1. A. The woman and the man have plans to eat out together. 10. A.
0. A. She does not believe it will snow.
B. The woman would prefer to stay home this evening.
C. The man has changed his mind about the new restaurant.
D. The man is sorry he cannot join the woman for dinner.
2. A. A plane trip.
B. A rental car.
C. A hotel room.
D. Concert tickets.
3. A. The woman did not remember her appointment.
B. The woman needs to get a calendar.
C. The appointment must be changed to a different day.
D. The calendar shows the wrong month.
4. A. The woman should continue driving.
B. They will arrive late for dinner.
C. He forgot to make reservations.
D. He is not sure what is wrong with the car.
5. A. She did not realize that their team had won.
B. Their team nearly lost the game.
C. She called to find out the score of the game.
D. Their team usually wins its games.
6. A. Join him and Mary at the movie.
B. Ask Mary what she is doing tonight.
C. Invite a group of friends to go to the movie.
D. Tell Mary about the movie.
7. A. Professor Campbell changed the conference time.
B. He is planning to stay until the conference is finished.
C. He will not attend the concert.
D. He will wait for the woman.
8. A. She recently purchased laundry detergent.
B. She will buy some detergent for the man.
C. The Laundromat is around the corner.
D. The man can buy detergent at the store.
9. A. It is next to the Holiday Motel.
B. It is nicer than the Holiday Motel.
C. It is very inexpensive.
D. It is a little farther than the Holiday Motel.
B. Snow in October is unusual.
C. Canadian winters are rather long.
D. Winter is her favorite season.
11. A. He lost his wallet on a trip to Germany.
B. His private lessons did not help him.
C. His German tutor charges a reasonable fee.
D. He plans to continue taking lessons.
12. A. The committee has just begun to write the report.
B. The report will be short.
C. The committee members have just become acquainted.
D. The report is finished except for the introduction.
13. A. They should play another time.
B. They will probably have to play in the gym.
C. He prefers to play in the gym
D. It is not supposed to rain tomorrow.
14. A. Type the letter as it is.
B. Change some wording in his letter.
C. Send the letter without typing it.
D. Check to make sure his facts are correct.
15. A. The woman should call the professor the next day.
B. He is canceling the choir rehearsal because of illness.
C. The woman will feel better in a day or two.
D. He will turn up the heat in the choir room.
16. A. They should take another route to the bank.
B. They turned onto the wrong road.
C. The man will get to the bank before it closes.
D. The bank will open soon.
17. A. Go out to eat when the museum closes.
B. Check that the museum cafeteria is open.
C. Leave the museum temporarily
D. Meet each other later in the day.
18. A. The woman should have thrown out the newspapers herself.
B. He does not know where her paper is.
C. The woman's paper is in the trash.
D. He does not have time to help her look for her paper.
19. A. The woman can make her call tomorrow.
 B. There is a problem with the woman's telephone.
C. The airline's offices are closed.
D. He does not know what the problem could be.
29. A. The man did not give the woman notes she needed.
20. A. He is very hungry.
B. He has made plans to eat with someone else.
C. He did not like what he ate for lunch.
D. He will go with the woman.
21. A. She is proud of the man.
B. She does not want to see the man's test.
C. She also got a good grade.
D. She has not taken the test yet.
22. A. He will tell the woman what to do.
B. The meeting will have to be postponed.
C. He will get the job done if he gets some instruction.
D. He will need to throw away most of the papers.
23. A. Find another sociology course.
B. Look for a job in the sociology department.
C. Ask someone to take notes for her on Friday.
D. Change her work schedule.
24. A. She can help the man until lunchtime.
B. She cannot read the applications until after her class.
C. She has a class after lunch.
D. She also plans to apply to graduate school.
25. A. Mary will trim her hedge.
B. Phil has a better chance of winning.
C. Mary will win the election.
D. Phil will sit on the ledge.
26. A. He thinks the woman's computer is broken.
B. He worked on the woman's computer for too long.
C. He sometimes gets headaches after doing computer work.
D. He needs to take a longer break.
27. A. The library closed earlier than she expected.
B. She could not find a birthday present.
C. She picked Jack up at the golf course.
D. The bookstore did not have what she was looking for.
28. A. The equipment has already been locked up.
B. The woman should be more careful with the equipment.
C. He knows how to operate the equipment.
D. He will put the equipment away.
B. The man's notes were hard to understand.
C. The woman wants to borrow the man's sociology notes.
D. The woman has to organize her psychology notes.
30. A. The man will find a job if he continues to look.
B. The man should look for a job in a different field.
C. The man can get a job where the woman works.
D. The man should keep his current job.
31. A. She will be able to join the economics seminar.
B. She has a new printer for her computer.
C. She finished paying back her loan.
D. She got an A on her term paper.
32. A. The importance of paying back loans promptly.
B. A way to help people improve their economic conditions.
C. Using computers to increase business efficiency.
D. The expansion of international business.
33. A. It is the topic of his term paper.
B. He would like to find a job there.
C. His economics professor did research work there.
D. Microcredit programs have been very successful there.
34. A. Cancel her credit card.
B. Sign up for the economics seminar.
C. Do research on banks in Asia.
D. Type the man's term paper.
35. A. The life of a well-known Canadian architect.
B. The architectural design of a new museum.
C. The variety of museums in Washington, D.C.
D. The changing function of the modern museum.
36. A. Both were designed by the same architect.
B. Both are located in Washington, D.C.
C. Both feature similar exhibits.
D. Both were built around a central square.
37. A. A classical temple.
B. A well-known museum.
 C. A modern office building. C. K
D. A natural landscape. D. ->

