Physical quantities: Quantities, which are measured directly or indirectly, are known as physical

quantities. For example area, volume, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, force,
momentum, impulse, mass, weight, pressure, density etc.
Type of physical quantities: It is of two type (i) Fundamental or Basic quantities (ii) Derived
quantities
Fundamental or Basic quantities: are those quantities which are independent of each other and are
such that all other physical quantities can be derived from them.

Quantities SI Symbol
1 Length meter m
2 Mass kilogram kg
3 Time second s
4 Temperature kelvin K
5 Amount of substance mole mol
6 Electric current ampere A
7 Luminous intensity candela Cd
The two supplementary physical quantities are

1 Plane angle radian rad

2 Solid angle Steradian Sr

Derived quantities: are those quantities, which depend on fundamental quantities.

For example area, volume, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum,
impulse, weight, pressure, density etc.

System of units: The common system of units are as follows:

(a)f.p.s system: is the American system of units, which uses foot as the unit of length, pound as the unit
of mass and second as the unit of time.
1foot = 0.3048 m 1Pound = 0.4536 kg

(b)c.g.s system: is the Gaussian system which uses centimeter as the unit of length, gram as the unit of
mass and second as the unit of time.

(c)m.k.s system: is the metric system which uses meter as the unit of length, kilogram as the unit of
mass and second as the unit of time.

(d)S.I(International System of units): This system of unit is a modified form of m.k.s system and is
therefore called as rationalized m.k.s system.

Kinematics: The branch of mechanics that deal with a study of motion of objects without considering
the factors which causes motion i.e nature of force, type of surface, nature of body.

Physical quantities are divided into four parts:

(i) Ratio (ii) Scalar (iii) Vectors

Ratio: Ratio is the physical quantities that have magnitude only and does not have units.
Example: Relative density, Refractive index, magnification, strain.

Scalar quantities: The physical quantities, which have only magnitude and unit but no direction, are
called scalar quantities ( i.e scalar quantities = magnitude + unit)

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Example: Area, volume, length, time, distance, speed, work, energy, mass, temperature etc.
Note:1) Scalar can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divide by the simple rule of algebra.

Vector quantities: The physical quantities, which have magnitude, unit as well as direction, are called
vector quantities (i.e vector quantities = magnitude + unit + direction)
Example: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, impulse etc.
Note1) Vector quantities cannot be added, subtracted and multiplied by the simple rule of algebra.
2) Division process in vector is invalid. 3) Vector quantities are represented by

Distance and Displacement

Distance(s)
Note: i) It is a scalar quantity ii) Distance covered by a moving body always positive
iii) Distance covered by moving body can never be 0 or negative.
iv) Distance of a moving body always increases with respect to time.
v) The distance of an object between two points does not tell the path followed by body.
vi)The distance of a body between two points may have variable values
vii)It is measured with the help of odometer.
viii) The total distance covered by the body is always greater than or equal to the displacement of a
body.

Displacement(𝒔):
Note: i) It is a vector quantity.
ii) Displacement covered by moving body may be positive, may be zero or negative.
iii) Displacement of a moving body may be increases or decreases with respect to time.
iv) The displacement of a body between two points always a straight line.
v) The displacement of an object between two points has a unique value.
vi) The total displacement covered by the body is always less than or equal to the distance of a body.

Q1. Can a distance travelled by a body is equal to the displacement travelled by a body.

Q2. Can a displacement travelled by a body is greater than distance move by a body.

Q3. Can distance of a moving body is 0?

Q4. If a distance covered by a body is 0, then what does it mean.

Q5. A body moves on a boundary of a square field of side ‘a’. Find the distance and displacement of a
body when it moves from:- C D
(i)A to P (ii)A to B (iii)A to Q (iv)A to C
(v)A to R (vi)A to D (vii) A to S (viii)A to A
(P, Q, R, S are the mid-points)
Q6. Solve the same problem by taking the side of square field 4 m. A B

Q7. A body moves on a boundary of rectangular field of side 8 m and 6 m. Find the distance and
displacement of a body, when it move from: C D
(i)A to P (ii)A to B (iii)A to Q (iv)A to C
(v)A to R (vi)A to D (vii) A to S (viii)A to A
(P, Q, R, S are the mid-points)

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 Q8. Ali jogs from one end A to the other end B of a straight 300 m road in 2 min 30 sec and then turns
around and jogs 100 m back to pint C in another 1 min. What are Ali’s distance and displacement in
jogging from: (a) A to B (b) A to C

Q9. A body travels a distance of 4 km towards east, then 5 km towards north and finally 6 km towards
east. (i) What is the total distance travelled (ii) What is the resultant displacement

Q10. A particle moves along a circle of radius R. It starts from A and moves in
anticlockwise direction. Calculate the distance travelled by the particle from:-
(i)A to B (ii)A to C (v)A to D (vi)A to A

Q11. Solve the same problem by taking the radius 70 m.

Q12. A body moves along a semicircular path of radius R.

Calculate the ratio of distance and displacement from A to B.

