Technical Interview Questions

C
1. What is a programming language?
2. What are the various levels of programming language?
3. What do you meant by Compilation & Interpretation?
4. What is an Object Code?
5. Write a simple C program and explain all it’s context.
6. What is a Header File? And why we need them?
7. How to create your own Header File?
8. In how many ways can you include Header Files?
9. What do you meant by pre-processor directive?
10. Explain the execution flow of a simple C program.
11. What is a Return Type for?
12. What is an Identifier?
13. Name few Keywords.
14. What is an Escape Sequence? Name few and it’s purpose.
15. What would a printf() function returns?
16. What would a scanf() function returns?
17. What do you meant by primitives?
18. What is a Function?
19. Explain Function Declaration and Function Definition.
20. What do you meant by Formal & Actual arguments?
21. What are Storage Classes?
22. Which Storage class is used to call function written in another C program file?
23. Which is the Default Storage class?
24. Define Function call and what happens when a function is called?
25. What do you meant by NULL?
26. Define MACRO.
27. Disadvantage of MACRO.
28. What is a Pointer?
29. What are all the Indirection operators in C?
30. Difference between Call -by-value & Call-by-Reference.
31. Discuss Array.
32. How to use an array as pointer.
33. Discuss post increment & pre increment.
34. What do you meant by Void Pointer?
35. Write some code to Dynamically assign memory for pointer.
36. Difference between malloc , calloc & realloc.
37. What is a double pointer?
38. What do you meant by type casting?
39. What is a Structure? And why we need it?
40. How to access member variables using structure pointer?
41. Explain typedef.
42. What do you meant by memory leak?
43. What is a Union?
44. Difference between Structure & Union.
45. Give example. Where we use union.
46. Explain feof().
47. Discuss r+,w+ & a+ modes of File Operation.
48. What is an enum?
49. How can you assign user specified constant to enum variables?
50. How to free a dynamically allocated memory?

C++
1. Name some pure object oriented languages.
2. What are the main underlying concepts of object orientation?
3. What do you meant by OOPS?
4. What is the difference between Object Oriented and Structure Oriented Programming?
5. What is a modifier?
6. What is an accessor?
7. Differentiate between a template class and class template.
8. When does a name clash occur?
9. Define namespace.
10. What is the use of „using‟ declaration.
11. What is an Iterator class?
12. List out some of the object-oriented methodologies.
13. What is an incomplete type?
14. What is a dangling pointer?
15. Differentiate between the message and method.
16. What is an adaptor class or Wrapper class
17. What is a Null object?
18. What is class invariant?
19. What do you mean by Stack unwinding?
20. Define precondition and post-condition to a member function.
21. What are proxy objects?
22. Name the operators that cannot be overloaded.
23. What is a node class?
24. What is an orthogonal base class?
25. What is a protocol class?
26. What is a mixin class?
27. What is a concrete class?
28. What is the handle class?
29. When can you tell that a memory leak will occur?
30. What is a parameterized type?
31. Differentiate between a deep copy and a shallow copy?
32. What is an opaque pointer?
33. What is a smart pointer?
34. What is reflexive association?
35. What is slicing?
36. What is name mangling?
37. What are proxy objects?
38. Differentiate between declaration and definition in C++.
39. What is cloning?
40. Describe the main characteristics of static functions
41. Will the inline function be compiled as the inline function always? Justify.
42. Define a way other than using the keyword inline to make a function inline.
43. How can a '::' operator be used as unary operator?
44. What is placement new?
45. What do you mean by analysis and design?
46. What do u meant by "SBI" of an object?
47. Differentiate persistent & non-persistent objects?
48. What do you meant by active and passive objects?
49. What do you meant by Virtual Function?
50. What is use of Name Space?
51. What is Recursion? Write one Recursive function.
52. What are the key object oriented concepts used by Windows NT?

UNIX
1. How are devices represented in UNIX?
2. What is 'inode'?
3. Brief about the directory representation in UNIX
4. What are the Unix system calls for I/O?
5. How do you change File Access Permissions?
6. What is a FIFO?
7. How do you create special files like named pipes and device files?
8. Discuss the mount and unmount system calls
9. How does the inode map to data block of a file?
10. What is a shell?
11. Explain fork() system call.
12. How can you get/set an environment variable from a program?
13. How can a parent and child process communicate?
14. What is a zombie?
15. What are the process states in Unix?
16. What Happens when you execute a program?
17. What Happens when you execute a command?
18. What is a Daemon?
19. What is 'ps' command for?
20. How would you kill a process?
21. What is an advantage of executing a process in background?
22. How do you execute one program from within another?
23. What is IPC? What are the various schemes available?
24. What do you mean by u-area (user area) or u-block?
25. What is Fork swap?
26. What is Expansion swap?
27. How the Swapper works?
28. What are the criteria for choosing a process for swapping into memory from the swap
device?
29. What do you mean by nice value?
30. What is “the principle of locality‟?

DBMS
1. What is database?
2. What is DBMS?
3. What is a Database system?
4. Advantages of DBMS?
5. Disadvantage in File Processing System?
6. Describe the three levels of data abstraction?
7. What is extension and intension?
8. What is Data Independence?
9. What is a view? How it is related to data independence?
10. What is Data Model?
11. What is E-R model?
12. What is Object Oriented model?
13. What is an Entity?
14. What is an Entity type?
15. What is an Extension of entity type?
16. What is Weak Entity set?
17. What is an attribute?
18. What is a Relation Schema and a Relation?
19. What is degree of a Relation?
20. What is Relationship?
21. What is DDL?
22. What is VDL ?
23. What is SDL ?
24. What is Data Storage - Definition Language?
25. What is DML (Data Manipulation Language)?
26. What is DML Compiler?
27. What is Query evaluation engine?
28. What is normalization?
29. What is Functional Dependency?
30. What is 1 NF (Normal Form)?
31. What is 2NF?
32. What is 3NF?
33. What is BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)?
34. What is Domain-Key Normal Form?
35. What is indexing and what are the different kinds of indexing?
36. What is durability in DBMS?
37. What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation?
38. What is a checkpoint and When does it occur?
39. What is "transparent DBMS"?
40. What is database Trigger?

