TYPES OF VARIABLES

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY LAHORE

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE

ASSIGNMENT OF BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: AMINA RIAZ

ROLL NO: 1863-BS-BAF-21

SECTION: A

SEMESTER: V

COURSE CODE: BAF-3101

SESSION: 2021-2025

SUBMITTED TO:

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Sayyed Sadaqat Hussain Shah

1
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

GROWTH OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN

PAKISTAN

Types of Name of Relation Citation

Variables Variable
Independent 1. Marital status 1. It has negative 1.(Nasir et al.,
variable 2. Ownership of effect because 2019)
Business by married women may 2. (Noor & Isa,
Women face challenges in 2020)
participating actively
in business.
2. It has positive
effect because a
positive relationship
suggests that as the
level of education
among women
increases, the
likelihood of them
owning businesses
also increases.

Dependent variable 1. Participation in 1.It has positive 1..(Nasir et al.,

business life effect because 2019)
2. Representation of participation in 2.(Noor & Isa, 2020)
Women in business life can
Entrepreneurship positively impact
financial success,
innovation, job
creation, and social
well-being
2. it has negative
effect because
The representation
decreases with
changes in the
dependent variable, it
is a negative
relationship.
Control 1. Individual 1. Properly 1.(Nasir et al., 2019)
characteristics controlling variables 2. (Noor & Isa,
2. Education Level in business studies 2020)

2
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

enhances the
reliability and
validity of research
findings, providing
more accurate
insights into the
factors affecting
business
participation.
2. A negative
relationship would
imply that as
Education Level
increases, income
tends to decrease.
Moderating 1.cultural context 1. It has negative 1.(Nasir et al., 2019)
2. Social Interaction effect because 2. (Noor & Isa,
cultural factors such 2020)
as traditional gender
role might
discourage women's
active participation
in business.
2. A negative
relationship could
imply that cultural
diversity diminishes
the positive effects of
social interaction.
mediating 1. Empowerment 1. It has positive 1.(Nasir et al., 2019)
2. Experience and effect because 2. (Noor & Isa,
Skills Higher levels of 2020)
Development empowerment may
lead to greater
participation in
business life, as
empowered women
may be more likely
to overcome cultural
barriers and family
obligations.
2. The relationship
between a
moderating variable
and Experience and

3
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

Skills Development
can be positive,
negative, or neutral,
depending on the
specific moderating
variable and its
impact.

REFERENCES:
Nasir, M., Iqbal, R., & Akhtar, C. S. (2019). Factors affecting growth of women entrepreneurs in
Pakistan. Pakistan Administrative Review, 3(1), 35-50.
Noor, S., & Isa, F. M. (2020). Contributing factors of women entrepreneurs' business growth and
failure in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 25(4), 503-518.

MODELS:

Marital status Empowerment Participation in

business life

Individual
Cultural characteristics
Context