NACE CP2 Quiz

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1. oxidation loss of electrons, positive charge atoms 16. cathodic -shielding issues
(anode) protection -attenuation
limitations -interference
2. reduction gain of electrons, negative charged atoms
-excessive current density
(cathode)
-contact with other metals (shorts)
3. forms of uniform, crevice, galvanic (dissimilar metals)
17. measurement true voltage reading
corrosion if two metals have to be couple then best to
methods voltmeter reading
couple metals close together in the galvanic
% error calculations
series, pitting, intergranular, selective
effect of voltmeter resistance
leaching (dezincification, graphitization),
IR correction methods
velocity phenomena, environmental cracking
(corrosion fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, 18. test stations allow electrical connection to structure for
SCC (Carbonates/bicarbonates) potential measurements and bonds.
Spans allow current and direction (IR drop).
4. High PH Low hydrogen, alkaline, easy polarization
inistall during construction
5. Low PH high hydrogen, acidic, harder to polarize
19. pH measure of acidity(hydrogen ion
6. High harder to polarize, work at the cathode only, concentration)
oxygen/High called cathodic depolarizers. high pH is alkaline
Hydrogen low pH is acid
concentration pH is a log function therefore each increase
7. factors A. anything that affects polarization. (temp. in pH is a factor of 10.
affecting etc...) 20. RECTIFIER - positive to anode
corrosion B. concentration cells (oxygen, temp, etc.) In -negative to structure
an oxygen concentration cell, what is the - AC suppy
anode? (i.e. the area with more or less -AC circuit breaker
oxygen?) In a metal ion cell, which area is -Transformer (increase or decrease voltage)
the anode (i.e. the area with the greater of -AC fuse
lower concentration)? -rectifier bridge - diodes change AC to DC
C. Anaerobic bacteria (MIC) Absence of -Voltmeter and Ammeter
oxygen, depolarizer -Surge Protection
8. polarization a. corrosion current reduces with polarization -Filters
b. polarization increases with CP current Esecondary = (Eprimary x Secondary turns) /
applied primary turns
c. Occurs at surface of both anode and 21. Reference the reference electrode should be placed as
cathode. electrode close to the structure as practical.
9. shielding a. shorted casings location (underground piping or tanks- over the center
b. proximity of other structures of the structure, multiple readings along the
c. reinforced concrete structure as required)

10. amphoteric corrode at low and high pH

internal surfaces of storage tanks, waterfront
materials
and offshore structures (as close to the wall
11. on potential native + polarization + IR drop as possible)
12. polarized native + polarization 22. impressed impressed current- higher current, better
potential (off) current vs control
13. kirchoff's laws a. voltage (series circuits) sacrificial
b. current (parallel circuits) sacrificial- no power required, less
maintenance, easy to install, less land
14. faraday's law W=KIT
relates weight loss of metal in a corrosion
cell with time and current flow.
15. rate of directly proportional to current flow
corrosion
23. AC capacitance, inductance, and resistance 29. current span current in a pipe can be measured by
considerations taking a voltage drop across a known
hazardous AC potential - 15 Vac length and either calibrating the
section in question or using resistance
Safe method of connecting ground0 cable from tables.
to ground then to pipe
unknown pipe size must be calibrated
arcing hazards by using I/ deltamV or R= V/I using 4
wires
corrosion rates from AC (current density)
30. Sacrificial anode magnesium
types
switching or pulse rectifiers
zinc
24. Reference CuCuSO4- most common, (soil, fresh water)
cells cylindrical, bullet, ribbon, bracelet
AgAgCL - seawater
soil backfilled in gypsum, bentonite
Calomel- lab mixture to reduce contact resistance to
soil and to retain moisture
Hydrogen - standard (lab)
make sure to remove plastic shipping
zinc- stationary bag
25. Cathodic protect the cathode 31. small anode to higher corrosion penetration rate
Protection large cathode ratio
attempts to bring the cathode potential as
32. large anode to lower corrosion penetration rate
negative as the anode potential
small cathode ratio