38. A. Traditional views on the purpose of a museum. 47. A. How they swim long distances.
B. Traditional values of Native Americans. B. How they got their name.
C. Traditional notions of respect for elected leaders. C. How they hunt.
D. Traditional forms of classical architecture. D. How they solve problems.

39. A. They are examples of the usual sequence of observation and explanation. 48. A. By changing its appearance.
B. They provide evidence of inaccurate scientific observation. B. By imitating signals that the other spiders send.
C. Their discovery was similar to that of the neutrino. C. By spinning a large web.
D. They were subjects of 1995 experiments at Los Alamos. D. By imitating insects caught in a web.

40. A. Its mass had previously been measured. 49. A. Avoid attacks by other spiders.
B. Its existence had been reported by Los Alamos National Laboratory. B. Cross some water.
C. Scientists were looking for a particle with no mass. C. Jump to the edge of the tray.
D. Scientists were unable to balance equations of energy without it. D. Spin a long thread.

41. A. That it carries a large amount of energy. 50. A. It would keep trying to reach the rock the same way.
B. That it is a type of electron. B. It would try to reach the rock a different way.
C. That it is smaller in size than previously th ought. C. The scientists would move the spider to the rock.
D. That it has a tiny amount of mass. D. The scientists would place another spider in the tray.

42. A. The clearing of New England forests.

READING
B. The role of New England trees in British shipbuilding.
C. The development of the shipbuilding industry in New England. A seventeenth-century theory of burning proposed that anything that burns must contain
D. The role of the British surveyor general in colonizing New England. material that the theorists called "phlogiston". Burning was explained as the release of
phlogiston from the combustible material to the air. Air was thought essential, since it had to
43. A. Law.
B. Mathematics. provide a home for the released phlogiston. There would be a limit to the phlogiston transfer,
C. History. since a given volume of air could absorb only so much phlogiston. When the air had become
D. Engineering.
saturated, no additional amounts of phlogiston could leave the combustible substance, and the