SQL
1. What is an SQL?
2. List some of the SQL servers you worked with.
3. What is the difference between DBMS & RDBMS?
4. What is a VIEW?
5. What is the syntax for creating a VIEW?
6. What operator performs pattern matching?
7. What operator tests column for the absence of data?
8. What is the parameter substitution symbol used with INSERT INTO command?
9. Which command displays the SQL command in the SQL buffer, and then executes it?
10. What are the wildcards used for pattern matching?
11. What are the privileges that can be granted on a table by a user to others?
12. What command is used to get back the privileges offered by the GRANT command?
13. What is the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE commands?
14. What command is used to create a table by copying the structure of another table?
15. Which date function is used to find the difference between two dates?
16. What is the advantage of specifying WITH GRANT OPTION in the GRANT
command?
17. What is the use of the DROP option in the ALTER TABLE command?
18. What is the use of DESC in SQL?
19. What is the use of CASCADE CONSTRAINTS?
20. Which function is used to find the largest integer less than or equal to a specific
value?
21. When we need ALTER command?
22. What’s the syntax to give alias name for TABLES?
23. Tell me briefly about all JOINS
24. What is the use of TRIGGER?
25. How to create functions in SQL?

Operating System
1. What is an Operating System?
2. Name few OSs
3. Why OS is called “Resource Manager”?
4. How many generations are there in OS?
5. What is a THREAD?
6. What is MultiProcessing?
7. Difference between Multi Processing and Parallel Processing
8. What is a System Clock?
9. What do you mean by Process Management?
10. What is a Process?
11. What are the states of a Process?
12. What does a PCB( Process Control Block ) specifies?
13. What is Memory Management?
14. What is meant by Virtual Memory?
15. What is a Page Fault?
16. List some Page Replacement Algorithms
17. What is meant by Scheduling?
18. List some Scheduling Algorithms
19. What is Context Switch?
20. What is thrashing?
21. What are short-, long- and medium-term scheduling?
22. What are turnaround time and response time?
23. What is the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB)?
24. When is a system in safe state?
25. What is cycle stealing?
26. What is busy waiting?
27. What is a trap and trapdoor?
28. What are local and global page replacements?
29. What is time-stamping?
30. What are demand- and pre-paging?
31. List out some reasons for process termination.
32. What are the reasons for process suspension?
33. What is a Semaphore?
34. What are Registers? And why we need them?
35. What is an Open-Source and Free-ware movement?

Networks
1. What is a Network? And why we need network?
2. What do you meant by Protocol?
3. Name few Protocols.
4. What is a port number?
5. What are the layers in OSI protocol stack?
6. What are the two types of transmission technology available?
7. What is frame relay, in which layer it comes?
8. What is terminal emulation, in which layer it comes?
9. Explain TCP/IP protocol
10. Difference between TCP/IP & OSI protocol stack.
11. Data Encryption & Compression is achieved in which layer of OSI model?
12. What is the work of Transport layer?
13. What is an IP?
14. What is an MAC address?
15. Explain Session.
16. What is Client-Server Computing?
17. Difference between Centralized & non-Centralized peer – peer computing.
18. What is NIC?
19. What is point-to-point protocol
20. What is Bandwidth?
21. What are the types of Transmission media?
22. What is Protocol Data Unit?
23. . What are the different types of networking / internetworking devices?
24. What is the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment and IP
datagram?
25. What is the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses?
26. What are major types of networks?
27. What are the important topologies for networks?
28. What is mesh network?
29. What is difference between baseband and broadband transmission?
30. Explain 5-4-3 rule?
31. What is the difference between routable and non- routable protocols?
32. What is logical link control?
33. What is virtual path?
 34. What is Kerberos?
35. At which layer the port number of corresponding protocol are attached to packets?
36. What is the work of physical layer?
37. Explain Ethernet?
38. What do you meant by Token Ring?
39. What is Grid Computing?
40. Explain Polling.

JAVA
1. Why you say JAVA is cent percent OOP language while C++ is not?
2. What do you meant by Compilation & Interpretation?
3. Why JAVA is portable and platform independent?
4. What is an JVM?
5. What is an Object Code?
6. Write a simple java program and explain its context.
7. Do we have to save the program in same name as the class name?
8. What’s the difference between constructors and normal methods?
9. Discuss about primitives.
10. Why Java doesn’t support multiple inheritance?
11. Distinguish Overloading and Overriding.
12. Why pointers are not allowed in JAVA?
13. What do you meant by Thread?
14. What are the ways in which you could create a Thread?
15. Explain wait() command.
16. What are all the access specifiers available and explain all?
17. What is a package?
18. What is Locale?
19. Is JVM a compiler or an interpreter?
20. What is the final keyword denotes?
21. What is nested class?
22. What is inner class?
23. What is the basic difference between string and stringbuffer object?
24. What is garbage collection? What is the process that is responsible for doing that in java?
25. What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread?
26. What is DriverManager?
27. What is Class.forName() does and how it is useful?
28. What will the finalize method do?
29. What is Collection API?
30. Explain the usage of the keyword transient?
31. Why would you use a synchronized block vs. synchronized method?
32. Explain the user defined Exceptions?