NACE criteria- what are the exceptions? 33. 4 elements of a Anode

-high temperature corrosion cell Cathode
-bacteria Metallic Patch
-sulfides Electrolyte
-acid environments 34. Faraday's law metal lost due to current over time
-dissimilar metals calculates
26. Isolation confine protection to protected structure 35. the stability of a a saturated solution of the copper
Requirement thus limiting the current required for copper-copper ions.
protection. sulfate reference
electrode does not
use for stray current with care vary with
27. continuity bonds are necessary for continuity: 36. Which of the i, ii, iii only
requirement mechanical fittings (compression, bell & following are
spigot, rebar etc.) depolarizers?
28. Impressed graphite
Current i.Dissolved oxygen
Anodes cast iron (high silicon chromium) ii. increased
electrolyte
mixed metal oxides velocity
iii. bacteria action
scrap iron iv. current pickup
on the metal
conductive polymer

cylindrical, tubular

soil..... backfilled in coke breeze

37. polarization occurs C. at the 43. In a standard emf series of c. the potential is measured
anode and metals, which of the following with respect to a standard
a. at the anode surface only cathode is represented? hydrogen electrode
b. at the cathode surface only surfaces
c. at the anode and cathode surfaces a. the potential of a metal is
d. in the metallic path measured in a saturated
solution of copper-sulfate
38. Which of the following factors affect All of the
polarization? above
b. current is measured
between the most noble and
a. current
most active metals.
b. ion concentration
c. anode/cathode ratio
c. the potential is measured
d. temperature
with respect to a standard
39. Which of the following are types of i and ii hydrogen electrode.
polarization?
d. the total number of
i. concentration electrons is determined.
ii. activation
44. if two different metals are b. the most positive
iii. temperature
connected together in an potential is the cathode
iv. velocity
electrolyte, the metal with
40. The measure of the electrochemical b. volts the
difference between two metals in an
electrolyte is which of the following? a. most negative potential is
the cathode
a. amps b. most positive potential is
b. volts the cathode
c. ohms c. positive potential will
d siemans corrode
41. the relationship between current and i and ii only d. highest valence is the
polarization is described by which of the anode.
following? 45. in a practical galvanic series d. the potential of metals in
of metals, which of the a common electrolyte
i. Corrosion cell current decreases with following is represented?
increased polarization.
a. the potential between two
ii. polarization increases with increased different metals in the series
current. is measured.