44. A. Sugar maple. burning would stop. Burning would also stop when the combustible substance was emptied of
B. Oak. all its phlogiston.
C. White pine. Although the phlogiston theory was self-consistent, it was awkward because it required that
D. Birch.
imaginative, even mysterious, properties be ascribed to phlogiston. Phlogiston was elusive. No
45. A. Its width. one had ever isolated it and experimentally determined its properties. At times it seemed to
B. Its height. show a negative weight: the residue left after burning weighed more than the material before
C. Its straightness.
burning. This was true, for example, when magnesium burned. Sometimes phlogiston seemed
D. Its location.
to show a positive weight: when, for example, wood burned, the ash weighed less than the
46. A. M starting material. And since so little residue was left when alcohol, kerosene, or high-grade
B. %
coal burned, these obviously different materials were thought to be pure or nearly pure 5. Which of the following is true of both the phlogiston theory of burning and Lavoisier's
phlogiston. theory of burning?
In the eighteenth century, Antoine Lavoisier, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led (A) Both theories propose that total weight always increases during burning.
to propose a different theory of burning, one that required a constituent of air-later shown to (B) Both theories are considered to be reasonable and straightforward
be oxygen-for combustion. Since the weight of the oxygen is always added, the weight of the (C) Both theories have difficulty explaining why residue remains after burning
products of combustion, including the evolved gases, would always be greater than the weight (D) Both theories recognize that air is important to combustion.
of the starting material.
Lavoisier's interpretation was more reasonable and straightforward than that of the phlogiston
theorists. The phlogiston theory, always clumsy, became suspect, eventually fell into scientific Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was
disrepute, and was replaced by new ideas. first used instead of charcoal for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality of the iron had
restricted its use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches,
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
vaults, and walls. With the improvement in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron
(A) The chemical composition of phlogiston.
beams, columns, and girders. During the nineteenth century further advances were made,
(B) Attempts to explain what happens when materials burn
notably Bessemer's process for converting iron into steel, which made the material more
(C) Limitations of seventeenth-century scientific theories
commercially viable.
(D) The characteristics of the residue left after fires
Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strength was far greater
than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developed more slowly.
2. The word "it" in line 4 refers to
By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed in industrial
(A) burning
architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained concealed. Apart
(B) phlogiston
from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its resistance to
(C) combustible material
fire, and its potential to span vast areas. As a result, iron became increasingly popular as a
(D) air
structural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the nineteenth century, but
it was invariably concealed.
3. The word "properties" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types spawned by
(A) interpretations
the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition hall, and
(B) locations
railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status. Designers of
(C) characteristics
the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, covering huge areas with
(D) virtues
spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and cathedrals. Paxton's Crystal
4. The author mentions magnesium in line 14 as an example of a substance that Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an area of 1.848 feet by 408
(A) seemed to have phlogiston with a negative weight feet in prefabricated units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included
(B) leaves no residue after burning both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with the Halle Des Machines,
(C) was thought to be made of nearly pure phlogiston spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However, these achievements were
D) was thought to contain no phlogiston mocked by the artistic elite of Paris as expensive and ugly follies. Iron, despite its structural
advantages, had little aesthetic status. The use of an exposed iron structure in the more
traditional styles of architecture was slower to develop
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Advances in iron processing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
(B) The effects of the Industrial Revolution on traditional architectural styles
(C) Advantages of stone and timber over steel as a building material
(D) The evolution of the use of iron in architecture during the 1800's
2. Iron replaced stone and timber in the building of bridges because iron was considered
(A) more beautiful
(B) new and modern
(C) much stronger
(D) easier to transport
3. The word "appeal" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) adjustment
(B) assignment
(C) attraction
(D) attempt
3. It can be inferred that the delayed use of exposed iron structures in traditional styles of
architecture is best explained by the
(A) impracticality of using iron for small, noncommercial buildings
(B) association of iron architecture with the problems of the Industrial Revolution
(C) general belief that iron offered less resistance to fire and harsh weather than traditional
materials
(D) general perception that iron structures were not aesthetically pleasing
4. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses
(A) the gradual inclusion of exposed iron in traditional styles of architecture
(B) further improvements in iron processing methods
(C) the return to traditional building materials for use in commercial structures
(D) the decreased use of stone and timber as a building material
The most easily recognizable meteorites are the iron variety, although they only
represent about 5 percent of all meteorite falls. They are composed of iron and nickel along
with sulfur, carbon, and traces of other elements. Their composition is thought to be similar to
that of Earth’s iron core, and indeed they might have once made up the core of a large
planetoid that disintegrated long ago. Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the
best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.
One of the best hunting grounds for meteorites is on the glaciers of Antarctica, where the dark
stones stand out in stark contrast to the white snow and ice. When meteorites fall on the
continent, they are embedded in the moving ice sheets. At places where the glaciers move
upward against mountain ranges, meteorites are left exposed on the surface. Some of the
meteorites that have landed in Antarctica are believed to have come from the Moon and even
as far away as Mars, when large impacts blasted out chunks of material and hurled them
toward Earth.
Perhaps the world's largest source of meteorites is the Nullarbor Plain, an area of limestone
that stretches for 400 miles along the southern coast of Western and South Australia. The pale,
smooth desert plain provides a perfect backdrop for spotting meteorites, which are usually
dark brown of black. Since very little erosion takes place, the meteorites are well preserved
and are found just where they landed. Over 1,000 fragments from 150 meteorites that fell
during the last 20,000 years have been recovered. One large iron meteorite, called the
Mundrabilla meteorite, weighed more than 11 tons.
Stony meteorites, called chondrites, are the most common type and make up more than 90
percent of all falls. But because they are similar to Earth materials and therefore erode easily,
they are often difficult to find. Among the most ancient bodies in the solar system are the
carbonaceous chondrites that also contain carbon compounds that might have been the
precursors of life on Earth.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) Finding meteorites on Earth's surface
2. The word "core" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) center
3. The word "embedded" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(B) encased
4. The word "spotting" in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(B) identifying
5. Where was the Mundrabilla meteorite discovered?
(A) On the Nullarbor Plain
6. According to the passage, stony meteorites are
(B) less likely to be discovered than iron meteorites
A pioneering set of experiments has been important in the revolution in our
understanding of animal behavior-a revolution that eroded the behaviorist dogma that only
humans have minds. These experiments were designed to detect consciousness-that is signs of
self-awareness or self-recognition-in animals other than humans. The scientific investigation
of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the
experimental psychologist. This may be one reason that many researchers have shield away
from the notion of mind and consciousness in nonhuman animals. In the late 1960's, however,
psychologist Gordon Gallup devised a test of the sense of self: the mirror test. If an animal
were able to recognize its reflection in a mirror as "self", then it could be said to possess an
awareness of self, or consciousness. It is known that a cat or a dog reacts to its own image in a
mirror, but often it treats it as that of another individual whose behavior very soon becomes
puzzling and boring.
The experiment called for familiarizing the animal with the mirror and then marking the
animal's forehead with a red spot. If the animal saw the reflection as just another individual, it
might wonder about the curious red spot and might even touch the mirror. But if the animal
realized that the reflection was of itself, it would probably touch the spot on its own body. The
first time Gallup tried the experiment with a chimpanzee, the animal acted as if it knew that
the reflection was its own; it touched the red spot on its forehead. Gallup' report of the
