingwood. R. G. (1983). The Principles of Art. Read Books Ltd. Worcestershire Caslib,
B. N., Garing. D., Casaul, J. A. (2018). RBS Art Appreciation. Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Sampaloc Manila
Ortiz, M.A. Erestain T. Guillermo, A. Montano, M. Pillar, S. (1976). Art Perception and
Appreciation. Univeristy of the East and JMC Press, Inc.
Pooke, G., Newall, D. (2008). Art History: The Basics. Routledge. Oxon.
Kleiner, F.S. (2011) Gardiner’s Art Through the Ages: a Global History. 13 th Edition.
Wardsworth Cengage Learning, Boston
Ortiz, M.A. Erestain, T. Guilermo A. Montano, M., Pillar, S. (1976). “The nature of Art”. Art
perception and Appreciation. University of the East and JMC Press. Inc. pp. 5-14
Ranisan, W.K., Ferrer, M.C. D., Mangahas, T. L. S., Roldan, C., Antonio, M.T. Art
Appreciation: Malabon City. Mutya Publishing House Inc Electronic Sources:
https://frontlearners.com/blended/pluginfile.php/10364/mod_resource/content/3/index.
html
Assessing Learning

Activity 1

Name: _ Score:
Course/Year/Section: _ Date:

Direction: Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the
statement and write your answers on the space provided before the number.

1. These are the forms of art that were commonly found in galleries
and museums.

2. Art comes from the ancient Latin word, ars, meaning .

3. It involves skills and expertness in handling materials and

organizing them into new, structurally pleasing and significant units.

4. Aimed to shape our subjective energies in accordance with a

particular view of the social world.

5. These are the art forms that had everyday use.

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 6. It is a discipline of studying arts through the lens of history.

7. Refers to act of combining or reordering already existing materials

that a new object is formed.

8. It allows us to understand deeply the purpose of an artwork and

recognize its beauty it possesses.

9. People who study the visual and tangible objects humans make ad
map them in history.

_10. It becomes the expression of the individual’s exploration of

his/her own humanity.

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 Activity

Name: _ Score:
Course/Year/Section: _ Date:

Direction: Read each item carefully. Determine whether the statement is true or false. Write
T if the statement is true; F if false. Answers must be written on the space provided before
the number.
1. Humanities helps us to learn how and what it is to be human particularly in which we
dream, act and fulfil ourselves.

2. Making art is a human impulse. This is the reason why we have seen multiple examples
of art made from different parts of the globe.

3. In Classical period, the word art means “any special form of book learning such as
grammar, logic, or astronomy.”

4. Art has to be man-made. But it doesn’t mean that an artist has the freedom to create
anything as product of his personal and social exploration.

5. In the 21st Century, there is the focus of arts and humanities. As a result, science and
technology seem to belong to the past.

6. People have particular demands and these demands drive them to create particular
artwork.

7. We use our senses to recognize arts but it will not develop our perceptions in specific
elements.

8. Better understanding of ourselves and the world can be achieved through gaining
pristine perceptions from arts.

9. Art describes aspects of existence at certain periods at certain places of certain

communities.

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 Activity

Name: _ Score:
Course/Year/Section: _ Date:

10. Propaganda literature usually static and un-compelling to influence people’s cognition
and affection.
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Direction: In the Concept Map below, concisely discuss the three major functions of Arts.

FUNCTIONS OF ARTS

PHYSICAL SOCIAL PERSONAL

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 Activity

Name: _ Score:
Course/Year/Section: _ Date:

Direction: Answer the following questions concisely.

1. If you were an artist, what kind of artist will you be? What art field will you
explore? Why?
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2. How can you utilize the arts to express yourself, your community, and your
relation to others with the earth?
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3. Why is art ageless and timeless?

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 Activity

Name: _ Score:
Course/Year/Section: _ Date:

4. Why is art not nature?

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 5. Why does art involve experience?

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Activity 5
Name: _ Score:
Course/Year/Section: _ Date:

Direction: Art serves you in personal aspect. In the box below, draw symbols/figures
that can best describe yourself. You can use any drawing and coloring tools to make your
output more creative. Write a concise explanation of the symbols or figures you drawn.
Your output will be graded using the holistic rubric below.

CLEANLINESS/NEATNESS 10%
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ORIGINALITY 20%
CONTENT 30%
CREATIVITY 40%

Total 100%

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