CHAPTER - 14 DPP

ECOSYSTEM
14.1 Ecosystem: Structure and 8. ________ is defined as the amount of
biomass or organic matter produced
Function
per unit area over a time period by
plants during photosynthesis
1. Vertical distribution of different
A) Gross primary productivity
species occupying different levels is
B) Primary production
called as
C) Secondary production
A) Standing crop
D) None of these
B) Standing state
9. Primary production is expressed as-
C) Stratification
A) K Calm2
D) Decomposition
B) K Cal/m2
2. Identification and enumeration of
C) g/m2
plant and animal species of an
D) both B & C
ecosystem gives its
10. ______ of an ecosystem is the rate of
A) Productivity
production of organic matter during
B) Species composition
photosynthesis
C) Physical structure
A) Net primary productivity
D) Vertical distribution
B) Secondary production
3. Which one of the following is odd one
C) Gross primary productivity
out from others
D) None of these
A) Decomposition
11. Net primary productivity (NPP) equals
B) Energy low
to
C) Nutrient cycling
A) NPP = R – GPP
D) Net primary productivity
B) GPP – R = NPP
4. The autotrophic components include
C) NPP = GPP + R
A) Phytoplankton
D) GPP = R – NPP
B) Some algae
12. The rate of formation of new organic
C) Marginal plants
matter by consumers is called as
D) All of these
A) primary productivity
5. The decomposers is/are the
B) Gross primary productivity
A) Fungi
C) Secondary production
B) Bacteria
D) Respiratory loss
C) Flagellates
13. Primary productivity depends on
D) All of these
A) Variety of environmental factors
6. The consumers is/are
B) Availability of nutrients
A) Zooplankton
C) Photosynthetic capacity of plant
B) Phytoplanktons
D) All of these
C) Marginal plants
14. The annual net primary productivity
D) All of these
of the whole biosphere is
14.2 Productivity approximately
A) 190 million tons
B) 170 million tons
7. What is the basic requirement for any
C) 170 billion tons
ecosystem to function and sustain.
D) None of these
A) Primary production
B) Decomposers
C) Constant input of solar energy
D) Nutrient cycling
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

14.3 Decomposition 21. Bacteria and fungal enzymes degrade

detritus into simpler inorganic
15. Which one of the following is called as substances. This process is called as
“farmer’s friend”? A) Leaching
A) Cow B) Fragmentation
B) Bacteria C) Catabolism
C) Earthworm D) Humification
D) Crops 22. Humification leads to accumulation of
16. Who breaks down complex organic a dark coloured amorphous
matter into inorganic substances like substance called _______
CO2, water etc. A) Pectin
A) Crop roots B) Humus
B) Decomposers C) Lignin
C) Grazing Cattle D) None of these
D) None of these 23. Decomposition rate is slower if
17. The process of breaks down complex A) Detritus rich in lignin & chitin
organic matter into inorganic B) Rich in nitrogen & sugars
substances is called as C) Low in nitrogen & chitin
A) Fragmentation D) Low in lignin
B) Humification 24. ________ favours decompositions
C) Decomposition A) Warm & dry environment
D) Leaching B) Warm & moist environment
18. Detritus is/are C) cold & dry environment
A) Dead plant D) cold & moist environment
B) Dead animals
14.4 Energy flow
C) Fecal matter
D) All of these
25. PAR stands for
19. The correct way of decomposition
A) Percent active radiation
A) Fragmentation → leaching →
B) Photosynthetically active radiation
humification → catabolism →
C) Power angel regulation
mineralization
D) None of these
B) Fragmentation → leaching →
26. Plant capture only ______ of the PAR
catabolism → humification →
and this amount of energy sustains
mineralization
the entire living world
C) Fragmentation → catabolism →
A) 50 – 60 %
leaching → mineralization →
B) 40 – 80 %
humification
C) 2 – 10 %
D) Fragmentation → mineralization →
D) 20 – 40 %
catabolism → leaching →
27. The green plant in the ecosystem are
humification
called
20. _________ break down detritus into
A) Primary consumer
smaller particles
B) Producer
A) Earthworm
C) Secondary consumer
B) Detritivores
D) None of these
C) Phytoplanktons
28. Producers in an aquatic ecosystem
D) Both A & B are correct
A) Phytoplankton
B) Algae
C) Zooplanktons
D) Both A & B
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

