CLASS-9 SCIENCE EXTRA QUESTIONS

Chapter 8 MOTION

MCQ QUESTIONS
1. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius r. The displacement after half a circle
would be:

(a) Zero(b) p r

(c) 2r (d) 2 p r

2. A body is thrown vertically upward with velocity u, the greatest height h to which it will
rise is,

(a) u/g (b) u2/2g

(c) u2/g (d) u/2g

3. The numerical ratio of displacement to distance for a moving object is

(a) always less than 1

(b) always equal to 1

(c) always more than 1

(d) equal or less than 1

4. If the displacement of an object is proportional to square of time, then the object moves
with

(a) uniform velocity

(b) uniform acceleration

(c) increasing acceleration

(d) decreasing acceleration

5. From the given v – t graph (Fig. 8.1), it can be inferred that the object is

(a) in uniform motion

(b) at rest

(c) in non-uniform motion

(d) moving with uniform acceleration

6. Suppose a boy is enjoying a ride on a merry-go-round which is moving with a constant

speed of 10 m s–1. It implies that the boy is

(a) at rest

(b) moving with no acceleration

(c) in accelerated motion

(d) moving with uniform velocity

7. Area under a v – t graph represents a physical quantity which has the unit

(a) m2 (b) m (c) m3

(d) m s–1

8. Four cars A, B, C and D are moving on a levelled road. Their distance versus time graphs
are shown in Fig. 8.2. Choose the correct statement

(a) Car A is faster than car D.

(b) Car B is the slowest.

(c) Car D is faster than car C.

(d) Car C is the slowest.

9. Which of the following figures (Fig. 8.3) represents uniform motion of a moving object
correctly?

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10. Slope of a velocity – time graph gives

(a) the distance

(b) the displacement

(c) the acceleration

(d) the speed

11. In which of the following cases of motions, the distance moved and the magnitude of
displacement are equal?

(a) If the car is moving on straight road

(b) If the car is moving in circular path

(c) The pendulum is moving to and fro

(d) The earth is revolving around the Sun

ANSWER

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b)

5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b)

9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (a)

Q.1 What is meant by body at rest?(1 Mark)

Ans. A body is said to be at rest, if it does not change its position with respect to a fixed
point in its surroundings.

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 e.g. a book lying on a table, the walls of the room.

Q.2 What is meant by body in motion?(1 Mark)

Ans. A body is said to be in motion if it changes its position continuously with respect to
a fixed point in its surroundings.

e.g. Birds flying in the sky, vehicles running on the road.

Q.3 How is the position of an object described?(1 Mark)

Ans. The position of an object can be described by specifying the following two
parameters.

i) The distance of the object from a fixed reference point (origin).

ii) The direction of the object.

Q.4 A particle is moving in a circle of radius 1m. Show the following

position of the particle:

a) 1m. from the center,300 North-East.

b) 1m. from the center, 300 West-North.
c) 1m. from the center towards South.(3 Marks)

Ans. Since the particle is moving in a circle of radius 1m. So, draw a circle with radius
1m. representing the length

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Q.5 What is a scalar quantity?(1 Mark)

Ans. A physical quantity, which is described completely by its magnitude

(Or size) is called a scalar quantity.

e.g. Length, time, distance, mass etc.

Q.6 What are the characteristics of scalar quantities?(2 Marks)

Ans. Characteristics of scalar quantities are

i). A scalar quantity can be represented by a number with proper units.

e.g. an object has a mass of 5 Kg.

ii). The scalar quantity having similar units get added or subtracted by the

usual rules of arithmetic.

Q.7 What is a vector quantity?(1 Mark)

Ans. A physical quantity which requires both magnitude (size) and

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 direction for its complete descriptions called a vector quantity.

e.g. Displacement, velocity, weight etc.

Q.8 What are the characteristics of vector quantities?(2 Marks)

Ans. Characteristics of vector quantities are:

i) A vector quantity can be represented by a number with proper

units and a direction.

e.g. the velocity of a car is 50Km/hour towards South.

ii). The vector quantities having similar units but different directions are

not added/ subtracted by ordinary arithmetical rules.

