INTEGRATED SHORELINE MANAGEMENT

PLAN (ISMP)
Ts. Dr. MUHAMMAD SHAZRIL IDRIS BIN IBRAHIM,
B.Eng (Hons.)(USM), M.Eng (UGM), Ph.D (UQ)

www.um.edu.my

www.um.edu.my
Shoreline/Coastal Zone
 The coastal zone has no fixed
administrative boundary;
 The coastal zone usually has no single
entrusted government; coastal zone
governance is an interplay of several
local, regional and national
institutions with different mandates
and responsibilities.

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Shoreline/Coastal Zone
 The coastal zone environment (the
physical and ecological state) is highly
dynamic due to the interaction
processes between the land environment
and the marine environment.
 The coastal zone offers important
ecosystem services with a much wider
geographical significance.
 Settlements in low-lying coastal zones
are very vulnerable to extreme climatic
events and to the impact climate change
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Problem/issues
 Coastal erosion
 Poor planned development
 Land reclamation
 Uncontrolled marine sand mining
 Environmental degradation
 Coastal resources degradation

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Scope of works

 4 Site areas (1 site for each group)

 3 Types of armour units (1 type for each group)
 Coastal protection plan

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Site Area

 Langkawi Island
 Labuan Island
 Port Dickson Waterfront
 Kuala Terengganu

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Group tasks
Site Armour unit Group
Tetrapod Group 1
Site 1: Langkawi Dolos Group 2
BPPT-Lock Group 3
Tetrapod Group 4
Site 2: Labuan Island Dolos Group 5
BPPT-Lock Group 6
Tetrapod Group 7
Site 3: Port Dickson Dolos Group 8
BPPT-Lock Group 9
Tetrapod Group 10
Site 4: K. Terengganu
BPPT-Lock Group 11 9
INTEGRATED SHORELINE MANAGEMENT
PLAN (ISMP)
 a planning framework and tool developed to achieve sustainable shoreline development based on
up to date knowledge of the shoreline environment and best development practices.
 focuses on the evaluation of physical, environmental, and socio-economic aspects on top of
extensive stakeholder consultations to provide shoreline planning alternatives that fulfil the
respective state requirements.

Objectives
 To provide guidelines on implementing sustainable shoreline development and adaptation
strategies to minimize the associated risks.
 To assist the State and various State government agencies or departments in decision making
 To reduce erosion and flooding risk posed to the shoreline areas

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 Prejudice / Challenges for ISMP

Lack of public awareness: “People tend to underestimate risks of natural hazards”

Low political priority: “There are more urgent issues to be addressed”

Lack of institutional cooperation: “ISMP trespasses our field of competence”

Lack of funding: “ISMP investments do not yield short-term visible benefits”

Lack of monitoring: “No information is an excuse for inaction”

Lack of experts: “Experts do not understand politics and vice versa”

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 ISMP Activities

Shoreline
Coastal protection
management
• to evaluate changes options • Delineate coastal • to assist authorities
guidelines
and potential erosion cells and propose and other
or sedimentation • Appraise coastal objectives and • for specific stakeholders in
issues to support the protection options strategy for each unit development activities accessing the ISMP
next phases of the provided from proposed along the
ISMP previous study area
assessments
Shoreline Coastal cells and Decision support
assesment management units system (DSS)

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TASK PHASES IN IDP PROJECT

1. Understanding the existing environment;

2. Definition of coastal cells and Management Units;
3. Definition of Management Unit Objectives and Strategies
» to analyse individual management units and define the specific characteristics and
objectives to set management strategies to meet the State individual objectives;

4. Stakeholder engagement,
» important role in the definition of the management unit objectives and the
establishment of the ISMP guidelines.

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TASK 01: Understanding the existing
environment
 Physical and chemical environment
 Biological environment/ecology
 Human environment- socio economics
 Environmental sensitive areas, reserves and conservation
areas / heritage Areas
 Governance framework

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Example of data

 Topography and bathymetry data

 Meteo-marine: wind, tide, wave, shoreline state
 Geotechnical/Geological data
 Hydrology data
 Land-use (schools, business, recreational)
 Federal and state town planning guidelines
 Endangered fish and wildlife species
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TASK 02: Definition of coastal cells and
management units (MU)
 Over a length of shoreline, the physical characteristics, coastal
features and land use vary tremendously, making it rather difficult to
formulate meaningful guidelines or policies.