29. Generally, primary consumers will be A) Producer → herbivore → primary

A) Carnivores carnivore → secondary carnivore
B) Producers B) Producer → primary carnivore
C) Herbivores →herbivore → secondary carnivore
D) All of these C) Primary carnivore → secondary
30. In ecosystem, GFC stands for carnivore → herbivore → Producer
A) Generic flow control D) None of these
B) Global fund for children
C) Grazing food chain 14.5 Ecological Pyramids
D) None of these
31. Decomposers are also known as 37. Ecological pyramids are
A) Autotrophs A) Pyramid of number
B) Standing crops B) Pyramid of energy
C) Saprotrophs C) Pyramid of biomass
D) None of these D) All of these
32. Based on the source of their nutrition 38. The pyramid of biomass in sea is
or food, organisms occupy a specific A) Always upright
place in the food chain that is known B) Generally inverted
as their C) Both A & B
A) Food web D) None of these
B) Trophic level 39. Pyramid of energy is
C) Niche A) Always inverted
D) Eco level B) Sometime upright
33. Match the following C) Always upright
Column I Column II D) Sometimes inverted
i Plants a Lion 40. Identify the pyramid
ii Carnivores b Phytoplanktons
iii Herbivores c Wolf
iv Top d Cow
Carnivores

A) i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a

B) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a A) Pyramid of number
C) i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-c B) Pyramid of biomass
D) i-d, ii-b, iii-a, iv-c C) Pyramid of energy
34. Each tropical level has a certain D) None of these
mass of living material at a particular 41. Identify the pyramid
time called as the
A) Biomass
B) Standing crop
C) Standing state
D) None of these
35. The standing crop is measured as the
A) Mass of living organisms
B) Biomass
C) The no. in a unit area A) Pyramid of number
D) All of these B) Pyramid of biomass
36. Choose the correct sequence – C) Pyramid of energy
D) None of these
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

42. Identify the pyramid 48. Areas where secondary succession

occurs
A) Burned and cut forests areas
B) Land that have been flooded
C) Abandoned farm lands
D) All are correct
49. Select the correct statement
A) Pyramid of number A) secondary succession is faster
B) Pyramid of biomass than primary succession
C) Pyramid of energy B) primary succession is faster
D) None of these C) Both are a equal speed
D) None of these
14.6 Ecological succession 50. The individual transitional
communities are termed as
43. A community that is in near A) Seral stages
equilibrium with the environment is B) Pioneer
called as C) Seral communities
A) Pioneer community D) Both A & C are correct
B) Middle community
C) Climax community
14.6.1 Succession of plants
D) Sere
44. The gradual and fairly predictable 51. Which type of succession takes place
change in the species composition of a in wet areas
given area is called A) Hydrarch succession
A) Hydrarch succession B) Xerarch succession
B) Ecological succession C) Mesarch succession
C) Pioneer succession D) None of these
D) None of these 52. Xerarch succession occurs in
45. The entire sequence of communities A) Wet areas
that successively change in a given B) Cold areas
area are called C) Dry areas
A) Ecosystem D) All of these
B) Pioneer 53. The species that invade a bare area
C) Sere called
D) All of these A) Sere
46. Areas where primary succession B) Pioneer species
occurs C) Climax species
A) Bare rock D) None of these
B) Newly cold lava 54. In hydrarch succession the
C) Newly created pond successional series progress from
D) All of these A) Mesic to hydric condition
47. Secondary succession begins in areas B) Hydric to mesic condition
where C) Hydric to xeric condition
A) No living organism are there D) Xeric to mesic condition
B) Lost all the living organism 55. In xerarch succession, the succession
C) Natural biotic communities have series progress from
been destroyed A) Xeric to hydric condition
B) Xeric to mesic condition
D) Both B & C
C) Mesic to xeric condition
D) None of these
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

56. Which one of the following occur as a A) Increases

pioneer species on rocks B) Decline and ever disappear
A) Bryophytes C) Migrate
B) Phytoplankton D) None of these
C) Lichens 61. Why does secondary succession is
D) Blue algae faster?
57. Choose the correct sequence of A) Because soil is already is there
succession in water B) They have special power
A) Phytoplanktons → rooted- C) Growth of plants is faster
submerged plants → rooted D) All of these
floating angiosperms → free 62. The climax community remains
floating plants → reed swamp → _______ as long as the environment
marsh-meadow → scrub → the remains _______.
trees → forest A) Ustable, unchanged
B) Phytoplanktons → free floating B) Stable, unchanged
plants → rooted-submerged plants C) Stable, changed
→ rooted floating angiosperms → D) Stable, changed
reed swamp → scrub → marsh- 63. The word (term) use for medium water
meadow → the trees → forest conditions
C) Phytoplanktons → rooted- A) Xeric
submerged plants → reed swamp B) Hydric
→ rooted floating angiosperms → C) Mesic
free floating plants → marsh- D) None of these
meadow → scrub → the trees → 64. Choose the correct sequence
forest i) lichens
D) None of these ii) Grasses
58. Choose the correct statement- iii) Bryophytes
A) All succession whether taking iv) Higher plants
place in water or on land, proceeds v) Forest
to a different climax community A) i → ii → iii → iv → v
B) All succession whether taking B) i → iii → ii → iv → v
place in water or on land, proceeds C) i → iv → ii → iii → v
to a similar climax community the D) v → iv → i → ii → iii
mesic 65. in hydrarch succession, after climax
C) All succession whether taking with time the water body is converted
place in water or on land, proceeds into
to a similar climax community the A) River
xeric B) Ocean
D) All of these C) Land
59. Which one of the following is not the D) None of these
part of hydrarch succession 66. In hydrarch succession, the pioneer
A) Scrub stage and climax community are
B) Tree respectively
C) Zooplankton A) Forest, Phytoplanktons
D) Submerged plant stage B) Phytoplanktons, Forest
60. During succession some species C) Mess, Trees
colonise an area and their population D) Lichen, Trees
become more numerous whereas
population of other species
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

14.7 Nutrient Cycling 74. Reason behind nutrients never lost

from ecosystem.
67. The amount of nutrients such as A) Because nutrients present in large
carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, amount
calcium etc present in the soil at any B) Because they are recycled
given time is referred to as the C) Because they have no use
A) Nutrients cycle D) All of the above
B) Standing crop
14.7.1 Ecosystem-Carbon Cycle
C) Standing state
D) None of these
75. Percent of carbon constitutes in dry
68. Standing stand varies in
weight of organism
A) Different kinds of ecosystem
A) 60%
B) On a season basis
B) 39%
C) Different kinds of nutrients
C) 49%
D) Both A & B
D) 71%
69. The movement of nutrients elements
76. Which is the first & second most
through the various components of an
abundant constituent of an organism?
ecosystem can be called
A) Water, phosphorus
A) Gaseous cycle
B) Water, carbon
B) Nutrient cycling
C) Carbon, water
C) Sedimentary cycle
D) Carbon, phosphorus
D) All of these
77. How much of total quantity of global
70. Another name of nutrient cycling is
carbon is dissolved in the oceans?
A) Gaseous cycle
A) 88%
B) Biological cycle
B) 75%
C) Biogeochemical cycle
C) 81%
D) Biophysical
D) 71%
71. Reservoir for gaseous type of nutrient
78. Carbon cycling occurs through
cycle
A) Atmosphere
A) Earth’s crust
B) Living & dead organism
B) Rock
C) Ocean
C) The atmosphere
D) All of the above
D) Water bodies
79. How much at carbon in fixed annually
72. Reservoir for sedimentary type of
in the biosphere through
Nutrient cycle
photosynthesis?
A) Ocean
A) 8 × 1012 kg
B) Earth's crust
B) 4 × 1012 kg
C) Rock
C) 4 × 1013 kg
D) Atmosphere
D) 4.9 × 10 kg
73. Environmental factor to regulate the
80. Additional sources for releasing CO2
rate of release of nutrients into the
in the atmosphere is/are-
atmosphere.
A) Burning of wood
A) Soil
B) Forest fire
B) Moisture
C) Fossil fuel
C) Temperature & pH
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