Q.9 What is meant by the term distance?(1 Mark)

Ans. The actual length of the path travelled by a moving body irrespective

of the direction is called the distance travelled by the body. It is a scalar

quantity.

Q.10 What is meant by the displacement? (1 Mark)

Ans. The change in the position of a moving body in a particular direction

is called its displacement. It is a vector quantity.

Q.11 What are the characteristics of displacement?(3 Marks)

Ans. The displacement of a body has the following characteristics:

i). Displacement is a vector quantity, so it has magnitude as well as

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 direction.

ii) The displacement of a body may be positive, zero or a negative

value.

Q.12 Differentiate between

a) Distance and displacement
b) Speed and average speed
c) Speed and velocity
d) Uniform linear motion and uniform circular motion (5 Marks)

Ans. a)

DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

i) The distance travelled by a moving i) The displacement of a body is the

body is the actual length of the path
shortest distance between the initial
covered by the body irrespective of the
direction. and final position of the body.

ii) Distance travelled is a scalar quantity.

ii) Displacement is a vector quantity.

iii) Distance travelled is always positive.

iii)Displacement may be +ve , -ve or

zero.

iv) Distance travelled is always greater

than or equal to the displacement.
iv) Displacement is always less than or

equal to the distance travelled.

b)

SPEED AVERAGE SPEED

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 i) Speed is the distance travelled by a i) Average speed is the average distance
body per unit time at a particular point of
travelled by a body per unit time over
time, or over a very short interval of
a certain measurable interval of time.
time.

c)

SPEED VELOCITY

i)The distance travelled by a moving i) The distance travelled by a moving

body body in a particular direction per unit
time is called its velocity.
per unit time is called its speed.

ii) Velocity is a vector quantity.

ii) Speed is a scalar quantity.

d)

UNIFORM LINEAR UNIFORM CIRCULAR

MOTION MOTION

i) The motion progress along a straight i) The motion progress along a circular
line. path.

ii) The direction does not change. ii) The direction change continuously.

iii) This is not an accelerated motion. iii) This is an accelerated motion.

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Q.13 What is uniform motion?(1 Mark)

Ans. A body is said to have uniform motion when it travels equal distances in

equal interval of time.

Q.14 What is non-uniform motion?(1 Mark)

Ans. A body is said to have non-uniform motion when it travels unequal

distances in equal interval of time.

Q.15 Convert a speed of 72km./hr in to

a) m/s b) cm/s(2 Marks)

Ans. a) speed = 72 km/hr

72 km
=
1 hr

1km= 1000m

1hr=60 X 60=3600

72 ´ 1000m
so, speed=
1 ´ 3600 s

i.e. speed=20m/s

b) 1m = 100cm

72 km 72 ´ 1000 ´ 100cm
Speed= =
1 hr 1 ´ 3600 s

=2000cm/s

Q.16 Define the following

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 a). Speed

b). Average speed

c). Uniform speed

d). Non uniform speed(5 Marks)

Ans.

a) Speed: The distance travelled by a body per unit time over a short

interval of time is called its speed.

Speed= Distance travelled/ Time interval

b). Average Speed: Average speed of a moving body is equal to the total distance
travelled by the body to the total time taken by it to cover that distance.

Average speed= Total distance travelled/ Total time taken

c). Uniform speed: When a moving body travels equal distances in equal interval of
time irrespective of direction, then it is said to have uniform speed (constant speed)

d) Non-uniform speed: When a moving body travels unequal distances in equal

interval of time irrespective of direction, then it is said to have non-uniform speed
(variable speed).

Q.17 A man travels a distance of 1.5m towards East, then 2.0m towards South and
finally 4.5m towards East.

i) What is the total distance traveled?

ii) What is his total displacement?(2 Marks)

Ans.

i) Total distance travelled = 1.5+2.0+4.5=8.0m

ii) His resultant displacement can be explained by drawing a map

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 Let 1 cm represent 1m

Then man travels 1.5 cm from A to B toward east, then 2.0cm from B to C

towards south and finally C to D 4.5 cm towards east .Resultant displacement

can be found by joining the starting point A with the finishing Point D. Then

the line AD represents the final resultant displacement of the man. On

measuring, we find

AD = 6.3 cm

Since 1 cm = 1metre

6.3 cm = 6.3metre

Thus the resultant displacement of the man is 6.3 metres

Q18. Explain the uniform and non uniform motion by distance time graph.