experiment, published in a 1970 articles, was a milestone in our understanding of animal
minds, and psychologists wondered how widespread self-recognition would prove to be.
1. The word "dogma" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(D) belief
2. Which of the following statements best describes the behaviorists position with regard to
consciousness in nonhuman animals?
(D) Nonhuman animals do not possess self-consciousness.
3. The author suggests that researchers before 1960 probably avoided studying nonhuman
animal consciousness because they
(D) lacked the necessary laboratory equipment
4. The phrase "shied away from" in lien 8 is closest in meaning to
(B) avoided
5. The chimpanzee in Gallup's first experiment responded to the mirror test by touching
(A) its own forehead
The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were
marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous
lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was
an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and
natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often
deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to
imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art
Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically
termed "art glass". Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon
carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style: among the
most celebrated was Emile Gallé(1846-1901). In the United States, Louis Comfort
Tiffany(1848-1933)was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of
glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.
Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian.
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although
its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new
school of thought known as Functionalism that had present since the turn of the century. At
first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers. Functionalism
emerged as the dominant influence upon designers alter the First World War. The basic tenet
of the movement - that function should determine form – was not a new concept. Soon a
distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament
should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp
postwar reactions to the style and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely
new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste
demanded dramatic effects of contrast stark outline, and complex textural surfaces.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style
2. The word "one" in line 4 refers to
(C) style
3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of
ancient burial glass?
(B) The appearance of the glass
4. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2 ?
(B) To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists
5. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason. Functionalism became popular was that
it
(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs
During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling
perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these
glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The surge often progress along a
glacier like a great wave, proceeding from one section to another. Subglacial streams of
meltwater might act as a lubricant, allowing the glacier to flow rapidly toward the sea. The
increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction
between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly slides downhill. Surge glaciers
also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. However, many of
these glaciers exist in the same areas as normal glaciers, often almost side by side.
Some 800 years ago, Alaska's Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated, and
advanced again 500 years later. Since 1895, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has been
flowing steadily toward the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of approximately 200 feet per year. In
June 1986, however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western
tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to 112 feet per day. Hubbard's surge closed off
Russell Fiord with a formidable ice dam, some 2,500 feet wide and up to 800 feet high, whose
caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south.
About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If enough
surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, West Antarctic ice shelves could rise off
the seafloor and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With
the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise
even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The
additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase. Earth's albedo and lower global
temperatures, perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This situation appears to have occurred
at the end of the last warm interglacial (the time between glaciations), called the Sangamon,
when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatically, spawning the beginning of the Ice Age.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
(B) The causes and consequences of surge glaciers.
2. The word "intervals" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(D) periods
3. The author compares the surging motion of a surge glacier to the movement of a
(B) Wave
4. Which of the following does the another mention as possible cause of surging glaciers?
(D) The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier.
5. Yahutat is the name of
(A) an Alaskan town
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may
become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family
traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases,
such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although
there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally
through election or recruitment .
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of
research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural
leaders." It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common;
rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet
the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader,
research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by
different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of
tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done."
Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-
beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall
goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to
minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to
maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members.
They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's
goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the
group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to
discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that
threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders
generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they
are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(D) The role of leaders in social groups
2. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders
EXCEPT
(C) specific leadership training
3. In mentioning "natural leaders" in line 9, the author is making the point that
(B) there is no proof that "natural leaders" exist
4. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
(A) A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in
another group
5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on
(D) achieving a goal.
Although the deep-sea anglerfish has been a subject of curiousity for a long time, it
is still very much a mystery to scientists. This type of fish has escaped close scientific
observation because it lives deep at the bottom of the ocean. For this reason, scientists have
not had many chances to follow the anglerfish around in its natural environment. Furthermore,
because the anglerfish inhabits the deep dark waters of the ocean, it cannot be examined in the
same way that scientists study many other fish in the laboratory. However, we do know some
things about the anglerfish. What we do know, we’ve gathered mainly from anglerfish that
have gotten caught in the nets of fishing boats.
The anglerfish comes in many shapes and sizes. Its length range from about twenty
centimeters to over three meters. However, anglerfish have a few things in common. They all
have a large head with small eyes and a huge mouth filled with sharp sea-through teeth. The
anglerfish attracts its food, usually small sea animals, with a strange green glow given off by a
long rodlike outgrowth over its mouth. In the darkness of the deep sea, the anglerfish waves
the shining “rod” around until it catches the eye of another sea creature. When the curious
creature spots the glowing tip of the antenna, it cannot help but swim closer for a better look.
Then, in a split of second, the creature is swallowed up and eaten by the anglerfish. In this
way, the anglerfish uses its antenna much like a fishing rod to lure prey to it. That is why it is
called anglerfish-because “angler” is just another word for someone who fishes.
Although the anglerfish’s ability to fish using its rod is a unique one, it is not the anglerfish
itself that produces the light which attracts other sea creatures. The green glowing light is
produced by a type of special bacteria called photobacteria. Scientists do not know exactly
why photobacteria collect on the tip of the anglerfish’s antenna, but they thrive there. The
large amount of salt in the ocean’s water allows them to survive and multiply. Although these
green glowing bacteria cannot be reproduce on the tip of the rod until there are so many of
them that they glow brightly. By doing this, the bacteria help the anglerfish to survive in deep
dark places near the ocean floor, places where very few sea creatures are well adapted to live.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
a. The unusual places where fish live
b. The unique features of an odd fish
c. Experiments scientists use to learn about fish
d. Modern fishing techniques
2. Why do scientists know so little about the deep-sea anglerfish?
a. It is not a fish that is eaten by humans.
b. It is a shy fish that hides from humans.
c. It lives far below the surface of the ocean.
d. It was believed to be an extinct species of fish.