iii. current increases with increased b. the current is measured

polarization between two of the metals in
the series.
iv. polarization decreases with increased
current c. the electrolyte contains
42. a passivating material will exhibit which of ii, iii, and iv metal ions of that metal.
the following properties? only
d. the potential of metals in a
i. does not corrode at all common electrolyte
ii. corrosion increases as current increases 46. the nernst equation calculates the potential of a
initially metal in solutions of
iii. corrosion current decreases after a different metal ion
certain point. concentrations
iv. corrosion current increases beyond the
passive region
47. a corrosion cell can form
under which of the following
conditions?
a. a difference in temperature
where the higher temperature
is the cathode.
b. a difference in oxygen
where the highest
concentration of oxygen is at
the anode.
c. a difference in metals
where the anode is at the
most noble metal.
d. a difference in salt
concentration where the
anode is at the highest ion
concentration
48. when bare metal passes
under a paved road surface,
a. an oxygen concentration
corrosion cell can develop
with the metal under the
pavement being the anode
b. an oxygen concentration
cell can develop with the
metal outside the pavement
being the anode
c. a temperature corrosion
cell can develop with the
metal outside the pavement
being the anode.
d. a high salt concentration at
the edge of the pavement
with the metal under the
pavement being the anode.
49. an environment where
cathodic protection is NOT
effective is
a. liquid
b.soil
c.atmospherically exposed
surface
d. steel in concrete
d. a difference in salt 50.
concentration where the
anode is at the highest ion
concentration
51.
a. an oxygen concentration
corrosion cell can develop
with the metal under the
pavement being the anode
52.
53.
c. atmospherically exposed
surface
54.
the cathodic protection criteria for all of the above
steel includes which of the
following?
I. a potential of -850 mVCSE or
more negative with curent applied
after IR drop is considered
II. a polarized potential of
-850mVCSE or more negative
III. polarization of 100 mV or
greater
IV. a polarized potential of -790
mv AgAgCl or more negative
when cathodic protection is b. cathode more
applied to a corroding steel negative
surface, it shifts the corrosion cell
potential -
a. no change in potential
b. cathode more negative
c. cathode more positive
d. anode more positive
cathodic protection polarizes b. the potential of the
structure cathode to
a. the potential of the structure the structure anode
anode to the structure cathode potential.
potential
b. the potential of the structure
cathode to the structure anode
potential.
c. the potential of the structure
cathode to the CP anode
potential.
d. the cp anode potential to the
structure cathode potential.
the current requirement for a. decrease in pH
cathodic protection of a structure
will increase with a
a. decrease in pH
b. decrease in temperature
c. decrease in oxygen
d. decrease in velocity
if lead, copper, steel, and aluminum
aluminum are connected together
in water, which will corrode the
most?
55. in a galvanic anode system, the driving anode to 61. an impressed current system is NOT a. with very
voltage is due to the structure couple normally practical under which of the small current
in the electrolyte following conditions requirements
a. electrolyte itself
b.anode to structure couple in the a. with very small current requirements
electrolyte b. for protection of poorly coated and bare
c.connection to the structure structures
d. anode backfill c. in high soil resistivity
d. inside water storage tanks
56. which is NOT a primary reaction at the d. hydrogen
anode? evolution 62. Rectifier components could include which of I and IV only
the following?
a. metal oxidation
b. oxygen evolution I. Transformer
c.chloride evolution II. Photovaltaic cells
d. hydrogen evolution III. thermopile
IV. silicon diodes
57. which of the following will decrease a. increased pH
cathodic protection current 63. Which of the following DC power supplies II and III
requirements? are commonly used to charge batteries that only
in turn provide cathodic protection current?
a. increased pH
b. increased oxygen I. thermoelectric genorators
c. increased temperature II. solar
d. increased agitation III. wind-driven generator
IV. saturable reactor
58. a galvanic anode system is NOT b. in high soil
normally suitable in which of the resistivity 64. A transformer will D. increase
following conditions? or decrease
A. change AC to DC the AC
a. when a small amount of current is B. increase the DC voltage only supply
required. C. decrease the ac voltage only voltage
b. in high soil resisitivity D. increase or decrease the AC supply
c. for localized protection voltage
d. for interference mitigation.
65. If the primary AC voltage is 100 Volts AC, d. 200 Volts
59. The purpose of the galvanic anode c. passivate the and there are 100 primary windings with 200 AC
backfill is NOT to anode secondary windings, what is the the
secondary voltage? (100 x 200) /
a. prevent passivation of the anode 100 = 200
b. create uniform corrosion of the A. 25 volts AC volts AC
anode B. 50 Volts AC
c. passivate the anode c. 100 volts AC
d.provide a low resistivity environment d. 200 Volts AC
around the anode.
66. With a single diode installed in series with b. halfwave
60. the elements of a galvanic cathodic I, II, and IV only an AC voltage source the results will be DC voltage
protection system in soil includes which a. half wave AC voltage
of the following? b. halfwave DC voltage
c. full wave AC voltage
i. active material d. full wave DC voltage
ii. noble structure
iii. carbon backfill
iv. wiring
67. full wave rectification can be
achieved with
I. a four diode bridge circuit.
II. a center tap configuration.
III. one silicon-controlled rectifier
IV. two silicon-controlled rectifiers
and two diodes in a bridge
68. what is the purpose of a "free
wheeling" diode?
a. to prevent latching of the SCR
b. to improve efficiency of the
rectifier
c. to convert AC to DC
d. to increase or decrease the AC
voltage
69. the advantage of three phase
rectifiers over single phase
rectifiers is that they
a. are more efficient
b. have lower initial cost
c. are easier to troubleshoot
d. are easier to adjust
70. which DC power supply converts
heat energy directly to electrical
energy?
a. transformer-rectifier
b.solar
c. thermoelectric generator
d.wind-driven generator
71. a constant potential rectifier
provides a constant
a. voltage output
b. voltages between taps
c. structure-to-electrolyte potential
d. potential to the SCR
72. a structure-to-electrolyte potential
measures the potential difference
between
I, II, and IV only 73. a close interval potential survey is a a. at 1 to 5 meter
test where structure-to-electrolyte spacing along a
potentials are measured pipeline
a. at 1 to 5 meter spacing along a
pipeline
b. at 1 to 3 km spacing along a pipeline
c.at the quarter points around a large
tank
a. to prevent latching
d. close to the DC power source
of the SCR ???
74. polarized potentials are measured b. just after the
rectifiers are
a. when the rectifiers are ON turned OFF
b. just after the rectifiers are turned
OFF
c. after the rectifiers are left off for
several days
d. just after the rectifiers are turned ON
a. are more efficient
75. polarization is determined by c. subtracting the
instant OFF from
a. subtracting the ON from the instant the Native (free
OFF potential corroding)
b. measuring the instant OFF potential potential
c. subtracting the instant OFF from the
Native (free corroding) potential
d.subtracting the IR drop from the ON
c. thermoelectric
potential
generator
76. current pickup on a pipeline is ...
indicated when
a. the structure-to-electrolyte
potential over the pipe is more
electronegative than to each side.
b. the structure-to-electrolyte
c. structure-to-
potential over the pipe is more
electrolyte potential
electropositive than to each side
c. the two electrode method (side
drain) shows the electrode over the
pipe is more electropositive.
77. What is the current in a 91 m (300 ft ) a. 0.850 A
span of 762 mm (30 in) pipe weighing
b. the structure and a
176.65 kg/m (118.7 lb/ft ), if the voltage
standard reference
drop across that span is 0.62 mV?
electrode

