Name:Izma bt khairul Anuar(2022484572)

Class:CDCS2553B

1. Compare and contrast flow control and error control.

Flow control manages the rate of data transmission to prevent overwhelming the
receiver.it is a method that used to stop -wait or sliding window techniques.
Error control detects and corrects error in data transmission .It is a method that
used checksum.
2. Define piggybacking and its benefit.
is a method to combine a data frame with an ACK. Its benefits is it can save
bandwith(data frame and ACK frame is combined).
3. What are the three protocols we discussed for noisy channels in this chapter?
1.Stop-and-Wait ARQ
2.Go-Back-N-ARQ
3.Selective-Repeat ARQ

4. Explain the reason for moving from the Stop-and-Wait ARQ Protocol to the Back-N
ARQ Protocol.
Go-Back-N ARQ is a more efficient use of a connection than Stop-and-wait ARQ,
since unlike waiting for an acknowledgement for each packet, the connection is still
being utilized as packets are being sent. In other words, during the time that would
otherwise be spent waiting, more packets are being sent
5. Compare and contrast the Go-Back-N ARQ Protocol with Selective-Repeat ARQ
Go back N ARG the sender window size is N,Receiver window size is 1,Less
complex.while in Selective repeat Control the sender and receiver window is N and
it is more complex.
6. Which of the protocols utilize pipelining?
A. Stop-and-Wait ARQ
B. Go-Back-N ARQ
C. Select and Repeat ARQ
B and C
7. Using 5-bit sequence numbers, what is the maximum size of the send and receive
windows for each of the following protocols?
a. Stop-and-Wait ARQ =Send 1 and receive 1
b. Go-Back-N ARQ= Send 16 ,Receive 1.
c. Selective-Repeat ARQ= Send 31 ,Receive 16.
8. The timer of a system using the Stop-and-Wait ARQ Protocol has a time-out of 6ms.
Draw the flow diagram of four frames if the round-trip delay is 4ms. Assume no data
frame or control frame is lost or damaged.

9. Repeat Exercise 8 if the time-out is 4ms and the round-trip delay is 6ms.
10. Repeat Exercise 8 if the first frame (frame 0) is lost.