TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY

DEPARTMENT STUDENT COUNCIL

CIVIL ENGINEERING

ART APPRECIATION
- the art of putting together successions of still
Art come from the ancient Latin, ars which images in order to create an illusion of
means a “craft or specialized form of skill, like movement.
carpentry or smithying or surgery” - Fimmaking focuses on aesthetic, cultural and
Ars in Medieval Latin means “any special form of social value.
book-learning, such as grammar or logic, magic - Elements: lighting, musical score, visual effects,
or astrology” direction, etc.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 3. Performance Art
1. Art is universal. - a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the
2. Art is not nature. human body which he or she uses to perform,
- art is man’s expression of his reception of but also employs other kind of art such as visual
nature. art, props, or sound.
3. Art involves experience. - Elements: time, where the performance took
- Degustibus non disputandum est (Matters of place, the performer(s), the relationship between
taste are not matters of dispute) the audience and the performer.
ART APPRECIATION: CREATIVITY, 4. Poetry Performance
IMAGINATION AND EXPRESSION - an art form where an artist expresses his
Jean-Paul Sartre emotion through words
- a famous French philosopher of twentieth 5. Architecture
century - the making of beautiful buildings
- “art is a creative work that depicts the world in a - not all buildings can be considered architecture
completely different light and perspective, and - Buildings should embody important elements:
the source is due to human freedom” plan, construction, design
Albert Einstein
- German physicist
- “Imagination is more important than knowledge. 6. Dance
For knowledge is limited to all we know and - a series of movements that follows the rhythm
understand, while imagination embraces the of the music accompaniment.
entire world, and all there ever will be to know - Dancing is a creative form that allows people to
and understand.” freely express themselves.
Robin George Collingwood 7. Literary Art
- an English philosopher who publicated - the usual professional, academic, journalistic,
Principles of Art and other technical forms of writing. It focuses on
- “what an artist does to an emotion is not to writing using a unique style.
induce it, but express it.” 8. Theater
POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS - uses live performers to present accounts or
1. Visual Arts imaginary events before a live audience.
- the kind of art form that the population is most 9. Applied Arts
likely more exposed to, but its variations are so - incorporating elements of style and design to
diverse. everyday items with the aim of increasing their
- Mediums: paintings, drawings, letterings, aesthetical value.
printing, sculptures, digital imaging, etc. FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL
2. Film PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Aristotle
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*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
as possible.
*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
or reliability of any information written.
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DEPARTMENT STUDENT COUNCIL
CIVIL ENGINEERING
ART APPRECIATION
- “every particular substance in the world has an
end, or telos in Greek, which translates into
purpose”
- “Man is bound to achieve a life of fulfilment and
happiness”
FUNCTIONS OF ART
Taj Mahal
- a massive mausoleum of white marble built in
Agra that was constructed in the memory of the
favourite wife of the then emperor, Shah Jahan.
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo by Dr.
Jose Rizal
- serves as a catechist for Filipino revolutionaries
to gather strength in rejecting the oppressive
forces of the Spaniards in the Philippines in the
nineteenth century
Classifications of Functions of Art
1. Personal Functions of Art - public display or
expression
2. Social Functions of Art – celebration or to
affect collective behaviour
- Ex. Political art, Photography
3. Physical Functions of Art - utilitarian
Philosophical Perspectives on Art
1. Art as an Imitation.
Plato
- in his masterpiece, The Republic, particularly
paints a picture of artists as imitators and art as
mere imitation.
2. Art as a Representation.
Aristotle
- conceived of art as representing possible
versions of reality
3. Art as a Disinterested Judgment
Immanuel Kant
- considered the judgment of beauty, the
cornerstone of art, as something that can be
universal despite its subjectivity.
4. Art as a Communication of Emotion
Leo Tolstoy
- author of War and Peace and Anna Karenina
- art serves as a language, a communication
device that articulates feelings and emotions that
are otherwise unavailable to the audience.
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*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
as possible.
*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
or reliability of any information written.
SUBJECT AND CONTENT
Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa
- representational art refer to objects or events
occurring to real world; also termed figurative art.
Jackson Pollock – Number 1A
-“action paintings”
- non-representational art; non-figurative art
Pablo Picasso – Head of a Woman, Mougins
- abstract art
Vasily Kandinsky
-a Russian artist who is a proponent of non-
representational art
Michelangelo
- created the intricate fresco that lines the Sistine
Chapel from 1508 to 1512
Francisco de Goya – El Tres de Mayo
- El Tres de Mayo captures the death of
Madrilenes, the local insurgents during the
Peninsular War.