3. What is probably true about the size of the anglerfish?

a. Its size varies greatly
b. Its size helps it catch prey
c. Its size is the same as that of other deep-sea fish
d. Its size is not known for certain

4. The word “it” in line 19 refers to..

a. The sea creature
b. The antenna
c. The green glow
 6. What does the passage mainly discuss?
d. The deep sea anglerfish a. Wegener’s explanaion of how oceans influence continental drift
b. Wegener’s theory of continental drift and how it was received by scientists
5. The word “gathered” in line 9 is closest in meaning to...
c. Geological theories that preceded Wegener’s theory of continental drift.
a. Made
d. Geological concepts developed by Wegener’s tthat gained immediate acceptance.
b. Placed
c. Changed 7. The word “bold” in line 2 is closest meaning to...
d. Learned a. Convincing
b. Daring
In 1915 a German scientist, Alfred Wegener, published a book that contained a bold
c. Complex
new hypotheseis concerning Earth’s continents. According to Wegener, all the landmass
d. Attractive
which he named Pangaea, broke apart, forming the continents ad oceans as we know them
today.
8. The word “primeval” in line 4 is closest meaning to ...
Wegener’s book was not translated into English until the end of the 1920s. By then,
a. Movable
Wegener’s notion of continental drift-the fragmentation of Pangaea and the slow movement of
b. Very big
the resulting continents awat from each other – was already a topic of hot debate in geological
circles in many parts of the world. An america geologist, F.B. Taylor, had written could not c. Very ancient