a. 0.850 A
a. two different structures acting as
b. 1.176 A
electrodes
c. 2.802 A
b. the structure and a standard
d. 2.585 A
reference electrode
c. the structure and the anode
d. two different points on the
structure
78. structure-to-electrolyte
potentials can be used for
which of the following
purpose(s)?
I. Confirm if a CP potential
criterion is met
II. Locate anodic areas on
non-cp pipelines
III. determine resistivity of the
soil
IV. locate stray current
79. which of these would clearly
indicate that a tank is
isolated?
a. a structure-to-electrolyte
potential of -950 mvcse with
the electrode at the pipe and
a tank-to-electrolyte
potential of -800mv cse with
the electrode at the tank
b. a structure-to-electrolyte
potential of -950 mv cse with
the electrode at the pipe and
a tank-to-electrolyte
potential of -940 mv cse with
the electrode at the tank
c.a structure-to-electrolyte
potential of -950 mv cse with
the electrode at the pipe and
a tank-to-electrolyte
potential of -800 mv cse with
the electrode at the pipe
d. a structure-to-electrolyte
potential of -650 mv cse with
the electrode at the pipe and
a tank-to-electrolyte
potential of -640 mv cse with
the electrode at the tank
80. For steel in concrete what is
the probability of corrosion at
a potential of -370mvCSE?
a.no corrosion
b.<5%
c.50%
d.>95%
I, II, and IV only
c.a structure-to-electrolyte
potential of -950 mv cse
with the electrode at the
pipe and a tank-to-
electrolyte potential of
-800 mv cse with the
electrode at the pipe
d.>95%
page 5-93
81. If current being impressed on to a c. -950 mV
structure is causing a potential gradient
of 50 mv per meter (average_ and the (-800 - 150) =
reference electrode is 3 m from the =950
structure, what is the potential being
measured if the true potential at the
structure is -800 mV?
a. -150 mV
b. -300 mV
c. -950 mV
d. +950 mV
82. with proper instrumentation, a dual soil II, III, and IV
coupon can be used to predict which of only
the following?
I. The potential of the pipe surface at the
location of the coupon
II. the polarized potential of a coating
holiday of a given size at the location
III. The amount of polarization of a
coating holiday of a given size at the
location
IV. The amount of CP current pick up on
a coating holiday of a given size at the
location.
83. an electrolytic couple between a pipe C. allows CP
and a casing current to
access the
A. shields CP current from the pipeline. pipeline
B. causes a high current demand due to
the casing.
C. allows CP current to access the
pipeline.
D. causes corrosion on the outside of the
casing
84. With sufficient current applied to a C.shift
pipeline which has an electrolytic couple electropositively
to the casing, the potentials will on the inside of
the casing
A. shift electropositively on the outside ?????
of the casing
B. shift electropositively on the pipe
inside the casing
C.shift electropositively on the inside of
the casing
D. will be the same on the pipe and the
casing
85. A stray current is a current that B. goes in an 90. The AC voltage-to-ground on a section of I and II only
unintended pipeline paralleling AND crossing a power
A. goes back and forth path line tends to be highest
B. goes in an unintended path
C. goes only to a pipeline I. where the power line and pipeline cross
D. does not complete a circuit II. point where the power line and pipeline
seperate
86. a mitigation control bond should be I, II, III, and IV
III. A gradient mat or a grid around above
designed to
ground structures
IV. A remote ground away from the parallel
I. carry the necessary current.
section
II. restrict the current to that required to
mitigate the problem. 91. Methods of lowering hazardous AC I and III only
III. keep the current going in one voltages include installing which of the
direction if necessary following?
IV. return the potential on the interfered
with structure to its pre-interference I. grounds at the discontinuities between
state power line and pipeline
87. a mitigation bond may cause more I, III, and IV
II. A bond to the steel power line tower.
problems under which of the following only
conditions?
III. a gradient mat or a grid around
?????
aboveground structures.
I where the interfering structure bond
point is more electropositive than the
IV. a remote ground away from the parallel
interfered with structure.
section
II. where the interfering structure bond
point is more electronegative than the 92. A polarization cell is used to D. provide
interfered with structure AC coupling
III. where there are more than one, or A. polarize the pipeline. but block DC
changing, current discharge points B. polarize the electrical ground
IV. where the interfering structure bond C. provide DC coupling but block AC
point potential varies from being more D. provide AC coupling but block DC
electronegative to more electropositive
93. Tests for interference can be indicated by I, II, III, and
than the interfered with structure.
which of the following? IV
88. AC voltages on pipelines do NOT result D.
from thermodynamic I. Structure-to-electrolyte potential
coupling changes
A. resistive (conductive) coupling II. Changes in line current magnitude or
B. electrostatic (capacitive) coupling direction
C. electromagnetic induction coupling III. Localized pitting in areas near or
D. thermodynamic coupling immediately adjacent to a foreign structure
IV. breakdown of protective coatings in a
89. on a cathodically protected pipeline, AC III and IV only