ARTISTS AND ARTISANS
Robert Henri – The Art of Spirit
- “Art when really understood is the province of
every human being. It simply a question of doing
things, anything, well. It is not an outside, extra
thing. . . “
Peter Drucker - Post-Capitalist Society
- “the real controlling resource and the absolutely
decisive factor of the production is neither capital
not land nor labor. It is knowledge. Instead of
capitalists and proletarians, the classes of the
post capitalist society are the knowledge workers
and the service workers.”
Howard S. Becker - Art Worlds
- “all artistic work, like all human activity, involves
the joint activity of a number, often a large
number of people. Through their cooperation, the
artwork we eventually see or hear comes to be
and continues to be.”
Curator
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- the role is to interpret and develop the artworks
though establishing significance, relationship,
and relevance of this materials
Production Process
1. Preproduction
2. Production
3. Postproduction
Anna Cline
- “exhibitions act as the catalyst of art and ideas
to the public; they represent a way of displaying
and contextualizing art that makes it relevant and
accessible to contemporary audiences…”
Paula Marincola
- “exhibitions are strategically located at the
nexus where the artists, their work, the arts
institution, and many different publics intersect.”
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART
Elements of Art and Design: VISUAL
1. Line – a point moving at an identifiable path –
it has length, direction and width; it is one-
dimensional.
Ex. Keith Haring – “Todos juntos podemos parar
el sida” (Together we can stop AIDS)
a. Horizontal and vertical lines – orientation
of the line. Horizontal lines are associated with
rest or calm while; vertical lines connote
elevation or height which means exaltation or
aspiration for action. Together, these lines
communicate stability and firmness.
b. Diagonal and crooked lines – diagonal
lines convey movement and instability while
crooked or jagged lines are reminiscent of
violence, conflict, or struggle.
c. Curved Lines – these are lines that bend
or coil. They allude to softness, grace, flexibility,
or even sensuality.
2-3. Shape and Form
- Shape refers to two dimensions: height and
width
- Form refers to three-dimensions: height, width,
and depth.
a. Geometric – these shapes find origin in
mathematical propositions
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*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
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*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
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b. Organic – organic shapes are those readily
occurring in nature, often regular and
asymmetrical.
4. Space
- inferred form a sense of depth, whether it is real
or simulated. Real space is three-dimensional.
a. Positive and negative space – positive
space is where the shadow is heavily used;
negative space is identified with the white space
b. Three-dimensional space – can be
simulated through a variety of techniques such
as shading.
5. Color - hue
- one of the elements that enhances the appeal
of an artwork
- this element is a property of light
Color Theory was first unravelled by the
experiments undertaken by Sir Isaac Newton in
1666. A ray of sunlight passing through a prism
reveals an array of colors akin to that of rainbow.
a. Hue – this dimension of color gives its
name. It can be subdivided into:
- Primary colors – red, yellow, blue
- Secondary colors – green, orange, and
violet
- Tertiary colors – six in total; primary
colors + secondary colors
b. Value – brightness or darkness of color
- Light colors – source of light in the
composition
- Dark colors – the lack or even absence
of light
- Tint – a lighter color than the normal
value (ex. Pink for red)
- Shade – darker color than the normal
value (ex. Maroon for red)
c. Intensity – the color’s brightness or
dullness; strength of color; vivid or muted
-Bright or warm colors – positive energy
-Dull or cool colors – sedate/soothing,
seriousness or calm
Color harmonies
- Monochromatic harmonies – use
variations of a hue
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- Complementary harmonies – involve
two colors opposite each other in the
color wheel
- Analogous harmonies – make use of
two colors beside each other in the
color wheel
6. Texture
- can be either real or implied and is experienced
with the sense of touch
a. Textures in the two-dimensional plane –
texture can be implied using one technique or a
combination of other elements of art.
b. Surface texture – the texture of the three-
dimensional art object.
Planes and Perspective
Picture plane – the actual surface of the painting
or drawing, where no illusion of a third-dimension
exists.
Chiaroscuro - a technique that made use of
light and dark contrasts and tones in which
paintings not only looked three-dimensional, but
also more dramatic.
Three types of perspective:
1. One-point perspective – shows parallel lines
that seem to converge at a specific and lone
vanishing point, along the horizon line.
2. Two-point perspective – a painting or
drawing that makes use of two vanishing points,
which can be placed anywhere along the horizon
line.