conceive of the possibility that whole continents might be mobile, functioning like giant rafts. d. Assumed
Wegener has marshalled a good deal of circumstantial evidence: fossil plants and
animals from widely separated locales; climatic prevailing; and the remarkable fact that the 9. According to second paragraph, how did most geologists view Wegener’s theory by the end
coastlines of continents, especially those of South America and Africa, can be made to fit so of 1920s?
well with each other, suggesting that the continents had once been actually joined together. a. They found it extremely difficult to accept
Plausible as continental drift was to those who believed this evidence, there was one major b. They knew little about it because Wegener’s book had not yet been translated.
problem: the process or mechanism that causes continents to move remained unexplained.
c. They considered it possible but waited for more evidence
As sometimes happens when a new scientific concept emerges, the hypothesis of continental
d. They agreed that continents move but rejected proposed explanations of how they move.
drift failed to gain credibility among many geologists, in part because the mechanisms
proposed by Wegener himself, as well as others, were implausible. Wegener suggested that
10. The word “locales” in line 16 is closest in meaning to...
Earth’s gravitational force, which is slightly weaker at the equator than elsewhere, was
a. Places
capable of gradually pulling the continents apart. Taylor proposed that the Moon was torn
b. Distances
from Earth in what is today the Pacific Basin, and that the continents have been steadily
moving into the gap thereby created. Such notions damaged the credibility of the entire c. Forests

continental drift hypothesis. It was only in the 1950s , when scientists discovered that ocean d. Coasts
floors move and spread, that Wegener’s theory gained general acceptance among geologists.
11. The word “implausible” in line 27 is closest in meaning to...
a. Unfamiliar c. isn’t it
d. is it
b. Unproven 8. . . . , guns had been made by skilled gunsmiths, one at a time.
c. Unnatural a. In 1798, Eli Whitney came up with a new idea
b. In 1798, when Eli Whitney came up with a new idea
d. Unconvincing c. Until 1798, when Eli Whitney came up with a new idea
d. Since 1798 Eli Whitney had been working on a new idea

STRUCTURE 9. We usually expect that . . . bring bad news.

