ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY

BASIC ARCHTECTURAL DESIGN 2(ARCH3201)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

NAME ID NO GROUP
.Adonias Tadele .UGR/23187/13 .3

Title: Literature Review On Residential Building

Submitted to: bereket

Submission Date: Dec 15 2022
 INTRODUTION
 A residential building is defined as the building which provides more than
half of its floor area for dwelling purposes. In other words, residential
building provides sleeping accommodation with or without cooking or
dining or both facilities.
 Residential building includes all buildings intended for private occupancy
whether on a permanent basis or not. Dwellings are divided into the
following types: single-family, mobile, cottage, semi-detached, row house
and apartment building.
 Residential architecture is, quite simply, the process of designing and
building residential, non-commercial properties and living spaces.
Residential architecture includes everything from townhomes to
mansions to apartment complexes and everything in between. It can be
modern or nostalgic.
 o Residential buildings are divided into following types:
I. Individual houses or private dwellings
II. Lodging or rooming houses
III. Dormitories
IV. Apartments
V. Hotels

i. Individual houses or Private dwellings

o Individual houses or private dwellings are generally owned by members
of a single family only. If more than one family residing in that building,
then it is called as multiple family private dwelling.

ii. Lodging or Rooming Houses

o Lodging or rooming houses are multiple or group of buildings which

come under one management. In this case, Accommodation is provided
for separately for different individuals on temporary or permanent basis.
iii. Dormitories

o Dormitories are another type of residential buildings, in which sleeping

accommodation is provided together for different individuals. School
hostels, military barracks come under this category.

iv. Apartments
 o Apartments or flats are big buildings which consists separate dwellings
for different families. Apartment will reside minimum three or more
families living independently of each other.

v. Hotels

o Hotels are just like lodging houses and also managed by single
management but they provide accommodation primarily on temporary
basis. inns, motels etc.

Selection of site for any building is a very important and experts job and should be
done very carefully by an experienced engineer. The requirements of site for
buildings with different occupancies are different. some of the important factors
which should be considered while selecting site for any residence.
The site should be in fully developed area or in the area which has potential of
development.
There should be good transport facilities such as railway, bus service, for going
to office, college, market, etc.
Civic services such as water supply, drainage sewers, electric lines, telephone
lines, etc. should be very near to the selected site so as to obtain their services
with no extra cost.
Soil at site should not be of made up type as far as possible. The buildings
constructed over such soils normally undergo differential settlement and
sometimes become the cause of collapse. Cracks in buildings in such
conditions, are quite common
The selected site should be large enough; both to ensure the building
abundant light and air to prevent any over dominance by the neighboring
buildings.
The ground water table at the site should not be very high.
Nearness of schools, hospitals, market, etc. are considered good for
residential site but these facilities do not carry any significance in the selection
site for other public buildings.
Good foundation soil should be available at responsible depth. This aspect
saves quite a bit in the cost of the building.
The site should command a good view of landscape such a hill, river, lake, etc.
Residential house site should be located away from the busy commercial
roads.
Residential site should not be located near workshops, factories, because such
locations are subjected to continuous noise.
Orientation of the site also has some bearing on its selection. Site should be
such in our country that early morning sun and late evening sun is accepted in
the building in summer and maximum sun light is available in most of winter.
Zoning in Architecture:
 Zoning is essentially a set of codes that outline the rules for what may be built
on a particular property. Zoning codes limit the size, shape, use, and location of
buildings. Architects perform zoning analyses in order to determine the legal
development rights of a property.
 Determining which building types and styles will and won’t adhere to legal
zoning prerequisites can be challenging. Different zoning areas can provide
certain freedoms and limits for a given project, depending on what the client
and architect have envisioned for their final result.
Residential Zoning:
 Restricted to the use of homebuilding. Residential zones are areas where
housing, as opposed to commercial or industrial buildings, dominates.
 Residential zoning is the most common type of zoning. Residential zones allow
single family homes and small businesses to be located in residential areas,
allowing for a more intimate living environment.

 Residential zones can include:

 Single Family Residences (SFR)

 Suburban Homesteads (SH)
 Any number of other designations, including homes, apartments, duplexes,
trailer parks, co-ops, and condominiums

 Residential zoning can cover issues such as whether mobile homes can be
placed on the property and the number of structures allowed on a certain
property.
 Zoning laws typically limit the type of animals allowed at a residence.
Domestic pets such as dogs, birds, and cats are generally not regulated, but
chickens, sheep, horses, llamas, pigs, and cows are subject to certain
requirements. Many laws prohibit keeping these farm animals in residential
neighborhoods. Others limit the number of animals based on the size of the
property.