3. Three-point perspective – makes use of
three vanishing points, each corresponding to
each axis of the scene.
Elements of Art: AUDITORY
1. Rhythm – often associated to the terms beat,
meter, and tempo
- the element of music that situates it in time; it is
the pulse of the music
Beat – the basic unit of music
Tempo – the speed (beats/second) of music
Classical terms used to refer to the variations
of tempo:
- Largo – slowly and broadly
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*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
as possible.
*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
or reliability of any information written.
- Andante – walking pace
- Moderato – at moderate speed
- Allegro – fast
- Vivace – lively
- Accelerando – gradually speeding up
- Rallentado – gradually slowing down
- Allargando – getting slower, broadening
- Rubato – literally “robbed time”; rhythm is
played freely for expressive effect
2. Dynamics – the loudness or quietness of
music
*crescendo –increase in loudness
*decrescendo – decrease in loudness
- Pianissimo [pp] – very quiet
- Piano [p] – quiet
- Mezzo-piano [mp] – moderately quiet
- Mezzo-forte [mf] – moderately loud
- Forte [f] – loud
- Fortissimo [ff] – very loud
3. Melody – linear presentation of pitch
*Pitch – highness or lowness of musical sound
4. Harmony – vertical; arises when pitches are
combined to form chords.
-described in terms of its harshness: dissonance
is the harsh-sounding combination while
consonance is the smooth-sounding
combination.
5. Timbre – a quality that distinguishes a voice or
an instrument from another
6. Texture – the number of melodies, the type of
layers, and their relatedness in a composition
- Monophonic – single melodic line
- Polyphonic – two or more melodic lines
- Homophonic – main melody accompanied by
chords
Principles of Art
1. Balance – distribution of visual elements in
view of their placement in relation to each other
Three forms of balance:
a. Symmetrical – the elements used on one side
are reflected to the other and offers the most
stable visual sense to any artwork
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b. Asymmetrical – the elements are not the
same on each side
c. Radial – there is a central point in the
composition, around which elements and objects
are distributed.
2. Scale and Proportion – scale pertains to size
in relation to what is normal for the figure ; while,
proportion is the size of the components, or of
objects in relation to one another.
Proportion can be:
a. Natural – realistic size of the visual elements
in the artwork
b. Exaggerated – the unusual size relations of
visual elements
c. Idealized – most common to those that follow
canons of perfection
3-4. Emphasis and Contrast – emphasis allows
the attention of the viewer to a focal point while
contrast is the disparity between the elements
that figure into the composition.
5-6. Unity and Variety – in unity, compositions
are intended to imbue sense of accord or
completeness from the artwork while variety is
the principle that aims to retain the interest by
allowing patches or areas that both excite and
allow eye to rest.
7. Harmony – elements or objects achieve a
sense of flow and interconnectedness
8. Movement – the direction of the viewing eye
as it goes through the artwork
9. Rhythm – created when an element is
repeated
10-11. Repetition and Pattern – lines, shapes,
colors, and other elements that may appear in an
artwork is called repetition. The image created
out of repetition is called pattern.
Hybrid Arts or Combined Arts – another
movement whose emergence is hinged on the
frontiers of science and technology
ART IN EARLY CIVILIZATION
PREHISTORIC ART
Stone age
- is a term used to describe a period of history
when stones were used to make tools for
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*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
as possible.
*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
or reliability of any information written.
survival. The term conjures an image of men
and women dressed in skins, huddling before
a fire in a cave. (Fitchner-Rathus, 2013)
Stone age culture which roughly span the 14000
– 2000 BCE: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
Paleolithic Art is a product of climate change.
Hall of Bulls – Lascaux, France
- evoke naturalism, which is evidently seen
through the contours of the animals’ body
and their dark color.
Art techniques used during Paleolithic: spray-
painting technique, foreshortening, contrasting of
lights and shadows.
Venus of Willendorf – is a highly abstracted
woman from highlighted body parts associated
with fertility.
- Shows that the woman has oversized
breasts, enlarged hips, and round abdomen
- The representation may show the importance
of taking care of these body parts for
procreation and consequently the survival of
species
Neolithic art has developed especially when life
for early humans has become more stable. They
have learned to cultivate lands and domesticate
animals.
Stonehenge located in Southern England. Some
regard it as a temple while others see it as a
complex calendar that tracked the movements of
both the sun and moon. Others ascribe some
magical element to it by associating it with Merlin
the Magician from King Arthur’s story.
It is notable that most early civilizations emerged
in rivers valleys: the Nile in Egypt, Indus in India,
Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, and
Huang Ho in China.