localized area.
corrosion can be expected at which
current densities? i ac < 20 A/m^2
..... no
I. 20 mA/m^2 corrosion
II. 10 A/m^2 20 A/m^2 < i ac
III. 110 A/m^2 < 100 A/m^2 ...
IV. 200 A/m^2 corrosion
unpredictable
i ac > 100
A/m^2 ....
corrosion
expected
94. When AC voltage of 13 V is
measured on a pipeline, what
course of action should be
taken?
I Wait until next year and take
an AC voltage to confirm it has
not changed
II. Contact the power company
to determine what percent of
load the power line is operating
III. Advise other personnel that
a near hazardous situation exists
on the pipeline
IV. Advise the owner or
supervisor that an AC mitigation
program should be investigated
95. The purpose of a gradient mat is
to
A. electrically ground the pipe
to the earth to eliminate the AC
voltage
B. bring the voltage difference
between the pipe and the earth
close to 0 Vac
C. provide cathodic protection
to large structures such as tank
bottoms
D. to eliminate the earth
gradient to obtain a true
polarized potential
96. the corrosion rate of iron
caused by current discharge is
a. 15 pounds per ampere per
year
b. 20 pounds per ampere per
year
c. 20 pounds per ampere per
month
d. 40 pounds per ampere per
year
II, III, and IV 97. Which of the following is NOT a source of A. Cathodic
dynamic stray current? Protection
A. Cathodic protection
B. Mining equipment
C. Transit systems
D. Telluric current
98. Stray current CANNOT be detected by D. Soil
resistivity
A. structure-to-electrolyte potentials measurements
B. reference electrode to electrode
measurements
C. pipeline current span measurements
D. Soil resistivity measurements
99. Cathodic interference occurs B. in a voltage
gradient that
A. in a voltage gradient that is positive to is negative to
B. bring the voltage
remote earth remote earth
difference between the
B. in a voltage gradient that is negative to
pipe and the earth close
remote earth
to 0 Vac
C. at the cathode in a corrosion cell.
D. at the structure's cathodic protection
system.
100. an electronegative peak in potentials a. anodic
along a cathodically protected pipeline interference
may be indicative of
a. anodic interference
b. cathodic interference
c. shorted road casing
d. current discharge
101. analysis of dynamic stray current does A. soil
NOT typically include the evaluation of resistivity
b. 20 pounds per ampere A. soil resistivity
per year B. the interaction of voltages between
different structures
Ferrous 9.1 Kg/ A-yr or C. measuring of current on the structure
20lbs / A-yr D. correlation of current and voltages on
Copper 10.4 Kg/ A-yr or different structures and
23lbs / A-yr 102. With current (and direction) measured at B. Location A=
Lead 33.85 Kg/ A-yr adjacent spans on a pipeline, which 2.0 A (right)
(74.74lbs/ A-yr) condition indicates a current discharge Location B=
(Location A is left of Location B 1.0 A (left)
A. Location A= 2.0 A (left ) Location B=
1.0A (right )
B. Location A= 2.0 A (right ) Location B= 1.0
A (left )
C. Location A= 1.0 A (left ) Location B= 1.0
A (left )
D. Location A = 1.0 A (right ) Location B=
2.0 A (right )
103. Recommended methods of mitigating I, II, and IV ?? 109. Which of the following All of the above
cathodic interference from another items must be included in
cathodic protection system include recording structure-to-
which of the following? electrolyte potentials on
routine surveys?
I. Drainage control bond
II. cathodic protection I. Value
III.Coating the current discharge area II. Units
IV. Reduce source of stray current III. Polarity
IV. Reference Electrode
104. A complete cathodic protection system C. Detailed
monitoring program consists of which of survey and 110. Which of the following is C. Electrostatic Voltages
the following? routine readings NOT necessary in
between establishing the integrity
A. Detailed survey only surveys of an aging pipeline?
B. Routine readings between surveys
only A. Dig inspection data
C. Detailed survey and routine readings B. In-line inspection data
between surveys C. Electrostatic voltages
D. Soil resistivity surveys D. Leak History
105. Proper operation of a rectifier can be all of the above 111. A job safety analysis I, II, and III only
confirmed by which of the following? ??? allows a project to
proceed when the
I. DC current output
II. DC voltage output I. hazards have been
III. tap setting identified.
IV. Potential at a control point II. risks have been
identified.
106. a short to bare structure will most likely II only
III. Preventative measures
cause which of the following?
reduce the risk to an
acceptable level.
I. A decrease in the current output of the
IV. risk increases
anode.
II. An electropositive change in the pipe- 112. Which of the following is II. 8 mA
to-electrolyte potential the maximum current
III. an increase in the current output of passing through an average (9-25 mA can cause lack of
the anode sized body that will allow muscular control, let-go
IV. An electronegative change in the the muscles to let it go? current, that makes it
pipe-to-electrolyte potential.. impossible to release and in
I. 4 mA face it may cause the muscles
107. Which of the following regulations All of the
II. 8 mA to tighten.)
require inspection of an interference above ???
III. 120 mA
control drainage bond?
IV. 480 mA
I. DOT 49 CFR 192
II. DOT 49 CFR 195
III. CSA Z662
IV. ISO 15589-1
108. Reasons for keeping records include All of the
which of the following? above