Residential Zoning and Home-Based Businesses:

 Zoning laws on home-based businesses can depend on:

 The nature of the business

 Whether there are employees or business invitees
 The hours of operation
 Signage
 Parking and delivery concerns
 Noise issues

 Some zoning ordinances prohibit all in-home businesses in residential areas.

Others limit the type of business and business hours. They may also require
separate parking and entrance facilities. Rules regarding home-based
businesses for condominiums are typically even more restrictive than private
residences.

Living Room
living room is a common, comfortable and attractive place for sitting of family
members and to receive friends and guests.
 Sometime it is used as reception room and dining room and special occasions.
Living room should be located in the middle of the building and should be
connected to the front verandah and dining place. It should be well-lighted
and ventilated.
The standard living room (hall) size is 9 feet x 10 feet
The minimum height from the surface of the floor to the ceiling or bottom of
slab should be not less than 2.75m.
Other Requirements: For Air, Conditioning–room height should not be less
than 2.4 m.

Bedrooms
SIZE DIMENSIONS IN MT.+(AREA) DIMENSIONS IN FT.+(AREA)

LARGE 6.71 × 8.53(57.24) 22 × 28(616)

MEDIUM 4.88 × 6.01(29.33) 16 × 20(320)
SMALL 3.66 × 5.49(20 12 x 18(216)
VERY
3.05 × 3.66(11.16) 10 × 12(120)
SMALL

The bedroom should be located on the side of the direction of prevailing

wind. The location should be such that the bedroom receives sunlight
during morning hours.
 Bedrooms should exposed for good ventilation and lighting at the same
time provide privacy.
If good water supply and drainage system is available, a bedroom should
have an attached bathroom and water closet.
As per OBC, the bedroom height should be 2.3 m over at least 50% of the
required floor area.
Standard size of bedrooms may range from: 3000mm (10ft) X 3600mm
(12ft) to 4200mm (14ft) X 4800mm (16ft)

ROOM DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS

SIZE (FT) (MT.)
SMALL 9 FT X 9 FT 2.74 M X 2.74 M

MEDIUM 12 FT X 12 FT 3.65 M X 3.65 M

LARGE 16 FT X 18 FT 4.87 X 5.48 M

Kitchen
The height of the kitchen measured from the floor to the lowest point in
the ceiling should not be less than 2.75m except for the portion to
accommodate floor trap of the floor.
The kitchen should be provided in rear corner of the building that sun light
should come in the morning hours, but NE corner is the best.
It should be connected with dining room and should have one approach from
outside also.
It should have windows for good ventilation and chimney for smoke escape.
The window space should be min. of 15% of floor area.
 Sink should be provided for washing and sufficient number of shelves should
also be provided.
Standard size of kitchen rooms may range from: 2500mm (8ft) X 3900mm
(13ft) to 3000mm (10ft) X 3600mm (12ft)

DIMENSIONS IN DIMENSIONS
SIZE
MT.+(AREA) IN FT.+(AREA)

LARGE 3.65 x 6.09(22.23) 12 x 20(240)

MEDIUM 3.05 x 4.87(14.85) 10 x 16(160)

SMALL 3.05 X 2.44(6.10) 10 x 08(80)

VERY SMALL 2.13 X 2.75(5.85) 07 x 09(63)

Bathroom and WC
The height of all such rooms measured
from the floor in the ceiling should not be
less than 2.4m.
The size of bathroom should not be less
than 1.5m x 1.2m or 1.8 m2.
If it is combined with water closet, its floor
area should not be less than 2.8 m2.
the minimum floor area of a water closet
should be 1.1 m2.
 DIMENSIONS IN DIMENSIONS
SIZE
MT.+(AREA) IN FT.+(AREA)

LARGE 2.13 × 3.66(7.80) 7 x 12(84)

MEDIUM 1.83 × 3.05(5.60) 6 x 10(60)

SMALL 1.52 × 2.75(4.20) 5 x 9(45)

VERY SMALL 1.06 × 1.98(2.04) 3.5 x 6.5(22.75)

Requirement:
It should be located such that at least
one of its walls opens to the external
wall.
It should not be directly over or under any
other room than another latrine, washing
place,
bath, or terrace, in case of multi–storied
buildings unless the floor is watertight.
It should have a platform or seat of
watertight, non–absorbent materials.
It should be provided with the impervious
floor sloping towards the drain with a
suitable grade
and not towards the verandah or any
other room.
Store Room
Store rooms should be located near the
kitchen and should have sufficient number
of racks.
Standard size of store room may range
from: 2500mm (8ft) X 2500mm (8ft) to
3000mm (10ft) X 3000mm (10ft)
  The height of Room: The Storeroom should not be less than 2.2 m.
 Minimum Area: The minimum area of the storeroom should not be less
than 3 sq. m.
DIMENSIONS IN DIMENSIONS
SIZE
MT.+(AREA) IN FT.+(AREA)
LARGE 3.65 x 4.26(15.55) 12 x 14(168)