EGYPTIAN ART
The Fertile Ribbon starts from the banks of the
Nile River, which flows north to Africa and
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ventures into the Mediterranean. It is in this very
ribbon where early Egyptians recognized the
integral role of the Nile river to their daily lives. It
is this indispensability and utility that eventually
led to the belief that the Nile is to be worshipped
as a god.
The Egyptian civilization can be divided into three
periods: Old, Middle, and New Kingdom.
During the Old Kingdom, it was evident that
religion was bound to afterlife. A concrete
manifestation of this would have to be the
erection of tombs.
One of the cosmic palettes found in Egypt was
called Narmer Palette. It was a palette that
utilized and applied dark colors around King
Narmer’s eyes. The palette was also a symbol
that commemorate the unification of Upper and
Lower Egypt. The unification was significant
because it marked the beginning of their
civilization.
One striking feature of most sculptures is that
regardless of the age of death, the ka figures
highlight the prime life of the deceased.
The pyramids in Giza served as tombs since their
main purpose was to purpose was to provide a
resting place for the pharaohs. These pyramids
are massive in size and were constructed using
roughly more than two million limestone blocks.
The construction of the pyramids highlighted the
ingenuity and advancement of the Egyptians for
their time.
Tools and materials used in construction of
pyramid: wooden rollers, limestone, stonecutters,
ropes and pulleys.
One of the key features of Middle Kingdom is a
shift in the political hierarchy. In order for art to
reemerge and flourish, Egypt needed to have a
more stable situation. This happened during the
rule of King Mentuhotep when Egypt actually got
back on track.
Styles that emerged during the Middle Kingdom:
 Portrait sculptures
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as possible.
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 Fresco paintings
To solve the problem of thieves that plunder the
tombs, the Egyptians made rock-cut tombs by
carving out a living rock.
Egypt was not immune from foreign invaders and
eventually fell into the hands of Hyksos. This
Asiatic Tribe introduced Bronze Age weapons
and horses to the Egyptians. When these foreign
invaders were overthrown, the Egyptians formed
the New Kingdom. It was a time of expansionism,
through territorial acquisition. Consequently, with
the expansion came an increase in wealth
leading not only to economic but also political
stability.
The art of the New Kingdom had references from
both of the preceding kingdoms. Monuments and
sculptures were still linked with death and
reverence for the deceased. They started having
mortuary temples. During this period, Egypt has
established itself as a more advanced and
powerful civilization. With this newly found
strength and power comes an inflated ego. Their
high regard for their people can be seen thru
their sculptures built on massive and
monumental scales.
After the New Kingdom, Egypt witnessed the
Amarna Revolution led by King Akhenaton and
Queen Nefertiti. He moved the capital to Tel El-
Amarna, thus the name Amarna. During his
reign, King Amenhotep wanted to revolutionize
the arts and religion. He later changed his name
to Akhenaton, which came from Aton who is the
sun god. This changing of names also signified
the shift in religion. During this period, the only
god to be revered was Aton.
Egypt became the monotheistic and Akhenaton
ordered all to tear down all monuments of other
gods. He then fervently ordered the creation ad
erection of new monuments in reverence to Aton.
Most sculptures during this period had curving
lines and full-bodied forms.
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Naturalism was not only used to depict the
pharaoh but also was used for members of the
royal family. The bust of Queen Nefertiti has a
long and sensuous neck. This figure was
enhanced by applying paint to limestone.
One of the greatest discoveries from the
Egyptian civilization was the tomb of
Tutankhamen. He became king at a very young
age and died at the age of 18. Howard Carter
discovered his tomb in 1922. Gold artworks and
coffin was made out of solid gold.
ART OF EMERGING EUROPE
Ancient Greece
Their political ideals eventually became the
framework for the democratic form of government
in modern times.
The development of Greek art can be divided into
four periods:
 Geometric Period was a time when Greece
was starting to get back from the onslaught
of what seemed to be their Dark Ages. It was
a period when geometric shapes and
patterns have taken the spotlight in most of
the artworks.
 Archaic Period placed importance on human
figures. This was primarily a result of
Greece’s trading activities with other
civilization.
 Classical Period was when the Greeks found
themselves rebuilding their temples and
focusing on creating artworks.
 Hellenistic Period was the time of Alexander
the Great; it was during this time was
primarily focused on showcasing emotions
and depicting reality. Hellenistic sculptures
started to emphasize balance while
showcasing emotions and depicting reality.