1. Vasco Nunez de Balboa . . . the Pacific Ocean in 1513. a. telegram
a. discovered b. a telegram
b. was discovered c. the telegrams
c. discover d. telegrams
d. had discover
10. Not only did many people volunteer to bring food for the picnic, . . . .
2. If we . . . salt, the soup would have been tastier. a. but also drinks and games
a. had added b. many people did not offer to bring drinks and games
b. add c. many people offered to bring drinks and games
c. don’t add d. they brought food
d. could add
11. You . . . better study a lot next week, if you want to get through that exam.
3. My cousin lives . . . a farm. a. had
a. within b. should
b. in c. will
c. on d. must
d. at
12. When she was a young girl, she used to wish she . . . a princess.
4. For a variety of reasons, many American young adults are returning home or are not a. became
leaving home at all, . . . . b. is
a. which makes families react in different ways to this c. was
b. which has made families to react in different ways d. were
c. to which makes families react in different ways
d. which is making families react in different ways 13. Paterson was angry . . . his friend and threw a book at him.
a. on
5. When he was going away for the weekend, he . . . his neighbor water the lawn b. about
a. has c. at
b. had d. with
c. requested
d. got 14. Had I run out of gas, I . . . called the garage.
a. would
6. Travelers checks are useful when one is traveling because . . . people refuse to accept b. had
them. c. would have
a. quite a few d. should have
b. many
c. few 15. While my brother has excellent eyesight, he . . . hard of hearing.
d. a few a. has
b. was
7. Your friends won’t be late, . . . ? c. is
a. won’t they d. isn’t
b. will they
 8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ______ ,
1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer and domed communal structure built by social
_____ weaverbirds.
(A) dance that she teaches (A) larger
(B) her teaching of dance (B) largely is
(C) to teach dancing (C) the large
(D) dance teacher (D) is the large
2. During an eclipse of the Sun, ______ in the 9. William Walker's mural, "Wall of Respect,"
shadow of the Moon. ______ an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals
(A) the Earth lies with social issues.
(B) the Earth when lying (A) covers
(C) that the Earth lies (B) covers it
(D) the lying Earth (C) which covers
3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda (D) which it covers
Doolittle became associated with the Imagists, 10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate
and ______ into one of the most original poets of ______ yield when unusual weight is placed on
the group. them.
(A) developed (A) although its crust and mantle
(B) to be developing (B) its crust and mantle to
(C) who developed (C) that its crust and mantle
(D) developing it (D) for its crust and mantle to
4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches 11. The columbine flower, ______ to nearly all of
the ground; some of it is lost through evaporation. the United States, can be raised from seed in
(A) Nowhere almost any garden.
(B) Not (A) native
(C) No (B) how native is
(D) None (C) how native is it
5. In an area first explored by Samuel de (D) is native
Champlain, ______ . 12. The photoperiodic response of algae actually
(A) establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749 depends on the duration of darkness, ______ .
(B) in 1749 the city of Halifax established (A) the light is not on
(C) in 1749, establishing the city of Halifax (B) and not on light
(D) the city of Halifax was established in 1749 (C) but is not on the light
6. A nation's merchant marine is made up of its (D) is not on light
commercial ships and the people ______ them. 13. ______, the first Black denomination in the
(A) they operate United States.
(B) who operate (A) Richard Alien founded the African
(C) they operate of Methodist Episcopal Church
(D) do they operate (B) Richard Alien, who founded the African
7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt against Methodist Episcopal Church
slavery in Virginia in 1831. (C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church
(A) Where was founded by Richard Alien
(B) It was (D) The foundation of the African Methodist
(C) He was Episcopal Church by Richard Alien
(D) That he was
14. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is (A) was one of the greatest periods
greater than ______ . (B) one of the greatest periods
(A) that of its mining and farming combined (C) was of the greatest periods
(B) mining and farming combination (D) the greatest periods
(C) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming
8. most tree frogs change color to harmonize…………
1. Four flags have flown over the Palace of the Governors in Santa Fe, New Mexico: ------ a. to their background
Spain, Mexico, the Confederacy, and the United States. b. with their background
(A) which of c. on their background
(B) of mose being d. in background of them
(C) those of
(D) Those that of 9. Mules have the shape and the size like of horse .... the ears and the blabla like of
2. Most of _____ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of donkeys
material remains. A. For is B. Because
(A) these C. Neverthelees D. And
(B) what
(C) which 10. The tongue can move and play a vital role in chewing, …..…, and .......
(D) their Jawaban : swallowing and speaking
3. In her time, Isadora Duncan was _____ today a liberated woman.
(A) calling what we would 11. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the Federal Reserve System is ........ twelve
(B) who would be calling districts.
(C) what we would call
Jawaban : to divided into
(D) she would call it
4. _____ around stones that are sun warmed, even the smallest of stones creates tiny
currents of warm air.
12. Those species are cultivated for their…….........
(A) The cool air Jawaban : beautiful follage
(B) If the air is cool
(C) That the air cools 13. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails and……. For their food by probing the
(D) The cooler the air ground with their long bills.
5. According to some critics, the novels of William Burroughs demonstrate the major Jawaban : search
hazard of absurd literature, _____ tendency toward overembellishment and incoherence.
(A) notwithstanding 14. One of the most difficult questions in difining sleep is .......................
(B) besides
Jawaban : what are the functions of sleep
(C) is a
(D) its
6. Despite its wide range of styles and instrumentation, country music has certain common
15. like snakes, lizards can be found ................ continents except Antarctica.
features _____ its own special character. Jawaban : on all other
(A) give it that
(B) that give it 16. Prior to an extermination program earlier this century, .......... roamed across nearly
(C) give that all of North America
(D) that gives it to Jawaban : live wolves
7. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920's _____ in blues
music.
17. Artist Gutzon Borglum designed the Mount Rushmore Memorial and
6. In the past six months, the company has already
worked .......................... death in 1941. received twice __________ in gross revenues as
Jawaban : the project from 1925 until his it earned in the entire preceding year.
A. as much
18. It is proving .................... for drug makers to market directly to patients. B. more
C. as many
Jawaban : less costly and more profitable D. as more

