Institution:

Student name:

Student ID:
Abstract

ORC systems are being used to generate electricity from low to moderate thermal heat sources in

the 80 to 350 °C zone, as well as for small-medium applications at any temperatures. This

method makes use of low-grade heat that would otherwise be squandered. We'll talk about the

organic Rankine cycle, how it works, and where it's used in this project. We'll also go over a

global review of the Organic Rankine Cycle market and its significance in Kuwait, as well as a

criticism of the organic Rankine cycle.

Keywords: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), low to medium temperature heat sources, small-

medium applications
Table of content.

Table of Contents

Abstract............................................................................................................................................2

Table of content...............................................................................................................................3

Introduction......................................................................................................................................4

world overview of the Organic Rankine Cyde market and its relevance to Kuwait.......................4

critique of the Organic Rankine Cycle............................................................................................5

Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5

reference..........................................................................................................................................5
Introduction.

The organic Rankine cycle and the Rankine steam cycle are both comparable. However, instead

of water, the working fluid is an organic fluid like refrigeration or hydrocarbons. To convert

water to steam, the ordinary Rankine cycle employs thermal energy which generates power by

expanding through a turbine. The organic Rankine cycle works in the same way as the water

Rankine cycle, but instead of utilizing water, which has a high boiling point, it employs an

organic fluid with a lower boiling point. A low boiling point fluid is necessary for this operation,

as it must evaporate or change to gaseous form at very low temperatures. in addition to a low

freezing point, as a result, it will never be completely solid during the cycle. Because of their low

boiling and freezing points, butane and pentane compounds are often utilized as working fluids.

An ORC system's core idea may be viewed of as the polar opposite of a heat pimp. An ORC

system utilizes heat energy to generate electricity, whereas a heat pump uses electricity to create

thermal energy for different applications. An evaporator supplies a thermal energy source, which

powers an expander or reverse compressor, which creates electricity, in a conventional ORC

system. The heating might come from a natural source, such as geothermal power, or from a

variety of industrial waste heat sources. As a result, the ORC design makes it feasible to use

existing heat energy that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere in a sustainable manner.

In automobiles, the organic Rankine cycle is employed. Internal combustion engines convert

only 30% of the fuel energy content into useable mechanical power; the remaining 70% is

dissipated to the environment thru the exhaust gasses and cooling systems at a cooler

temperature. With the addition of ORC, this lost energy is turned into engine mechanical power,

resulting in a 15% gain in engine performance. ORC may also be used to treat the exhaust from

geothermal facilities with output temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 degrees Celsius. The
efficiency cycle is too low below 100oC to be useful, hence it isn't used. The ORC can be built at

the end of a solar thermal plant with a trough collector where the oil working fluid is used to

boost the plant's efficiency by at least 15%.

world overview of the Organic Rankine Cycle market and its relevance

to Kuwait

Even as human population increases, it'll become increasingly reliant on energy. Electricity, in

particular, plays a crucial role. Our exhaustible primary energy supplies, on the other hand, are

limited. Furthermore, the use of fossil fuels to generate power has a substantial negative impact

on Kuwait's ecology. As a result, increasing conversion efficiency is critical for fully using the

potential of the country's resources. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) enters into action in this

environment. Despite being almost comparable to the conventional water/steam Rankine cycle,

ORC can convert heat to electricity at low temperatures due to careful selection of an alternate

working fluid (WF). Easy to handle, favorable operating pressures, and independent operation

are further advantages, lowering the cost of electricity production in Kuwait. ORC has evolved

into a mature technology during the past decade. Several Kuwaiti manufacturers have already a

long list of reference installations. Furthermore, prior installations have demonstrated the

advantages of ORCs.
critique of the Organic Rankine Cycle

Despite the fact that ORC research has seen a rebirth in the previous decade, ORC designs have

gotten very little attention. A number of impediments can be identified. First, there's the issue of

determining the system's added complexity. While several advanced cycle designs look

promising from a thermodynamic standpoint, it is unclear if they are economically practical.

Second, experimental results from the open literature are lacking. Furthermore, dealing with

varied boundary conditions from literature is a problem, making objective comparison

impossible.

Conclusion

We concluded from the above experiment that organic Rankine cycle technology is a dependable

technique to transform heat into electricity for renewable energy applications such as biomass,

geothermal, and solar, as well as industrial energy efficiency. We also discussed some of the

world overview of the ORC cycle market in Kuwait, and noticed that low maintenance, favorable

operating pressures, and independent procedure of ORC have reduced the cost of electricity

production in Kuwait. Finally, we discovered some of the criticism or further disadvantages of

ORC, with the major downside being difficulty in assessing the system's added complexity.
reference.

Colonna P, Casati E, Trapp C, et al. Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: From the Concept

to Current Technology, Applications, and an Outlook to the Future. ASME. J. Eng. Gas

Turbines Power. 2015; 137(10): 100801-100801-19. doi:10.1115/1.4029884.

Macchi E., Chapter 1 - Theoretical basis of the Organic Rankine Cycle in Organic Rankine

Cycle (ORC) Power Systems: Technologies and Applications, 2016 ISBN: 978-0-08-

100510-1

Astolfi, M., Martelli E., Pierobon L. Chapter 7 - Thermodynamic and technoeconomic

optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle systems in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power

Systems: Technologies and Applications, 2016 ISBN: 978-0-08-100510-1

History of ORC. Knowledge Center for Organic Rankine Cycle. Available online at:

http://www.kcorc.org/en/science-technology/history/

Tartiere T. ORC World Map. 2015. Available online at http://orc-world-map.org