81. Human activities have significantly B) Gaseous exchange of phosphorus

increased the rate of released of CO2 b/w organism & environment are
into the atmosphere by low.
A) Rapid deforestation C) Gaseous exchange at phosphorus
B) Massive burning of fossil b/w organism & environment are
C) Both A and B negligible.
D) None of the above D) None at these
88. In natural resevoirs, phosphorus
14.7.2 Ecosystem-Phosphorus present in the form of
Cycle A) Phosphite
B) Pyrophosphate
82. Phosphorus is a major constituent of C) Phosphates
A) Biological membranes D) None of the above
B) Nucleic acids 89. Identify the blanks
C) Cellular energy transfer unit Consumers Producers
D) All of the above
83. Rock is the natural reservoir of
C
A) Carbon A
B) Nitrogen Decomposition
C) Phosphorus
B Uptake
D) None at these
84. Herbivores & other animals obtain
Run off
Phosphorus from D
A) Rock Rock minerals
B) Plants A B C D
C) Ocean A Detritu Weathe Soil Litter
D) Lake ) s ring soluti fall
85. The waste products and the dead on
organism are decomposed by ________ B Litter Weathe Detrit Soil
releasing phosphorus. ) fall ring us solutio
A) Fungi n
B) Phosphate-solubilising bacteria C Weathe Litter Soil Detritu
) ring fall soluti s
C) Phosphate-unsolubising bacteria
on
D) None of the above
D Detritu Soil Litter Weathe
86. Choose the correct statement. ) s solutio fall ring
A) Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus n
through rainfall are much smaller 90. Which one of the following is not a
than carbon inputs. Gaseous nutrient cycle?
B) Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus A) Oxygen cycle
through rainfall are larger than B) Nitrogen cycle
carbon inputs. C) Sulphur cycle
C) Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus D) None of the above
through rainfall are equal to the 91. Animals need large quantities of
carbon inputs. phosphorus to make
D) None of the above A) Shells
87. Choose the more correct statement. B) Teeth
A) Gaseous exchange at phosphorus C) Bones
b/w organism & environment are D) All of the above
very high.
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

14.8 Ecosystem Services 97. GNP stands for

A) Grand national product
92. The products of ecosystem processes B) Gross national product
are named as C) Gross national produce
A) Environmental services D) None of these
B) Ecosystem goods 98. Out of the total cost at various
C) Ecosystem services ecosystem services the soil formation
D) All of the above accounts for about.
93. Healthy ecosystems are the base for a A) 40%
A) Wide range of economic B) 60%
B) Environmental C) 50%
C) Aesthetic goods & services D) 30%
D) All of the above 99. The cost of climate regulation &
94. Examples of Ecosystem services habitat for wildlife are
A) Healthy forest ecosystem purify air A) 8% each
& water B) 6% at overall
B) Generate fertile soil C) 6% each
C) Provide storage site for carbon D) None at the above
D) All of the above 100. The value of the global GNP
95. ________ & his colleagues have very A) US $ 28 trillion
recently tried to put price tags on B) US $ 18 Billion
nature's life-support services. C) US $ 33 trillion
A) Robert frost D) US $ 18 trillion
B) Robert Constanza 101. Choose the correct statement.
C) Robert hook A) Value of Ecosystem services at
D) Robert Clive biodiversity is difficult to
96. Researchers have put an average price determine.
tag of ________ a year on fundamental B) Value of Ecosystem services of
ecosystem services. biodiversity is very easy to
A) US $ 33 billion determine.
B) US $ 44 billion C) No need to determine the value of
C) US $ 44 trillion Ecosystem services.
D) US $ 33 trillion D) None of these
 CHAPTER - 14 DPP

ANSWER KEY
ECOSYSTEM

Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B D D D A C B D C
Q 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans B C D C C B C D B D
Q 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans C B A B B C B D C C
Q 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans C B A B D A D B C D
Q 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Ans C A C B C D D D A D
Q 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans A C B B B C A B C B
Q 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Ans A B C B C B C D D C
Q 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Ans C B D B C B D D C D
Q 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Ans C D C B B A C C D C
Q 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Ans D C D D B D B C C D
Q 101
Ans A