I. Legal Defense
II. Government regulations
III. Historical references
IV. Possible future ECDA assessment
113. It is safe to work behind the panel of a rectifier IV only 119. Personal protective equipment in all of the above
under which of the following conditions? plants includes which of the
following?
I. When the rectifier breaker is off
II. When the rectifier breaker is off and locked I. Hard hats
out II. Safety shoes or boots
III. When the outside DC cables are III. Fire retardant coveralls
disconnected IV. Safety glasses
IV. when the outside AC disconnect is off and
120. Purpose of Transformer step up or step down
locked out.
AC supply voltage
114. A constant AC voltage-to-ground equal to or B. 15
121. If a transformer has no losses, E secondary= 115Vac x
in excess of which of the following is VoltsAC
what is the secondary voltage of a 100 / 400 = 28.75 Vac
considered to be hazardous?
transformer being supplied with
115 Vac that has 400 turns on the
A. 5 voltsAC
primary and 100 turns on the
B. 15 VoltsAC
secondary windings
C. 24 VoltsAC
D. 40 VoltsAC
Esecondary = (Eprimary x
115. When measuring a structure-to-electrolyte C. an AC Secondary Turns) / Primary Turns
potential, which of the following measurements voltage-
122. Three phase rectifiers available in Wye (3
should be taken first for safety? to-
diodes) or full-wave (6
ground
diodes) with full-wave
A. A soil resisitivity measurement
bridges.
B. The reference electrode contact resistance
C. an AC voltage-to-ground
THREE-PHASE UNITS
D. The meter lead resistance
ARE MORE EFFICIENT
116. Hazardous materials include which of the all of the THAN SINGLE-PHASE
following? above UNITS, BUT THE
INITIAL INVESTMENT
I. Solvents COSTS ARE HIGHER
II. Caustics
123. Electrode used in reinforced manganese oxide
III. Acids
concrete
IV. Copper Sulfate
124. electrode used in seawater and Silver-silver chloride
117. Gases that either promote combustion or are C. anode
concrete
flammable can be produced at the and
structure 125. electrode used most frequently in calomel
A. anode only lab experiments
B. protected structure only 126. which part of the structure the most cathodic site
C. anode and structure polarizes first?
D. neither the anode or structure
127. current requirement DIRECTLY
118. Before working on a project you must know all of the proportional to
which of the following? above surface area

