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Chapter 2
Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology
1. In comparing Eastern and Western cultures, Western culture has placed more emphasis
on_____________, while Eastern cultures have placed more emphasis
on______________.
2. What is one of the authors’ interpretations of the Chinese proverb, “A good fortune
may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune”?
a. Life is filled with twists and turns that we encounter as we age.
b. *Life involves a delicate balance between suffering and feeling good.
c. Life involves luck; happenstance drives most of our happiness.
d. Life presents a series of choices, some good and some bad.
3. Though scholars have begun to consider the extent to which all cultures and values
inform positive psychology research and practice, which perspective has been largely
ignored to date?
a. *Eastern
b. Western
c. Indo-European
d. Eurasian
4. With regard to optimal functioning, Easterners are more likely to view life as being
__________, while Westerners are more likely to view life as being _____________.
*a. a question of balance; a linear progression
b. a linear progression; a question of balance
c. a question of balance; the result of probability
d. outside of personal control; within the boundaries of personal control
7. The Eastern search for spiritual transcendence parallels which concept in the West?
a. belief in an afterlife or heaven
b. financial independence
*c. pursuits for a better life on earth
d. leaving a legacy
8. What pathway to the good life is commonly associated with Eastern religious
traditions?
a. Goal-directed pursuits happiness
b. Spiritual pursuits of subjective well-being
c. *Spiritual pursuits of transcendence and enlightenment
d. Goal-directed pursuits through good deeds
12. In the New Testament of the Bible, gifts that are valued by God include all of the
following except
*a. perseverance.
b. leadership.
c. hospitality.
d. mercy.
15. According to Confucianism, what are the five virtues associated with a moral
existence?
a. *Humanity, duty, etiquette, wisdom, truthfulness
b. Humanity, duty, etiquette, wisdom, courage
c. Humanity, love, etiquette, wisdom, courage
d. Humanity, duty, etiquette, wisdom, love
18. “Suffering is part of being.” This philosophical tenet is commonly associated with
which religious tradition?
a. *Buddhism
b. Confucianism
c. Hinduism
d. Taoism
Now ready, 8vo., cloth lettered, with 315 Woodcuts, price 15s.,
The First Volume of
TURNING AND MECHANICAL MANIPULATION. By CHARLES
HOLTZAPFFEL, Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers. The
work, which will be completed in Five Vols., is intended as a work of
General Reference and Practical Instruction on the Lathe and the
various Mechanical pursuits followed by Amateurs.
Each volume may be purchased separately, and will form a distinct
treatise on the branch to which it is appropriated. Vol. I. treats of
materials from the vegetable, animal, and mineral kingdoms; their
uses in the mechanical arts; modes of severally preparing, working,
and joining the materials; with the practical description of a variety of
processes, which do not generally require the use of tools with
cutting edges.—Vol. II. (to be published in April, 1843) will treat of
cutting tools and abrasive processes.—Vol. III., the complete
practice of hand or simple turning.—Vol. IV., practice of ornamental
or complex turning.—Vol. V., practice of amateur engineering.
Published by Holtzapffel & Co., 64, Charing Cross, and 127, Long
Acre, London, and to be had of all booksellers.
Prospectuses free by post.
Just published, complete in 1 vol. price 2l. 10s. and in Parts at 5s.
each,
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA of TREES and SHRUBS; being the
Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum abridged, for the use of
Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Foresters.
The abridgment of the Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum
contains:—
1. Characters and short popular descriptions of all the species and
varieties of hardy trees and shrubs now in British gardens, with
directions for their culture; including the soil most suitable for them,
their propagation, and their uses in the arts, and more especially in
landscape-gardening and profitable planting.
2. Engravings of all the species which are described, to one and
the same scale, of which a figure, 1, a beautiful new species of
Cytisus (Cytisus Weldenii), and fig. 2, a species of pine from Mexico
(Pinus Teocotes), are here given as specimens.
3. The scientific names and scientific synonymes of all the
species, and their popular names in the languages of the different
countries where they are indigenous or cultivated.
4. An alphabetical index to all the species and varieties, with their
synonymes.
5. A tabular analysis of the leaves, by which the name of any
species of tree or shrub described in the work may, in general, be
discovered, from a small portion of a shoot with the leaves on.
6. Specific characters, descriptions, and figures of some species,
more particularly of pines, firs, and oaks, which were not in the
country in 1838, when the large work was completed.
7. An analysis of the commoner trees and shrubs of Britain, with
reference to their uses in plantations, useful or ornamental, their
adaptation for particular soils and situations, their flowers and time of
flowering, &c. &c.
In a word, though this abridgment does not include all the
interesting and useful information on the natural history of trees
which will be found in the larger work, or any of the portraits of entire
trees which constitute so distinguished a feature in it, yet it contains
all that is necessary to enable the reader to discover the names of
the different species, and to ascertain their culture, propagation, and
uses in Britain; in short, all that is essential for the nurseryman,
gardener, and forester.