Lacoon and His Sons depict Lacoon, a
Trojan priest, and his sons being strangled
by a serpent.
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*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
as possible.
*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
or reliability of any information written.
The origins of theater and drama can be traced
back during the Greek civilization. The followers
of Dionysus started the Greek theater.
Ancient Rome
Romans invoked the principles of realism in most
of their works, and harsh, and strong. Roman
were also known to be master builders, which
earned their reputation for grand monuments and
architectural infrastructure.
Architectural achievements: Colosseum and
Pantheon.
 Colosseum was planned and constructed
during the reign of Emperor Vespasian. One
of its main uses was for entertainment
purposes like public events and gladiator
games.
Middle Ages
It was a period that is characterized by ignorance
and darkness. Church was the central figure and
authority of this period.
During this time, cathedrals were also built.
These cathedrals can be categorized into two
periods: Romanesque (inspired by the old roman
empire) and Gothic (which had a more flavor
from the Goths – vulgar and barbarian).
Renaissance Art
Artist valued the “individual” as a subject of art.
The influence of humanism shifter the focus of
some artworks during the Renaissance Period to
empower the “individual”.
Most artworks emphasized naturalism.
Renaissance artists also gave importance to non-
religious themes or subjects.
There was a revival of Roman theatrical plays.
Mannerism
- Was a product of the Renaissance Period.
- Most artworks during this period displayed
distorted figures, two-dimensional spaces,
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discordant hues and colors, and lack of
defined focal point.
Baroque and the Rococo
- Baroque is derived from the Portuguese term
barocco which is translated as “irregularly
shaped pearl”
- Expansion was the central theme of this
period
- Motion and space were taken into
consideration by artists like the use of
dramatic lighting and the concept of time.
Neoclassicism
- Was a movement in Europe that transpired
during the late 18th to 19th centuries.
- It was the dominant art movement that time
which basically aimed to revive and rekindle
the influences of Greek and Roman into art
and architecture.
- The ancient Greeks and Europeans had
placed emphasis on human reason and
keeping society in order. These principles
are also dominant during the Enlightenment
Period.
Romanticism
- Used the central themes of Neoclassicist
artworks as a springboard
- Have highlighted heroic elements into their
work
- The major and central themes include the
goodness of mankind, emotions, and feelings
of man
- Also promote justice, equality, and social
order
Realism
- Focuses in the accuracy of details that
depicts and somehow mirrors reality
- Reexamined existing belief systems and
traditions
- Not very precise
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*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
as possible.
*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
or reliability of any information written.
- Feelings and emotions are only escapes of
reality
- Similar (akin) to naturalism
Impressionism
- This movement started in France
- Is a style of painting that emerged in the mid
to late 1800.
- the impression is communicated by the artist
through his work and can be seen through
the brushstrokes, distinction of colors, and
the lights and shadows used by the artist.
- Renoir Le Moulin de la Gallere
Post-Impressionism
- A result of both the influence and rejection of
Impressionism
- Gave emphasis to defining from with the use
of broken colors, and short brush stroke.
- Gezanne – still life of apples
- Gogh – portraits (The Portrait of Dr. Gachet)
Neo-Impressionism
- Considered as a response to empirical
realism of impressionism
- Pointillism – art technique basically utilizes
discrete dots and dashes of pure color
Art Nouveau
- Used long and organic lines that are
concretely manifested in architecture, jewelry
and glass design, among others.
- Asymmetrical line that usually is in the form
of insect wings or flower stalks.
Fauvism
- Fauves means Warner brother (whining
beast)
- Used pure and vibrant colors by applying
straight from paint tubes directly to canvas.
- Henri Matisse
o The Red Room (red)
o The Joy of Life (yellow)(distortion)
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Cubism
- Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
- Highlighted the two-dimensional surface of
the picture plane
- Focusing on a flat surface was a rejection of
the dominant techniques like the use of
perspective, foreshortening, and modeling.
- Rejected that art should imitate nature
- Fragmented objects for viewer
Futurism
- Highlighted speed, energy, dynamism, and
power of machine
- Restlessness and fast-pace of modern life
- Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italian poet and
editor, coined the term “futurism” to reflect
his purpose of disregarding the traditional
methods of art in the past.
o Believes that art should embrace
and embody change, innovation,
creativity, and originality.
Caught in Between: Modern and
Contemporary Art
Modern art – saw the digression of artists away
from past conventions and traditions and toward
freedom
1. Abstract Expressionism (early 1940s to mid-
1960s)
- took the basic tenets of abstraction and
combined with it with gestural techniques, mark
making and rugged spontaneity in its visual
articulation.
