CE6603

Highway infrastructure Design

Assignment – Road note 31

JRM Bogahawatte 219568F

Department of Civil Engineering

University of Moratuwa
Sri Lanka
 Question 1
ESA is calculated for each axle and taken the summation.
E.g. For A1

Axle ESA
conf Total Axle
S/No Vehicle Type Load Axle 1 Axle 2 Axle 3 Axle 4 Axle 5 6 Total ESA
1 9 1.2 3.69 0.0008 0.0018 0 0 0 0 0.002623914
2 9 1.2 9.575 0.0531 0.1465 0 0 0 0 0.199604392
1.2-
3 12 22 18.435 0.0344 0.1311 0.0722 0.0944 0 0 0.332140632
4 9 1.2 16.925 0.2102 4.0833 0 0 0 0 4.293488694
5 9 1.2 20.005 0.9173 5.6717 0 0 0 0 6.588974952
6 8 1.2 5.115 0.0059 0.005 0 0 0 0 0.010833604
7 9 1.2 11.72 0.0361 0.8257 0 0 0 0 0.861777772
8 8 1.2 4.475 0.002 0.0043 0 0 0 0 0.006266392
9 8 1.2 10.04 0.014 0.464 0 0 0 0 0.478021366
10 9 1.2 6.62 0.0264 0.0107 0 0 0 0 0.037194408
1.22-
11 13 22 29.185 0.1838 0.1471 0.5449 0.1943 0.1633 0 1.233363613
12 8 1.2 3.25 0.0009 0.0006 0 0 0 0 0.001433938
13 9 1.2 6.55 0.0163 0.0166 0 0 0 0 0.032876314
14 9 1.2 7.975 0.0452 0.035 0 0 0 0 0.080221708
15 8 1.2 2.935 0.0007 0.0003 0 0 0 0 0.000948714
16 10 1.22 8.69 0.0225 0.0036 0.0087 0 0 0 0.0347306
17 9 1.2 13.56 0.0729 1.5541 0 0 0 0 1.627025116
18 9 1.2 4.845 0.0169 0.0006 0 0 0 0 0.017461832

For A6 same calculation was carried out.

Average ESA was obtained by Summing up Total ESA of each type of vehicle and then Average
is obtained.
 Vehicle Type A1 Both directions A6 Both directions
Traffic Weighted Traffic Weighted
volume no of Average volume no of Average
Code Description MCC Vehicles ESA MCC Vehicles ESA
4 Van 1777 0 1192 0
5 Medium Bus 568 1 0.340431 126 33 0.022861
6 Large Bus 1315 30 0.372102 949 95 0.518393
7 Light Goods Vehicle 742 8 0.190034 967 95 0.030341
8 Medium Goods Vehicle (<8.5 T) 839 65 0.031412 561 210 0.302909
9 Large Lorries (>8.5 T) 1883 157 6.840131 2532 793 9.471733
10 Three Axles Vehicle Combined 76 51 12.52711 175 137 23.4127
11 Three Axles Vehicle Articulated 6 16.30884 0
12 Four Axles Vehicle Articulated 64 37 5.815488 52 48 8.475248
13 Five Axles Vehicle Articulated 39 26 24.32795 89 50 34.34667
14 Six Axles Vehicle Articulated 4 3 12.16876 4 3 3.246914
15 Farm Vehicles 17 0 13 2 0.00687