 In order to overcome this problem the shoreline is sub-divided into

small units called management units.

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A Management Unit (MU) is defined as a stretch of
coastline that possesses similar features in terms of
physical, ecological and socio-economic
characteristics as well as land use.

Each MU has a number of features or characteristic

elements that provide the basis to determine the
management objectives upon which this unit will be
managed.

Once the management objectives have been

determined, a number of strategies are put in place
to be able to achieve these objectives in a
sustainable and effective way.

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For instance, a town district will be designated as a
MU owing to its current urban land use type as well
as the designated future urban land use as defined
in the Local Plan of the area.

In the case of the State of Perlis shoreline, the

overall coast is connected with only one cell or sub-
cell defined, and therefore no particular reference is
made to this coastal cell in this ISMP but rather to
management units.

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The characterization of the shoreline has been
based on various elements of analysis, these include
included hydrology and coastal processes, water
quality, ecology, land use, socio-economy,
governance; that are applied in an integrated
manner to assist in the identification of the key
features and definition of each individual
management unit.

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TASK 03: Definition of management units
Objectives (MO) and Strategies (MS)

 the identification of key characteristic features of each MU; as well as the issues,
threats, conflicts, proposed developments etc.

a) Coastal processes – morphology, erosion and flooding;

b) Socio-economic values (ports, fishing jetties, hotels, housing, etc.);
c) Environmental and ecological importance areas;
d) Water quality;
e) Historical or archaeological values;
f) Recreational, landscape, aesthetical values;
g) Particular value or relevance (protected areas or areas with particular usage).

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Management objectives (MOs)
1. Protect (reduce hazard risk)
» Flood risk reduction
» Erosion mitigation
» Flood prevention
2. Accommodate
» Policy cycle/framework
» Capacity building
» Climate change adaptation
3. Retreat
» Land use
» Tourism
» Environmental Impact Assessment

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MO1: Protect (risk)
MOs Indicators Measurements MSs
Sea level rise ???? Build/maintain hard
structures

Coastal erosion and ??? Beach nourishment and

accretion dune restoration
Protect
Existing tangible assets ??? Replace/reinforce
existing structures with
soft structures/measures

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Hard Structure: Rubble mound breakwater

 To protect coastal features.

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Armour units – existing

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Tetrapod

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BPPT-Lock

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Dolos

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Next phase: Fabricating armour unit

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Soft structure: mangrove zone

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Geotechnical: Earthwork improvements

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MO2: Accommodate (vulnerability)
MOs Indicators Measurements MSs
Demand for property ???? Building codes
transformation

Area of built-up land ??? Construction

technology

Accommodate Rate of development of ??? ???

previously undeveloped
land

Demand for road travel ??? Emergency

on coast evacuation
management

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Building codes and concrete materials

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MO3: Retreat (exposure)
MOs Indicators Measurements MSs
Area of sensitive/protected ???? Land-use
land and sea regulation/zoning

Effective management of ??? Relocation and

sensitive sites replanning existing
Retreat assets

Change in significance of ??? ???

coastal and marine
habitats

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EIA/LCA

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TASK 04: Stakeholder engagement

 the identification of key characteristic features of each MU; as well as the issues, threats,
conflicts, proposed developments and etc
 Enhanced effectiveness, public knowledge, understanding and awareness - Public
participation can be a mechanism to break down and address complex decisions by
different stakeholders who can provide new information, views, needs and interests;
 Meet growing demand for public participation - A growing public desire to be involved
in decisions that will affect them has influenced the need for greater transparency in
decision-making processes.

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Limit Of Shoreline Area

 One of the important decisions in carrying out the ISMP is to

determine the limits of the shoreline area.
 The limit may vary from place to place, but as a general
guide, the following landward and seaward limits have been
adopted:
» Landward limit is about 1 km from shoreline (at MHWS)
» Seaward limit is about 3 km where the coastal processes have little impact on
the shoreline
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THANK YOU
Ts. Dr. MUHAMMAD SHAZRIL IDRIS BIN IBRAHIM,
B.Eng (Hons.)(USM), M.Eng (UGM), Ph.D (UQ)

www.um.edu.my

www.um.edu.my