I. The possible hazards INVERSELY

II. Where to go in case of emergency proportional to
III. Contact people and telephone information polarization
IV. MSDS data for materials handled
128. Positive voltage terminal must ALWAYS be
connected to the
ANODE
129. negative voltage terminal ALWAYS connected to
STRUCTURE
130. typical ... 138. HMWPE insulation chlorine, hydrochloric acid, or
uses for is not petroleum hydrocarbons.
Impressed recommended for
current use in
systems environments
containing?
131. Kirchoff's The law states that the sum of the source
voltage voltages around any closed loop of a circuit is 139. Four basic anode, anode backfill, means of
law equal to the sum of the voltage drops across components of connecting anode to structure, and the
the resistances in that loop. galvanic cp system structure
132. Kirchoff's The law states that as much current flows away 140. Zinc anodes are salt, brackish water
current from a point as flows toward it. It is especially commonly used in
law useful in analyzing parallel circuits and in
141. aluminum alloy seawater applications
tracing current flow in complex piping networks.
anodes are
133. Series Current is the same everywhere primarily used in ?
circuit
142. Remote Earth the point where the further distance
Voltage drops may all be different depending
from the anode produces no further
on the value of each resistance, but the sum of
change in voltage gradient
the voltage drops (Et) must add up to the
voltage of the source. 143. cathodic use a distributed anode configuration
protection systems consisting of a continuous anode on
The total resistance of a series circuit equals the for reinforced the concrete surface or closely
sum of the individual resistances. concrete spaced strips embedded in the
concrete surface.
134. parallel current divides into a number of separate
circuit branches. each branch may have a different 144. galvanic anodes placed over the entire surface to
resistance;thus, the value of the current in each for atmospherically distribute the current evenly
branch may be different. Voltage drop across exposed
each element or source in the circuit is the reinforced
same. concrete
structures
Voltage drop across each branch is the same 145. single phase have greater ripple than 3 phase
and is equal to source voltage. rectifiers
146. silicon diodes more efficient than selenium diodes
Total current flowing into and out fo the junction
and they do not age
point of the branches equals the sum of branch
currents. 147. PEARSON SURVEY used to detect holidays
148. CURRENT FLOW FIND DIAMETER OF PIPE
total resistance is equal to the reciprocal of the CALCULATION LOOK UP RESISTANCE OF THAT
sum of the reciprocals of the individual DIAMETER IN TABLE
resistances. MULTIPLY RESISTANCE BY LENGTH
(WATCH UNITS, FT OR M)
The total resistance is always less than the THEN USING OHM'S LAW DIVIDE
smallest resistance in the circuit. THE VOLTAGE BY THAT NUMBER.
135. percent percent efficiency = (DC Power out/AC power
efficiency in) x 100 WATCH UNITS. NEED TO BE IN
of VOLTS AND METERS
rectifier
1 OHM = 1,000,000 microohms
136. WATTS = Vdc x Idc
1 volt = 1000 millivolts
137. AC Input (3600 K N) / T
149. DCVG (Direct detecting cathodic protection current
power
Current Voltage pickup at coating holidays
where K = meter constant
Gradient ) Surveys
N= number of revolutions of the disk
are used for what?
T= time in seconds of observation
150. coating resistance is ? simply the resistance of the structure to the environment mulitplied by the surface area
of the structure. Units are therefore ohm-ft^2
151. How to test for isolation Placing the reference electrode in one location and not moving the electrode.
152. what to use to measure resistance ammeter, voltmeter, and external DC power supply.
between pipe and casing
DO NOT use volt-ohmmeter due to the influence of the voltage between the structures.
153. 0.32 / OL Good diode
OV / OV Shorted diode
OL / OL Open Diode
154. Consequences of Electrolytic couple Without CP, corrosion may occur inside casing.
155. Electronic short Pipe electrically shielded inside casing and does not receive CP

Casing adds to the current required for CP