 Coastal Resource Management Planning

a participatory process of planning, implementing and monitoring sustainable uses of

coastal resources through collective action and sound decision-making

 Barangay LGU
 Municipal/City Government
 Provincial Government

PLANNING- is a way of organizing the attention, resources and energy of government

agencies, resource user groups, non-government organizations (NGOs) and others on the
coastal issues that matter most to the community.
Collaborative Management or co-managed- is based on the participation of all individuals
and groups that have a stake in the management of the resource
 Stakeholder
 Roles and Responsibility
 Social, cultural and economic objectives
Coastal Area/Zone- is band a dry land an adjacent ocean space (water and submerged
land) in which terrestrial process and uses directly affect ocean processes and uses and
viseversa
Municipal Waters- within the territorial jurisdiction of municipalities to include the streams,
lakes, inland bodies of water, and tidal waters within the municipality that are not within
protected areas, public forest timber lands, forest reserves or fishery reserves.
Municipality/City CRM Plan- defines the goals, objectives, policies, and strategies for
managing coastal resources over a 5 year or medium-term time horizon consistent with the
goals, objectives and time frame.
Provincial CRM Framework Plan- sets the policy framework and development direction of
the province. It contains guidelines on how to implement the different coastal management
programs and strategies at the provincial and municipal levels.
IMPORTANCE OF CRM PLANNING
 Guides local Chief Executive on priority issues to be addressed
 Establishes local legislative agenda for municipal, city, and provincial councils
 Provides direction to technical staff on actions to be taken to address priority issues
 Provides a framework for making informed decisions about coastal resource use
 Provides continuity during changes in political administration
 Contributes to the long-term sustainability of economic development activities
EXISTING CONDITIONS OF ICRM
 INADEQUATE MANAGEMENT
 FISHERIES DECLINING
 COASTAL HABITATS DEGRADED
 POVERTY AND INCREASING POPULATION IN COASTAL COMMUNITIES

Monitored and history of fish caught from 1940-2000.

Management Planning Processes Adapted for Philippines LGU

Monitoring and Evaluation can also serve as an intervention in itself when participatory
methods are employed and when evaluation results are widely publicized through
education and outreach programs.
Monitoring
 Track changes in key administrative and socio economic variables
 ensure that planned activities are occurring as designed and to detect emerging
administrative problems
Evaluation
Assess the effectiveness of new program strategies, diagnose, and implementation
problems, make adjustments in strategies, make decision about the program, management
termination or replication and for a host of other purposes
TYPES OF EVALUATION APPROACHES
Performance Evaluation
 Quality of the execution of a project or program and the degree to which the terms
of reference and budget commitments were met
 Focus on accountability and quality control
 Management Capacity Assessment
 Assess the adequacy of management structures and governance processes as these
apply ti generally accepted standards and experience
 Focus on institutional capacity capacity and support mechanism
Outcome Evaluation
 Evaluate impacts of a program or project on coastal; resource and socioeconomic
conditions
 Focus on measured impacts on people and the environment
ILLUSTRATIVE COMPOSITION AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY
 Mayor/Vice mayor - Chairs municipal CRM evaluation team
 SB Member - Evaluates municipal legislative and policy agenda relative to national
framework
 MPDO - consistency of M-CRM plan with other Municipal and Provincial Plans
 MAO - evaluates activities and capacity of MFARMC and other resource
management organizations in the municipality; monitors and evaluates fisheries
production
 MENRO - Assess environmental impacts of shoreline development, pollution & water
quality
 MFARMC - Evaluates level of implementation of CRM plan and related policies and
local legislation; evaluates community organizations and support for ICM
 Bantay Dagat - Assesses effectiveness of local patrol efforts
 Local PNP - Evaluates capacity of local staff and operational assets for coastal law
enforcement
 Local NGO - Evaluates community organization and support for CRM, monitors and
evaluates socioeconomic conditions in coastal communities
 Academe - Monitors and evaluates biophysical conditions of coral reefs, fisheries,
seagrass beds, and mangrove areas
 Private Sector - Conduct cost-benefit analyses and financial reviews of municipal CRM
Program
 PPDO - Assist in information management and analysis
 PAgO (PAO) - Assist in monitoring and evaluation of environment-friendly livelihood
alternatives
 PENRO -LGU - Assist in evaluating environmental impacts from activities outside the
municipalities territorial jurisdiction
 DENR- shoreline development impacts, water quality assessment, compliance of
industries
 BFAR - fisheries health, MFARMC and management measures
 DILG - institutional capacity of municipal and Brgy. for CRM including fiscal
responsibility, revenue generation and other governance indicators.
Key legislation
1991 Local Government Code (RA 7160)
Its influence on coastal management revolves around the key features of political
autonomy and decentralization, and resource generation and mobilization.
Provisions related to political autonomy and decentralization
Sec. 3 (f) Local government units may group themselves, consolidate or coordinate their
efforts, services, and resources for purposes commonly beneficial to them;
Sec. 3 (i) Local government units shall share with the national government the responsibility in
the management and maintenance of ecological balance within the territorial jurisdiction,
subject to the provisions of this Code and national policies;
Provisions related to political autonomy and decentralization
Sec. 26 Duty of National Government Agencies in the Maintenance of Ecological Balance.
Sec. 27 Prior Consultations Required
Sec. 34 Role of People’s and Non-governmental Organizations.
Sec. 33 Cooperative Undertakings Among Local Government Units.
Sec. 35 Linkages with People’s and Non-governmental Organizations.
Sec. 36 Assistance to People’s and Non-governmental Organizations.
Provisions pertaining to resource generation and mobilization
Sec. 3(d) The vesting of duty, responsibility, and accountability in local government units shall
be accompanied with provision for reasonably adequate resources to discharge their
powers and effectively carry out their functions.
Sec. 129 Power to Create Sources of Revenue.
Sec. 186 Power To Levy Other Taxes, Fees or Charges
Sec. 289 Share in the Proceeds from the Development and Utilization of the National
Wealth.

