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• May occur in all fiber, but is the dominant in single mode fiber
• Main causes:
Material dispersion - different wavelengths => different speeds
Waveguide dispersion- different wavelengths => different angles
𝐷𝑇 = 𝐷𝑀 + 𝐷𝑊 + 𝐷𝑃 𝑝𝑠 𝑛𝑚−1 𝑘𝑚−1
L1
L
The paths taken by the axial ray and the extreme meridional ray in a perfect multimode step index fiber.
NA
2
; [ NA n1 2 ]
1/ 2
2cn1
4 October 2018 Taiz University, YEMEN 28
• This expression gives the pulse spread per unit length that can be used to
estimate maximum pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion in
MMF.
• Therefore, in MMF all three dispersion mechanism exist simultaneously
that is material dispersion, waveguide dispersion, and multimode
dispersion.
• The table below shows the types of fiber and the kinds dispersion present
in each of them respectively: