LAB REPORT

COURSE GEOTECHNICAL AND HIGHWAY ENGINEERING LABORATORY

COURSE DCC30112
CODE
CLASS DKA3A

NAME MAISARAH BINTI ZAINAL

MATRIX ID 08DKA21F2066

GROUP 4 NAME MATRIX NO

MEMBER NUR SOFEA QISTINA BINTI 08DKA21F1050
MOHD SATAR
MUHMMAD KHAIRUL 08DKA21F1045
HIRZAMIE BIN HILMAN
TITTLE VOLUME TRAFFIC STUDY REPORT

LECTURER PN. RABEAH ADAWIYAH BINTI HASHIM

NAME

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 Content

Content Page

Cover Page 1,2

Content

1.0 Introduction 3
1.1Definition of Volume Traffic Study
1.2Objective
2.0Apparatus 4

3.0Procedure 5

4.0Results and Analysis 7,8

5.0Discussion and Conclusion 9,11

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Transportation system is a dynamic system. Information about traffic must be

regularly updated to keep pace with ever changing transportation system. Traffic volume
survey is important to determine the current condition and to predict the future condition of
traffic volume. The term traffic volume study can be termed as traffic flow survey. It is
defined as the procedure to determine mainly volume of traffic moving on the roads at a
particular section during a particular time. In this study, the students are required to collect
and analyze the data systematically. The data can be used for variation traffic engineering
purposes such as traffic monitoring, traffic forecasting and others

1.1 OBJECTIVE
1. To determine the vehicle composition in the traffic flow stream.
2. To observe the traffic flow trend and movement pattern.
3. To estimate hourly volume and average daily traffic (ADT)

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2.0 APPARATUS

1.Safety Vest

2. Watch
3.Survey form

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3.0 PROCEDURE
1. Select the suitable junction. (Make sure the junction chosen not dangerous and does not
interfere with existing traffic)
2. Determine the rate of traffic flow at the selected arca. Record the number of the vehicles
every five (5) minutes
3. Do the observation for 20 minutes.
4. Assume that the total of P.C.U for every five minutes intervals for all types of vehicles

4.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

DATA / RESULTS
Start from 2.30 pm to 3.00 pm

Location: GIANT TO TTDI (NORTH = UTARA)

Date: 15/5/2023

NORTH
Time / Group lane Car Motorbike Bus Heavy Vehicle
2.35 38 8 - -

2.40 34 10 - 3
2.45 17 9 - 4
2.50 9 3 - 1

2.55 18 2 - -

3.00 16 3 - -
Total 132 35 - 8

Location: BUKIT JELUTONG TO GIANT (SOUTH = SELATAN)

Date: 15/5/2022

SOUTH

Time / Group lane Car Motorbike Bus Heavy Vehicle

2.35 28 12 - 6
2.40 20 8 - 2

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 2.45 27 6 - 2

2.50 25 3 - 2

2.55 27 7 - 3

3.00 29 6 - 1

Total 156 42 - 16

Location: SUBANG TO AEON (EAST = TIMUR)

Date: 15/5/2022

EAST

Time / Group lane Car Motorbike Bus Heavy Vehicle

2.35 140 18 1 13
2.40 87 25 - 18

2.45 7 12 - 6

2.50 114 15 - 7

2.55 8 7 - 2

3.00 86 20 1 22
Total 442 97 2 68

Location: AEON TO SUBANG (WEST = BARAT)

Date: 15/5/2022

WEST
Time / Group lane Car Motorbike Bus Heavy Vehicle

2.35 130 30 - 27

2.40 140 33 - 15
2.45 123 8 - 27

2.50 102 3 - 12

2.55 95 6 - 10

3.00 86 12 - 13
Total 676 92 - 104

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 Lane group North South East West Total

Car 132 156 442 676 1406

Motorbike 35 42 97 92 266

Bus - - 2 - 2

Heavy Vehicle 8 16 68 104 196

5.0DISCUSSION:
i)Determine the traffic flow rate in pcu/hr.

Unit Lane Group North South East West

Q Flow Car 132 156 442 676
(Pcu/hr) Heavy 8 16 68 104
Vehicle
Bus 0 0 2 0
Motorcycle 35 42 97 92
Bicycle 0 0 0 0
Flow, q(pcu/hr) (132 × 1) + (156 × 1) + (442× 1) + (676 × 1) +
(8 × 1.75) + (16× 1.75) + (68 × 1.75) + (104 × 1.75) +
(0 × 2.25) + (0 × 2.25) + (2× 2.25) + (0 × 2.25) +
(35 × 0.33) (42 × 0.33) (97 × 0.33) (92 × 0.33)
=157.55 =197.86 =597.51 =888.36

2. From the traffic study, design the traffic light system for junction of study location by take
into account
i. Time-between green =4 seconds
ii. Yellow time=3 seconds
iii. Lost time 2 seconds
1.Select maximum value

Y(E/W) =0.22

Y(N/S)=0.06
Y=∑Y maximum

Y=0.22+0.06
=0.28

2.Total lost time per cycle

L=(I-A) + (I-A) + L1+L2

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 L=(4-3) + (4-3) + 2+2
=6 s

3.Optimum cycle time

𝟏. 𝟓𝑳 + 𝟓
𝟏−𝒀

𝟏. 𝟓(𝟔) + 𝟓
𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖
=23.61 ≈ 𝟐𝟒 𝒔

4.Effective green time

CO-L
=24-6
=18 s

5.Effective green time for each phase

𝒀(𝑵/𝑺) 𝟎.𝟎𝟔
Phase 1 N/S g(i) × 𝒈 = 𝟎.𝟐𝟖 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 ≈ 𝟒𝒔
𝒀

𝒀(𝑵/𝑺) 𝟎.𝟐𝟐
Phase 2V W/S G(ii) ) × 𝒈 = 𝟎.𝟐𝟖 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏 ≈ 𝟏𝟒𝒔
𝒀

6.Actual green time

K =g(i) + (l-a)

Phase 1 N/S: K1 =4+(2-3)

=3s
Phase 1 N/S: K1 =14+(2-3)
=13s

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7.Traffic Signal Diagram

4. State traffic light functions, such as the advantages and weaknesses.

Advantages of traffic signals are as follows:
1. Traffic signals help for movement of traffic securely without any collision.
2. They can reduce the number of accidents on roads like pedestrian accident and right-
angle collision of two cars.
3. Signals can increase the capacity of traffic handling at the intersection.
4. The traffic signals help for the safe movement of slow-moving traffic by interrupting heavy
traffic at regular intervals.
5. The indications of the signals can be seen easily in foggy weather or at night time. Without
signalling system, it is very difficult to control traffic by the traffic policeman at night or in
foggy weather or on a rainy day.
6. Traffic control by signals is accurate and economical as compared to traffic police control.

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7. Under favourable conditions, they provide for continuous motion of traffic along a specified
path.

Disadvantages of Traffic Signals

Disadvantages of traffic signals are as follows:
1. They delay the traffic by stopping the vehicles at the intersection during peak hours.
2. During signals breakdown, there are serious and wide-spread traffic difficulties during
peak hours.

5.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

DISCUSSION
After administering this test, the goal is to compile data and get outcomes. It was possible for
me to learn more about how long it takes for each traffic light to turn on and off. I also
discover how the traffic lights at each crossroads work. During rush hour or when traffic are
broken, the police or the road transport division will take control of the situation. I can finally
estimate how many automobiles will pass when the traffic signal turns green in five minutes.
Based on the report of the traffic study of the volume of the intersection we made on
15/5/2023 and we did it in front of the Traffic light facing PSA. So, we make a discussion,
among them is that there are only a few vehicles passing for the first 5 minutes of time to the
last 5 minutes for 20 minutes. This is probably because we did a traffic study of the volume
of the intersection at 2:30 pm to 3:00 pm causing not many vehicles to pass because at that
time it was not the return time of work or the time to go to work. In addition, the journey for
cars in the crossroads traffic study was 76.87% while heavy vehicle only got 9.28 %, bus got
0.17% motorcycles got 19.69 % and bicycle got 0%

CONCLUSION
Lastly, the three main goals of the traffic volume analysis were met. To begin, data was
collected to determine the vehicle composition in the traffic flow stream for 30 minutes.
Small-goods vehicles were the most prevalent vehicles going through the T-junction, while
buses were the least prevalent. The population preferred the personalized automobile to
public transportation, according to the findings. The research, on the other hand, might not
be performed during peak public transportation hours. Therefore, the least number of buses
are available at the time. The data was then depicted graphically in the form of a pie chart
and a line graph to compare the number of vehicles traveling through the intersection over
time. The traffic flow trend and movement pattern were observed through this graphical
analysis. The conversion factors for P.C.U from The Road Engineering Association of
Malaysia, Arahan Teknik Jalan 8/86 A Guide on Geometric Design of Roads, were used to
measure the number of vehicles in veh/hr and traffic volume in pcu/hr data for geometric
design of road to avoid congestion. These data were used to improve the road segment,
such as widening it and installing a traffic control system to ensure that traffic flowed
smoothly in all directions. However, due to the time constraint of 30 minutes, this was not
possible. Since it needs traffic volume data for one week, the average daily traffic (ADT)
could not be determined. As a result, they will be able to determine whether it is appropriate
to upgrade the road’s geometric features, add a control system, or develop a road policy to

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minimize the number of specific types of vehicles on the road. Overall, a traffic volume report
aids in the analysis of traffic conditions and patterns. Additionally, provide pertinent
information to improve traffic quality

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