(2 Marks)

Ans

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 .

a) The distance time graph for a body having uniform motion is a straight line.

b) The distance time graph for a body having non uniform motion is a curved
line.

Q19. The train A travelled a distance of 120 km in 3 hours where as another

train B travelled a distance of 180Km in 4 hours. Which train travelled

faster.(2 Marks)

Distance
Ans. Speed =
Time

The speed of train A=120km/3h

= 40km/h

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 180km
Speed of train B =
4hr

=45km/Hr

Since the speed of train B is higher 45km/h than speed of train A 40km/h

train B has travelled faster.

Q20. A train travels at a speed of 60km/hr for 0.52/hr, at 30km/h for the

next 0.24 hr and then at 70km/h for the next 0.71h.What is the

average speed of the train?(3 Marks)

Ans. i). In the first case, the train travels at a speed 0f 60km/h for a time of 0.52h.

Distance
Now speed =
Time

Distance
So, 60 =
Time

Distance = 60 x 0.52 = 31.2km/h ------------------------- (1)

ii) In the second case, the train travels at a speed 0f 30km/h for a time of

0.24h.

Distance
Now speed =
Time

Distance
So, 30 =
Time

Distance = 30 x 0.24 = 7.2km/h ------------------------------- (2)

iii) In the third case, the train travels at a speed of 70km/h for a time of 0.71h.

Distance
Now speed =
Time

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 Distance
So, 70 =
Time

Distance = 70 x 0.71 = 49.7km/h ------------------------------- (3)

From Equation 1 2 & 3 we get

Total Distance travelled = 31.2 + 7.2+49.7 = 88.1 km

Total Time taken = 0.52 +0.24 +0.71 = 1.47h

Total Distance traveled

We know that average speed =
Total Time taken

88.1
=
1.47

Þ Average speed =59.9 km/h

Q21. A bus between Vishakhapatnam and Hyderabad passed the 100km,

160km and 220km points at 10.30 a.m., 11.30 a.m. and 1.30. P.m.

Find the average speed of the Bus during each of the following intervals.

a) 10.30 a.m. to 11.30 a.m.

b) 11.30 a.m. to 1.30p.m.
c) 10.30 a.m. to 1.30. p.m. (3 Marks)

Ans.

a) The distance covered between 10.30. a.m. and 11.30 a.m. is

160 km -100km = 60 km

The average speed during this interval is

Distance
Speed=
Time taken

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 60km
v1 = = 60km/h
1hr

b) The distance covered between 11.30. a.m. and 1.30p.m. is 220 km -160km

= 60 km

The average speed during this interval is

Speed=Distance/Time taken

60km
V2 = = 30km/h
2hr

c) The distance covered between 10.30. a.m. and 1.30p.m. is 220 km -100km

= 120 km

The average speed during this interval is

Speed=Distance/Time taken

V3 =120km/3 hr = 40km/h

Q.22. A car covers 30km at a uniform speed of 60km/h and the next 30

km/h at a uniform speed of 40 km/h. find the total time taken. (3 Marks)

Distance
Ans. Uniform speed =
Time

Distance
Time =
Time

If the car takes time t1 to cover the first 30km= (60km/h) x t1

30km 1
t1 = = hr =30min
60km \ hr 2

Similarly the car takes time t2 to cover the next 30 Km,

30km= (40km/h) x t2

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 30km 3
t2 = = hr =45 min
40km \ hr 4

Total time taken is = t1 + t2

=30+45 = 57 minutes

Q.23. The average speed of a bicycle, an athlete and a car are 18km/hr,

7m/s and 2 km/min respectively. Which of these is the fastest and

which of these is slowest?(2 Marks)

Ans 18km/h = 18km/1h=18000/3600 sec = 5 m/s

2km/min = 2km/1 min =2000m/60s = 33.3 m/s

The average speed of the bicycle, the athlete and the car are 5m/s, 7m/sec,

and 33.3m/sec. So the car is fastest and bicycle is the slowest.