MEDIUM 2.44 x 3.05(7.42) 8 x 10(80)

SMALL 1.52X1.83 (2.80) 5 x 6(30)

Staircase Room
Minimum Size of Side: The minimum width of the stair is 1 m.
The height of the Stair: The minimum clear headroom shall be 2.2 m.
Requirement:
The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mm for residential
buildings.
The maximum height of rising shall be 190 mm for residential buildings.
Verandah
The best location for verandah is south and west.
It segregates the private apartment from the entrance area.
Each house should have one front and rear verandah.
The veranda should shade the walls of the building during greater part of
the day. For this it is necessary that it must not have openings of a height
greater than 2:3rd of the floor width.
Verandah have width ranging from 1800mm (6ft) to 3000mm (10ft)
Verandah opening should always have a chajja projection for protection
from sunlight and rain water.

Standard Room Size for Garage

Residential Garage means a structure whether
or not attached which is ancillary to a dwelling.
It is used for the parking and storage of vehicles
Owned and operated by the residents of such
 dwelling.
Minimum Area: The minimum area of the garage
should not be less than 12.5 sq. m.
The height of the Room: The Garage should
not be less than 2.4 m.
Boundary Wall
the maximum height of the compound wall shall be 1.5 m above the
centerline of the front street.
Compound walls up to 2.4 m in height may be permitted if the top 0.9 m is of
open type construction of a design to be approved by the authority.
In the case of a corner plot, the height of the boundary wall shall be restricted
to 0.75 m for a length of 10 m on the front and side of the intersection and
the balanced height may be made up of open-type construction (through
railings) and of design to be approved by the authority.

Dining Room and Table

the dining room should be provided in rear of the drawing or living room and
near the kitchen.
 In modern houses drawing room and dining room are combined to have a big
room for special occasions. For orthodox families dining room is kept separate.
It should have a floor area not less than 9.5m2 with a minimum width of 2.4m.
According to OBC, dining room shall have at least 3.25 m2 of floor space when
combined with other rooms, and at least 7.0m2 of area when not combined.
minimum dimension of 2.3 m.
Dining rooms vary greatly in size. It should be ensured that furniture is
accommodated.
Natural ventilation shall be provided.

Size of room 8’x8’ 10’x8’10” 12’x9’ 14’x9’ 16’x9’ 18’x10’

Types of Dining table 2seater 4Seater 6seater 8seater 10seater 10seater
Square shape table 2’6” 3’-5’ 4’- 6’ 6ft 7ft 8ft
Round shape Table Min 2’6”- 3’ 3’ – 4’ 5’ – 6’ 6’-7’ 7’-8’ 8’-9’

Rectangular / Oval shape table 2’x2’6” 4’x3’ 6’x3’ 8’x3’6” 10’x4’ 12’x4’6
Study Room
A study, also known as a home office, is a room in a house that is used for
paperwork, computer work, or reading.
a room should not be less than 5 square meters and the breath of the room
should not be less than 2 meters.
today studies are generally either used to operate a home business or else
open to the whole family.

Guest Room
Guest room should be well lighted and ventilated. It should be located on one
side of the building, generally by the side of the drawing room.
Guest should be disconnected from inside of the house and should have
separated bathroom and water closet.

The following are the suggested standard measurements for guest bedrooms of
various sizes:
  Large: 4.27 m x 5.49 m
 Medium: 3.65 m x 4.27 m
 Small: 3.05 m x 4.27 m
 Very Small: 2.9 m x 3.65 m

The following are the suggested standard measurements for a guest bathroom of
various sizes are:

 Large: 2.14 m x 3.65 m

 Medium: 1.83 m x 3.04 m
 Small: 1.52 m x 2.74 m
 Very Small: 1.2 m x 2.44 m

Dressing Room
A dressing room is a room in a theatre where performers can dress and get
ready for their performance.
the length of one of the walls should not be less than 2 meters.
 Sizes Dimension (meter) Dimension (feet)
Minimum 2.5 x 2.1 8′ x 7′
Average 3.0 x 2.1 10′ x 7′
Standard 3.0 x 2.5 10′ x 8′

REFERENCE
https://theconstructor.org/building/types-site-selection-residential-building/5995/

https://medium.com/@rohitgurjar009/criteria-for-selection-of-site-for-residential-
construction-project-6765f3d64311

https://portella.com/blog/influence-of-zoning-in-architecture/

https://www.findlaw.com/realestate/land-use-laws/types-of-zoning.html

https://theconstructor.org/building/size-room-location-building/13269/

https://civiconcepts.com/blog/standard-room-size

https://designingidea.com/stair-dimensions/

https://civiljungle.com/room-size/

https://medium.com/@bettymoore/dressing-room-15-basic-rules-672342b0aa47