Two major styles:
a. Action painting – the process of creation in that
it showed the physicality, direction, and the
spontaneity of actions that made the drips and
strokes possible
b. Color fields – emphasized the emotional power
of colors
*Artists: Clyfford Still, Jackson Pollock, Willem de
Kooning, Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko
2. Optical Art (OP Art) (early 1960s onward)
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or reliability of any information written.
- relied on creating an illusion to inform the
experience of the artwork using color, pattern,
and other perspective tricks
*Artists: Victor Vasarely, Bridget Riley, Peter
Sedgley, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Israeli Yaacov
Agam
3. Kinetic Art (early 1950s onward)
- the quest for actual movement in the works
created
*Artists: Naum Gabo, Alexander Calder, Jean
Tinguely, Bridget Riley, Nicholas Schoffer, Theo
Jansen
Gutai (1950s-1970s)
- Japanese term which means embodiment or
concreteness
4. Minimalism (early 1960s)
- extreme type of abstraction that favoured
geometric shapes, color fields, and the use of
objects and materials that had an “industrial”
sparse.
*Artists: Agnes Martin, Robert Morris, Sol LeWitt,
Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, Donald Jud.
5. Pop Art (first emerged in 1950s but found its
footing in 1960s)
- it drew inspiration, sources, and even materials
from commercial culture, making it one of the
most identifiable and relatable movements in art
history.
*Artists: Andy Warhol, James Rosenquist, Claes
Oldenburg, Richard Hamilton
6. Post-Modernism (1970)
- encroaches on other smaller movements that
included conceptual art, neo-expressionism,
feminist art, and the Young British Artists of the
1990s, among others.
Contemporary art – driven by idead and
theories with the involvement of television,
photography, cinema, digital technology,
performance, and even objects in everyday life.
1. Neo-Pop Art – ready made materials were
used for artwork
2. Photorealism – a painstaking attention to
detail is aimed, without asserting an artist’s
personal style.
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY
DEPARTMENT STUDENT COUNCIL
CIVIL ENGINEERING

ART APPRECIATION
3. Conceptualism – informed and shaped by - Pottery – said to be the earliest art forms
pop art where it fought against the idea that art is used by the early Filipino people
a commodity - Manunggul Jar in Palawan
4. Performance Art – related to conceptual art o Serves as a burial jar, which depicts
where the heart of the artwork is its idea or two men rowing a boat
message o Reflects belief in afterlife
5. Installation Art – a kind of immersive work
were the environment or the space in which the
viewer steps into or interact is transformed or - Weaving
altered. - The people of Cordilleras are known for their
6. Earth Art – the natural environment or a color woven cloth, which have both religious
specific site is transformed by artists. It focuses and practical value
on landscape manipulation and materials used
- T’nalak, woven abaca cloth, from t’boli
are taken directly from the ground or vegetation.
people of Mindanao
7. Street Art – related to graffiti art as it is the by-
product of the rise of graffiti in the 1980s. - Frog is a representation of fertility
Soulmaking, Appropriation, and - Woodcarving
Improvisation -Okir – common subjects include sarimanok,
Style – the distinctive handling of elements and naga and pako rabong
media associated with the work of an individual - sarimanok – a stylized design of a mythical bird
artist, a school, a movement, or a specific culture either standing on a fish or holding a piece of fish
or time period. on its beak
Improvisation – doing something without prior - Naga – forms an s-shape, depicting an
preparation elaborate figure of a mythical dragon or serpent
Appropriation – bringing a new context to the - Pako rabong – growing fern with a broad base
original work - Jewelry was used as amulets for protection
Art in Asia
to drive away evil spirits. Then, utilized as
Japanese Art
ornaments integrated in clothing
- Haniwa (Dipylon vase) – ceramic figures that
are made up of clay
- The native religion of Japan is Shintoism
- The Japanese style of painting leaned
toward abstract and naturalistic handling.
- Spontaneity and individuality
- Ukiyo-e (floating world) – kind of painting
which was crafted thru woodcut prints
o Ase o fuku onna (Woman Wiping
Face)
Philippine Art
- Pottery, weaving, carving, and the use of
metalwork and jewelry

*The ideas and information in this review material were taken from other sources written by different authors.
*This material may not also contain all the information needed, but as far as reviewed, all relevant details were written as much
as possible.
*The text may contain grammatical and typographical errors and does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the material
or reliability of any information written.