Q24. A body thrown vertically upward rises up to a height H, and comes

back to the initial position.

i) Calculate the total distance travelled by the body

ii) The displacement of the body(2 Marks)

Ans. The body thrown vertically up rises to a height h and then returns to

its initial position

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 i)The total distance travelled = h+h= 2h

ii) The body returns to its initial state. So the initial and final position coincides

with each other.

Therefore displacement of the body = 0(zero)

Q.25 Consider the situation shown in fig. below:

a) What is the position of a particle when it is at P1 and when it is at P2.

b) Are the positions same?

c) Are the two distance of the particle from the origin same?

(3 Marks)

Ans a) The position of the particle is

x=2m when it is at P1

x=-2m when it is at P2

b) The two positions are not same as they are in different directions

c) The distances of the particle from the origin in the two positions are same

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 and equal to 2 meters.

Q.26 Define velocity?(1 Mark)

Ans. Velocity is defined as the displacement of a body per unit time over a

short interval.

Velocity (v) = Displacement (x)/Time (t)

Or, the distance travelled by a body per unit time in a given direction is

called its velocity.

Q.27 When does the velocity changes?(1 Mark)

Ans. The velocity of a body changes due to a change in its speed or direction

or both.

Q.28 What is meant by uniform velocity (constant velocity)?(1 Mark)

Ans. When a body travels in a straight line (in a particular direction) and

covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to have

uniform velocity.

Q.29 What is meant by non-uniform velocity? (1 Mark)

Ans. A body is said to have non-uniform velocity when it covers unequal distances in
equal intervals of time in a particular direction or when it covers equal distances in equal
intervals of time, but changes its direction during the motion.

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Q.30 What is meant by average velocity of a body moving in a particular
direction? (1 Mark)

Ans. If the velocity of a body in a particular direction changes continuously at a uniform

rate then the arithmetic mean of the initial and final velocities over a given period of time
is called average velocity in that direction.

Average velocity in a particular direction Vav =(Initial velocity + final velocity )/2

Q.31 When does the velocity and speed of a moving body become identical?

(1 Mark)

Ans. If a body moves in a straight line in the positive direction then its velocity and
speed are equal and have the same sign i.e. speed and velocity are identical.

Q.32 Define acceleration?(1 Mark)

Ans. The change in velocity of a body per unit time is called acceleration.

Q.33 What is positive acceleration and negative acceleration?(1 Mark)

Ans. When the velocity of a body increases with time its acceleration is positive and when
the velocity of a body decreases with time its acceleration is negative.

Negative acceleration is also called deceleration or retardation.

Q.34 What is meant by uniform acceleration?(1 Mark)

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 Ans. when a body travels in a straight line and its velocity change by equal amount in
equal intervals of time it is said to have uniform acceleration.

Q.35 What is meant by non-uniform acceleration?(1 Mark)

Ans. When the velocity of a body changes by unequal amount in equal intervals of time it
is said to have non-uniform acceleration.

Q.36 Write the mathematical expression & S.I. units of the following?
1. Speed

2. Average velocity

3.Velocity

4. Average Velocity

5. Acceleration(5 Marks)

Ans.

i). Speed = Distance Travelled/Time taken

V= s/t

S.I. unit of speed = meter/sec =m/s or ms-1

It is a scalar quantity and has only magnitude.

ii). Average speed = Total Distance travelled / Total time taken

vav or v = s/t

S.I. unit of average speed = m/s or ms-1

Average speed is a scalar quantity.

iii) Velocity, V = Displacement (x)/ Time (t)

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 or, V = x/t

S.I. unit of velocity= m/s or ms-1

Velocity has magnitude as well as direction. So, velocity is a vector quantity.

iv) Average velocity = Initial velocity + Final velocity/2

Vav = u+v

u = initial velocity, v = final velocity.