Reef conservation and Three (3) themes to address problem in coastal community
1. Reversing degradation of coastal resources
• Project 1: Understanding material transfers from watersheds and reducing
‘downstream’ effects of agriculture and forestry on coastal aquatic ecosystems
• Project 2: Addressing non-optimal use of resources through valuation and
“environmental payments”
 • Project 3: Identifying, mapping and strengthening management of critical
coastal habitats
2. Enhancing livelihoods of coastal people
• Project 4: Understanding the factors determining livelihoods for poor coastal
people and facilitate the application of ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF).
• Project 5: Restoring production from capture fisheries.
• Project 6: Developing technologies for alternative or supplementary livelihoods
for coastal people.

3. Capacity building and information/data base management.

 Project 7: Resource mapping (Biodiversity Information System) for effective resource
management and monitoring.
•Project 8: Capacity Building in Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resources
Management.

MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

 The establishment of fish sanctuaries were facilitated by BFAR. The
introduction of these measures is hoped to result in the increase of fish catch
thereby increasing the income of the fisher folks in the ICRMP regions in the
future.
 establishment of 26 MPAs
 strengthening of 51 existing MPAs.
 24,908.02 hectares are placed under MPA coverage
 5,431.89 hectares are now within the “no-take zones”
 10 MPA sites which are being used as ecotourism destinations

MPA Networks is the partnership among the municipalities with MPAs for collective
conservation, protection and management of marine ecosystems. MPA network
activities were initiated through surveys, meetings and cross visits to existing MPA
networks
 workshops (foundational concepts of MPA networks, coordination
procedures and MPA Network planning)

Linkaging of the MPAs into MPA Networks

The willingness of the different MPAs to group/associate themselves into an MPA
Network determined the suitability for networking
(i) Region 2, Cagayan MPA Network for the Babuyan Corridor
(ii) Region 3, Zambales MPA Network (ZAMPAN) for the Zambales Marine Ecosystem
(iii) Region 5, Masbate MPA Network (MAMPAN) for the Ticao Pass
(iv) Region 7, South West Cebu Cluster for the Daanbantayan Corridor
(v) Region 11, Pacific Seaboard MPA Network of Davao Oriental (PASEMPANDO)
for the Pujada Bay
Agencies that involved to the development and monitoring of Coral Reef, ICRM and
Biodiversity Conservation
1. Philippine Legislation
2. International Conventions, Treaties and Agreements
o International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), founded in 1995, is one example of
member States and organizations solely addressing the management of coral reefs
and related ecosystem.
o United Nations Conference on Environment and Development: Agenda 21
o United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
o The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
o The Basel Convention of 1989
o The Bonn Convention of 1979 International Union of the Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources (IUCN)
o World Heritage Convention Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-Based Activities
o The Convention on International Trade in endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (CITES)
o Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
o Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of Commercial Importance
o International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)
3. The Local Government Code of 1991
4. The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
o Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils (FARMCs)
5. National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992
6. Provincial Legislation
a. Bohol: Cabacongan Fish Sanctuary – The Bohol Environment Code
b. Palawan: El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area – Strategic
environment Plan
7. Municipal Legislation
8. Coastal Law Enforcement Practitioners
The three main types of coral reefs
(i) Fringing- This type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. They form
borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands.
(ii) Barrier- are similar to fringing reefs in that they also border a shoreline; however,
instead of growing directly out from the shore, they are separated from land by
an expanse of water. This creates a lagoon of open, often deep water
between the reef and the shore.
(iii) Atoll- An atoll is a ring-shaped coral reef, island, or series of islets.
An atoll surrounds a body of water called a lagoon.
Sometimes, atolls and lagoons protect a central island. Channels between islets
connect a lagoon to the open ocean or sea.