19. Sapphires weighing as much as two pound have ............ 7. __________ better, the team would have been
able to defeat the opponent.
Jawaban : on occasion been mined A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
C. Preparing
1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty D. Had it prepared
member __________ to apply for the dean’s 8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until
position. next week.
A. intend A. the meeting
B. intends B. was the meeting
C. are intending C. did the meeting
D. has intend D. the meeting was

9. The curriculum at the public school is as good

2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most
__________ of any private school.
dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from food
A. or better than
and water, even in developed countries.
B. as or better that
A. one of the C. as or better than that
B. one of D. as or better than those
C. one
D. of one 10. Being a private university, __________ a well-
organized charitable giving program in order to
3. The death toll would __________ much higher if offer a sufficient number of quality courses and
immediate action had not been taken. activities.
A. probably being A. development of
B. probably be B. it developed
C. probably been C. develop
D. be probable D. developing

4. A fire in the __________ building could be a 11. The greater the number of bacteria attacking the
problem for firefighters. system, __________.
A. ninety-story-tall A. the sooner treatment must be begun
B. sooner must begin treatment
B. ninety-tall-story
C. begin treatment as soon as possible
C. ninety-stories-tall
D. must begin treatment sooner
D. ninety stories
12. A congressional committee has been appointed
5. Their office consisted of three rooms, to study a new procedure __________ to
__________ was used as a conference room. eliminate some costly expenditures.
A. larger of which A. that is expected
B. the largest of which B. what is expected
C. the largest of them C. which expects
D. largest D. that expected
 D. the photographers let into the building
13. Some people send job applications even when
they are reasonably happy in their jobs, 20. The committee members resented __________
__________ improving their position. of the meeting.
A. with hoping to A. the president that he did not tell them
B. hoping that B. the president not to inform them
C. with hopes of C. the president’s not informing them
D. hoping to D. that the president had failed informing themselves

14. Swimming is a beneficial exercise, __________ 21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was
aerobic activity and uses a number of muscle danger.
groups. A. Upon entering the store
A. not only because it provides B. When he entered the store
B. because it both provides C. After he had entered the store
C. for provision D. Only after entering the store
D. as result of providing
22. The company sustained an angry reaction from
15. The professor instructed the students its employees after announcing how__________
__________ the essay without preparing an to reduce operating costs.
outline first. A. it planned B. planned
A. to not write C. did it plan D. was planned
B. not to write
C. do not write 23. The gymnasium facilities of this public school
D. to no write are __________ those of the finest private
school in the county.
16. It is not clear when __________, although there A. second after B. second only to
are many different theories. C. first except for D. second place from
A. dinosaurs becoming extinct
B. dinosaurs extinction 24. The more the horse tried to free itself from the
C. dinosaurs became extinct restraint, __________.
D. did dinosaurs become extinct A. the tighter it became
B. it became tighter
17. If the driver’s own car __________ damaged, C. the horse could not escape
the favorite probably would have won the race. D. it was unable to move
A. had not been
B. not 25. __________, that runner is likely to be the first
C. no had been one chosen.
D. has no be A. Due to her agility and speed
B. Because of she is agile and fast
18. The soldiers were unable to determine where C. Because agile and rapid
__________. D. Because her agility and speed
A. the jeep had been left
B. had been leave the jeep 26. It was not until the students were seated
C. had the jeep been left __________ the proctor realized he had
D. had the jeep left the wrong test booklets.
A. that B. when
19. The manager was angry because somebody C. as soon as D. and
_________.
A. had allowed the photographers to enter the 27. As a result of the additional rain with so much
building flooding already having occurred, residents
B. had let the photographers to enter the building were seeking shelter __________ than in
C. permitting the photographers enter the building previous years.
A. in more numbers
B. more numerously
C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers

28. The company president wrote an e-mail and

planned to send __________ as soon as the vote
was complete.
A. to all directors the message
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors

29. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of

the medication, __________ to curtail her work
and public speaking activities.
A. has B. had
C. she has had D. she will had

30. Hardly __________ the office when he realized

that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. he had entered
B. had entered
C. entered
D. had he entered

31. Once the employees had begun receiving

financial information on the company,
__________ income.
A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and
increasing
B. it made the employees more eager to assist in
reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and
increase

32. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with

regular pliers but then decided he needed to
retrieve his toolbox in order to use __________.
A. another pliers
B. others pliers
C. the others ones
D. another pair

33. The committee has met and __________.

A. have approve the budget
B. budget was approved
C. its approval of the budget
D. approved the budget