S.I. unit of Vav = m/s

It is a vector quantity.

v) Acceleration= Change in velocity/ Time taken

v). Acceleration= Change in velocity/ Time taken

Change in velocity= Final velocity - initial velocity

Initial velocity of the body=u

Final velocity of the body=v

Time interval= t

Acceleration of the body= a

Þ a = (v-u)/t

S.I. unit= meter/(sec) 2

=m/s2 or ms-2

It is a vector quantity.

Q.37 When do we say the acceleration of a body is zero?(1 Mark)

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 Ans. Acceleration= Change in velocity/ Time interval

When the velocity of a body does not change i.e. final velocity is equal to the

initial velocity.

a=v-u/t = u-u/t = 0/t = 0

Q.38 What are equations of motion?(3 Marks)

Ans. The relationship between initial velocity (u), final velocity (v), distance (s),

acceleration (a) and time taken (t) in the case of moving object are called

equation of motion. The three equation of motion are,

First equation of motion, v = u + at

Second equation of motion, s = ut + ½ at2

Third equation of motion, v2 –u2 = 2as

Q.39 A car travels a distance of 200 km from Delhi to Ambala towards North in
5 hours. Calculate (i) speed & (ii) velocity of car for this journey? (2 Marks)

Ans. (i) Speed = Distance travelled/ Time taken

= 200km/5hr

= 40 km/hr

(ii) Velocity = Displacement / time taken

= 200km towards North/ 5 hr

= 40km /hr towards North

Q.40 A bus covers a distance of 250 km from Delhi to Jaipur towards West in 5 hours in
the morning and returns to Delhi in the evening covering the same distance of 250km in

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 the same time of 5 hours. Find (a) average speed & (b) average velocity of the bus for the
whole journey. (2 Marks)

Ans. (i) Average speed = Total distance travelled /Total time taken

= 250km + 250km/ 5hr + 5hr

= 50km/ hr

(ii) Bus travels from Delhi to Jaipur = +250km & then come back it means Jaipur
to Delhi = -250km

Average velocity =Total displacement /Total time taken

= 250km- 200km/5hr+5hr

=0km/10hr

Þ Average velocity = 0km/hr

Q.41 A driver change the speed of car from 25m/s to 10m/s in 5 seconds. Find
the acceleration of the car.(2 Marks)

Ans. Initial velocity of car, u = 25m/s

Final velocity of car, v = 10m/s

Time taken, t = 5s

a= (v-u)/t

= (10-25)/5 m/s2

= -15/5 ms-2

= -3 ms-2

The negative sign means it is retardation. So we can say that the car has a
retardation of 3 ms-2

Q.42. A scooter acquires a velocity of 36km per hour in 10 seconds just after the
start. Calculate the acceleration of the scooter.(2 Marks)

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 Ans. Converting 36 km per hour in to m/s
1km =1000m

36km =36000m

1 hr = 60 minutes

= 60*60 sec

= 3600 sec

Þ 36km/hr = 36000m/3600s = 10m/s or 36*5/18 m/sec= 10 m/sec

Now initial velocity, u = 0

Final velocity, v = 10m/s

Time t = 10 s

Acceleration, a =?

Substituting the value in first equation of motion,

v = u + at

10 = 0 + a*10

10a = 10

a = 1 m/s2

Q.43. A moving train is brought to rest within 20 sec by applying brakes. Find the
initial velocity, if the retardation due to brakes is 2 m/s2 . (1 Mark)

Ans. Retardation = -ve acceleration

Þ a = -2 m/s2

Given: u =?

v=0

a = -2 ms-2

t = 20 s

v = u + at

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 0 = u + (-2)* 20

0 = u – 40

Þ u = 40 ms-2

Q.44. A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 ms-2. What distance will it cover
in 10 seconds after the start?(1 Mark)

Ans. Given, u = 0

t = 10 s

a=4c

Distance, s =?

Second equation of motion is, s = ut + ½ at2

= 0*10 + ½ * 4 * (10) 2

= 0+200

s = 200m

Q.45 A scooter moving at a speed of 10m/s is stopped by applying breaks which

produce a uniform acceleration of –0.5 ms-2 How much distance will be covered by
the scooter before it stops?(1 Mark)

Ans. Given u = 10m/s

v=0

a = -0.5 ms-2

Distance, s =?