There is a significant difference in most of the vehicle types and the Average ESA is highly
affected by the biasedness of the sample chosen to weigh. Even though the vehicle type is taken
in to account the empty percentage and type of cargo is also affecting the biased ness of the
Average ESA.
However, this type of difference can be present in few vehicles type given that the route affects
the type of cargo transported. Nature of the route (No of passengers use the road, type of cargo)
can be a highly influencing the Average ESA to be different.
 Question 2
1)
For A1 Road
Growth rate (g) is Assumed to be 4%.
According to that the Growth factor is taken.
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = ((1 + 𝑔)𝑛 − 1)/𝑔)
Growth factor is 12.01%
Vehicle Type A1 Both directions
Traffic Traffic Growt
volum Weighte Growth h Rate
e d no of Average ESA per assume for 10
Code Description MCC Vehicles ESA day d at 4% years Design ESAL
4 Van 1777 0 0 4% 12.01 0
0.34043 0.34043
5 Medium Bus 568 1 1 1 4% 12.01 1492.329
0.37210 11.1630
6 Large Bus 1315 30 2 7 4% 12.01 48935
Light Goods 0.19003 1.52027
7
Vehicle
742 8 4 1 4% 12.01 6664.334
Medium Goods 0.03141 2.04177
8
Vehicle (<8.5 T)
839 65 2 2 4% 12.01 8950.413
Large Lorries (>8.5 6.84013 1073.90
9
T)
1883 157 1 1 4% 12.01 4707604
Three Axles 12.5271 638.882
10
Vehicle Combined
76 51 1 8 4% 12.01 2800639
Three Axles 16.3088 97.8530
11
Vehicle Articulated
6 4 3 4% 12.01 428953.4
Four Axles Vehicle 5.81548 215.173
12
Articulated
64 37 8 1 4% 12.01 943243.3
Five Axles Vehicle 24.3279 632.526
13
Articulated
39 26 5 7 4% 12.01 2772775
Six Axles Vehicle 12.1687 36.5062
14
Articulated
4 3 6 8 4% 12.01 160030.7
15 Farm Vehicles 17 0 0 4% 12.01 0
11879288

For both Directions Design EASL is 11.9 million

For one Direction EASL is 5.95 million.
T5 is selected.
From table 3.1 in Road Note 31
CBR 5-7 , Subgrade Strength class S3 is selected.
From Chart 3 of Road Note 31 Following Thicknesses are selected.
 Flexible Bituminous Surface 50mm
Granular Road Base GB1-GB3 175mm
Granular Sub base GS -325mm

2)
For A6 Road
Growth rate (g) is Assumed to be 4%.
According to that the Growth factor is taken.
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = ((1 + 𝑔)𝑛 − 1)/𝑔)
Growth factor is 12.01%

Vehicle Type A6 Both directions

Traffic Traffic Growt
volum Weighte Growth h Rate
Cod e d no of Average ESA per assume for 10
e Description MCC Vehicles ESA day d at 4% years Design ESAL
4 Van 1192 0 0 4% 12.01 0
0.02286
5 Medium Bus 126 33 1 0.75442 4% 12.01 3307.111053
0.51839 49.2473
6 Large Bus 949 95 3 6 4% 12.01 215883.2093
0.03034 2.88238
7 Light Goods Vehicle 967 95 1 9 4% 12.01 12635.38542
Medium Goods Vehicle 0.30290
8
(<8.5 T)
561 210 9 63.6108 4% 12.01 278847.5024
9.47173 7511.08
9 Large Lorries (>8.5 T) 2532 793 3 4 4% 12.01 32925964.2
Three Axles Vehicle
10
Combined
175 137 23.4127 3207.54 4% 12.01 14060731.02
Three Axles Vehicle
11
Articulated
0 0 4% 12.01 0
Four Axles Vehicle 8.47524 406.811
12
Articulated
52 48 8 9 4% 12.01 1783320.95
Five Axles Vehicle 34.3466 1717.33
13
Articulated
89 50 7 3 4% 12.01 7528188.684
Six Axles Vehicle 3.24691 9.74074
14
Articulated
4 3 4 3 4% 12.01 42700.00785
0.01374
15 Farm Vehicles 13 2 0.00687 1 4% 12.01 60.23444489
56851638.3

For both Directions Design EASL is 56.85 million

For one Direction EASL is 28.425 million.
T8 is selected.
From table 3.1 in Road Note 31
CBR 5-7 , Subgrade Strength class S3 is selected.
From Chart 5 of Road Note 31 Following Thicknesses are selected
Bituminous Surface ( WC and BC) 150mm
Granular Road base GB1-GB3 250mm
Granular Sub Base GS 275mm