Q13. Find the distance and displacement of body from point A to B.

If radius = 10 3 cm and central angle = 120o.

Q14. A wheel of radius r is rolling on the road. Find the displacement of a:

(i) point A in half rotation of a wheel on the road
(ii) point A full rotation of a wheel on the road.

Q15. A body moves on a circular path of diameter 140 m. It complete one lap in 40 sec. Find the
distance and displacement covered by the body after the end of 2 min 40 sec.

Q16. A body moves on a circular path of radius 35 m. It complete one lap in 40 sec. Find the distance
and displacement covered by the body after the end of 4 min 10 sec.

Q17. A body moves on a circular path of radius 7.0 m. It complete one lap in 40 sec. Find the distance
and displacement covered by the body after the end of 2 min 20 sec.

State of rest: A body is said to be in state of rest, if it does not change its position with time, with
respect to the fix reference point in the surrounding.
State of motion: A body is said to be in motion if it changes its position continuously with time, with
respect to the fix reference point in the surrounding.

Type of motion: (1) Uniform motion (ii) Nonuniform motion

(i) Uniform motion: When a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, the motion of a
body is said to be uniform motion. for e.g:- A car is moving with constant speed etc

(ii) Non-uniform motion: When a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, the
motion of a body is said to be non-uniform motion. OR When a body covers equal distances in unequal
intervals of time, the motion of a body is said to be non-uniform motion.

Note: State of rest and motion relative. Explain?

Note: Nothing in the world is at absolute rest.

Speed and velocity

Speed:

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Note i) It is a scalar quantity. ii) Speedometer measures the speed of a moving body.
iii) Speed of a moving body cannot be zero or negative.
iv) Speed of a moving body always a positive.
v) Speed of a moving body does not depend on the path on which it is move.
vi) Magnitude of speed of a moving body is always greater than or equal to the magnitude of velocity of
a moving body.
Velocity:
Note i) It is a vector quantity.
ii) Velocity of a moving body can be zero, positive or negative.
iii) Velocity of a moving body depends on the path on which it is move.
iv) Magnitude of velocity of a moving body is always less than or equal to the magnitude of speed of a
moving body.

Uniform velocity: When a body is moving along a straight line, covering equal distances in equal
intervals of time.

Non-uniform motion: When a body covers unequal distances in a particular direction in equal
intervals of time.

Q19. Can an average speed of a body is equal to the average velocity of a moving body.

Q20. Is it possible that a body is moving with uniform speed and non-uniform velocity?

Q21. Is it possible that a body is moving with uniform velocity and non-uniform speed?

Q22. Is it possible that a body is moving with uniform speed and uniform velocity?

Q23. A car travels 30 km at a uniform speed of 30 km/h and next 30 km at a uniform speed of 20 km/h.
Find the average speed of a car.

Q24. A train travels at a speed of 60 km/h for 0.52 h, at 30 km/h for next 0.24 h and then at 70 km/h
for the next 0.71 h. What is the average speed of the train?

Q25. A car travels a certain distance with a speed of 50 km/h and return with a speed of 40 km/h.
Calculate the average speed of the car.

Q26. On a 120 km track, a train travels the first 30 km at a uniform speed of 60 km/h. How fast must
the train travel the next 90 km as to have average speed 80 km/h for the entire trip.

Q27. The distance between Aligarh and Delhi is 200 km. A train travels the first 100km at a speed of 50
km/h. How fast must the train travel remaining distance as to have average 70 km/h for the whole
journey.

Q28. A body travels on a circular path of radius 70 m. It takes 5 sec to complete one lap. Find the
average speed and velocity of a body of a body after the end of 2 min 40 sec.

Q29. A body travels on a circular path of diameter 200 m. It takes 40 sec to complete one round. Find
the average speed and velocity of a body of a body after the end of 2 min 20 sec.

Q30. Two particles are moving with a constant speed v, such that they are always at a constant distance
d apart and their velocity are always equal and opposite. After what distance they return to their initial
position.

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Q31. What is the numerical ratio of average velocity to average speed of an object
(a) ≥ 1 (b) ≤ 1 (c) = 1 (d) NOT

Q32. A person travels along a straight road for the first half length with a constant speed V1 and the
second half length with a constant speed V2. The average speed V is:
𝟏
𝟏
𝑽𝟏 +𝑽𝟐 𝟐𝒗𝟏 𝒗𝟐 𝑽𝟐 𝟐
(a) (b) 𝒗𝟏 𝒗𝟐 𝟐 (c) (d)
𝟐 𝑽𝟏 +𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏
Q33. A man covers half distance with speed V and remaining half with speed V1 and V2 for equal time
interval. Find his average speeds.

1𝑟𝑑 2𝑟𝑑
Q34. A bus covers half distance at speed V and remaining half at speed V1 for 3 time and V2 for 3
time. Find average speed.

Q35. Ali takes 15 min to go from his home to school and 30 min for the return journey. If the distance
between the school and the home is 5 km, what is his average velocity?

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