Third equation of motion is, v2 –u2 = 2as

Þ (0) 2 = (10) 2 + 2*(-0.5)*s

= 100 -s

s = 100m.

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 Q.46 Explain using distance – time graphs:

a) When the body is at rest.

b) When the body is moving with a uniform speed.
When the body is moving with a non-uniform speed.(3 Marks)

c)

Ans. a) Distance-time graph for a body at rest

Let us consider a body at a distance of 10m from a reference point. If this body
is at rest, then it will remain at the same distance at all the times.
Therefore, the distance-time graph of a body at rest is a straight line
parallel to the time axis (x-axis).

b) Distance-time graph for a body moving with a uniform speed

As shown in fig. The distance – time graph of a body which covers a distance of 1m every
10 sec. Thus, the distance time graph of a body moving with a uniform speed is a straight
line making an angle with the x-axis

d) Distance-time graph for a body moving with a non-uniform speed depends

upon the way speed of the body changes with time

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When the speed increases with time, the distance covered by it in one unit of time also
increases with time. Thus, the distance-time graph for a body moving with an increasing
non-uniform speed is a curve whose slope increases with time as shown in fig. (a)

Fig (a) Fig (b)

ii) When the speed decreases with time, the distance covered in one unit of time also
decreases with time. Therefore the distance-time graph for a body moving with a
decreasing non-uniform speed is a curve whose slope decreases with time as shown in fig.
(b)

Q.47 What is circular motion? Give examples. (2 Marks)

Ans. The motion of an object along a circular path is called circular motion. During
circular motion, the direction of the motion at any point is given by the tangent to the
circle at that point.

Examples:

i) The earth and the other planets move around in nearly circular paths.
ii) A stone tied to a string, when rotated gives rise to circular motion of the stone.

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Q.48 Why is uniform circular motion called accelerated motion?
(2 Marks)

Ans. When a body moves in a circular path its direction of motion changes continuously.
So, even body moves at a constant speed, its velocity is not constant. Thus, the velocity
of a body moving in a circular path at a constant speed changes continuously. The change
in velocity gives rise to acceleration in the moving body. Therefore, circular motion is an
accelerated motion, even the speed remains constant.

Q.49 Why is the motion of Satellites around their planets considered an accelerated
motion? (2 Marks)

Ans. Satellites revolve around their planets in almost circular orbits with constant speed.
Thus, during their motion, the speed remains constant, while the direction of motion
changes continuously. As a result, there is a change in their velocity. Therefore, the
motion of Satellites around their planets considered an accelerated motion.

Q.50 Why is uniform linear motion not an accelerated motion? (1 Mark)

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Ans. during uniform linear motion neither the speed nor the direction of motion changes.
As a result no acceleration is produced in the body. . Therefore uniform linear motion is
not an accelerated motion.

Q.51 What is meant by angular displacement?(2 Marks)

Ans. The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by the initial and final position of a

body moving along the circumference of a circle is called angular displacement of the

body.

As shown in fig. the body is moving along a circular path of radius r from A to B in time t,
the (curve) arc AB subtends an angle q at the center of circle. The Ð q is called angular
displacement of the body in time t.

Unit of angular displacement is radian & is denoted by rad.

Q.52 What is meant by angular velocity? Write its unit.(2 Marks)

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Ans. The rate of change of the angular displacement ( q ) with time (t) is known as
angular velocity.

It is denoted by (w) omega.

Angular velocity (w) = angular displacement ( q )/time (t)

Þw= q /t= radian/second

S.I. unit of angular velocity (w) is rad/s or rad s-1

Q.53 What is meant by angular acceleration?(2 Marks)

Ans. The rate of change of angular velocity is called angular acceleration.

It is denoted by alpha (a)

Angular acceleration (a)= Change in angular velocity/ time

Þ a = (w2-w1) rad/s /(t2-t1), s=(w2-w1/ t2-t1) rad s2

Q.54 Define Centripetal force. (1 Mark)

Ans. The force which is needed to make an object move in a circular path is called
centripetal force.

Q.55 A cyclist goes around a circular track once every 2 minutes. If the radius of
the circular track is 105 metres, calculate his speed. (Given P = 22/7) (2 Marks)

Ans. For a body moving in a circular path.

Speed (v) = 2Pr/t

Given P =22/7

r = 105 m

t= 2min =2*60=120s

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Þ v = (2*22*105)/(7*120) =5.5 m/s

Thus the speed of cyclist on the circular track is 5.5 m/s

Q.56 How many different types of velocity-time (speed-time) graphs are

possible for a straight-line motion. (8 Marks)

Ans. The different types of velocity-time graphs are:

i) When the speed/velocity remains constant:

Graph is a straight line parallel to the x-axis i.e. time. Slope of straight line is zero.

Hence, the acceleration of the body moving with a constant speed or velocity is zero.

ii) When the initial speed/velocity is zero and the speed/velocity increases
uniformly at a constant rate with time:

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Graph is a straight line sloping upwards and passing through the origin. Slope of the
straight line is +ve. Therefore, the body moving with a uniform increasing speed/velocity
has uniform acceleration.

iii) When the initial speed/velocity is not zero and the speed/velocity
increases uniformly with time:

Graph is a straight line sloping upwards & making an intercept on the y-axis i.e. speed
axis

Slope of the straight line is +ve. Therefore, the body whose speed/velocity increases
uniformly has uniform acceleration.

iv) When the body is moving at a certain speed/velocity and the speed/velocity
decreases uniformly with time.

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Graph is a straight line sloping downwards. Slope of the straight line is -ve. So the
acceleration of the body is –ve.

Therefore, the body is under uniform retardation.

v) When the speed/velocity increases non-uniformly with time. i.e.

When the body is under non-uniform acceleration:

Graph in this case is a curve moving upwards. Slope of the curve is +ve and increases
with time. Positive slope of the curve at any point is equal to the acceleration of the body.
So the acceleration of the body increases with time i.e. body is under non-uniform
acceleration.

vi) When the speed/velocity decreases non-uniformly with time. i.e.

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When the body is under non-uniform retardation.

Graph in this case is a curve moving downwards. Slope of the curve is -ve and

increases with time. -ve slope of a speed/velocity-time graph gives retardation of

the body. So the retardation increases with time i.e. body is under non-uniform

retardation & decreases alternatively i.e. speed/velocity changes alternatively.

vii) When the speed/velocity increases:

Graph is zigzag curve. The body is under uniform acceleration & under uniform

retardation respectively.

viii) When the speed/velocity increases in a stepwise manner:

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Graph looks like a staircase.

The body has alternatively large acceleration i.e. vertical motion and zero acceleration i.e.
horizontal motion.

Q.57 The brakes applied to a car produced an acceleration of 6 ms-2 in the

opposite direction to the motion. If the car takes 2s to stop after the application
of brakes, calculate the distance it travels during this time.

(3 Marks)

Ans. Given a = -6 ms-2 t = 2 s, v = 0 ms-1

From eq. v= u+at

0= u+ (-6)*2=12 ms-1

From eq. s= ut+1/2 at2

= 12*2+1/2(-6) (2) 2

= 24-12=12m

Thus the car will move 12m before it stops after applying brakes.

Q.58 A train starting from rest attains a velocity of 72km h-1in 5 min. Assuming
that the acceleration is uniform; find

(i) The acceleration &

(ii) The distance travelled by the train for attaining this velocity.

(2 Marks)

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Ans. Given u=0, v=72km/h=20ms-1, t=5min=300s

(i) From eq. v= u+at

a= (v-u)/t

=20 ms-1- 0 ms-1/300

=1/15 ms-2

(ii) v2 –u2 = 2as

s= v2 –u2/2a

=(20 ms-1) 2- (0 ms-1) 2/2*(1/15) ms-2

=(20*20*15) /(2)

=3000m

=3km

The acceleration of the train is 1/15 ms-2 & the distance traveled is 3km.

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