Chapter 10 MOTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCE

I. Define:
1. Measurement: It is the comparison of an unknown quantity with some known
quantity.

2. Unit: The known fixed quantity used as a standard of measurement is called

unit. eg: metre, gram, litre, etc.

3. Rest: If the position of an does not change with respect to time, it is said to be
at rest. eg: a table, a clock, an house, etc.

4. Motion: If the position of an object changes with respect to time, it is said to

be in motion. eg: a flying bird, hands of a clock, a kite moving in wind

5. Distance: The length of the space between two points (or two places) is called
distance. eg: The distance between Delhi and Agra

II. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

1. Name some modes of measurement.

Ans: Handspan, cubit, finger, pace.

2. Why can a pace or a footstep not be used as a standard unit of length?

Ans: A standard unit of length should always be fixed in all parts of the world
and it should not vary. But, the measurement of a pace or a footstep varies
from person to person. So, it cannot be used as a standard unit of length.

3. What is the full form of SI unit?

Ans: International system of units.

4. Arrange the following lengths in their increasing magnitudes.

1 metre, 1 centimetre, 1 kilometre, 1 millimetre.

Ans: 1 millimetre, 1 centimetre, 1 metre, 1 kilometre.

5. List three precautions which should be taken while measuring the length of
any object by using a scale.

Ans: The three precautions which should be taken are as follows:

(i) We should place the scale in contact with the object along its length.

(ii) We should place the zero mark of the scale at one end of the object.
The reading at the other end gives the length of the object. But if the
zero mark of the scale is broken, we should take the next full mark on
 the scale and subtract this mark from the final reading to get the length
of the object.
(iii) Our eye must be exactly in front of the point where measurement is to
be taken. It should be neither to the right nor to the left of the point of
measurement.

6. Why should you not use a measuring tape made of any elastic material like
rubber to measure distance?

Ans: Elastic material have no fixed length. Their length changes when they
are stretched by a certain force. So, an elastic measuring tape will always give
a false reading other than the actual reading. It is very difficult to measure this
difference in measurement. As such, a measuring tape made of any elastic
material should not be used as we will never get correct readings.

7. Differentiate rectilinear, circular and periodic motion.

Rectilinear motion Circular motion Periodic motion
When an object moves When an object moves If the motion of an
along a straight line, it along a circular path, it object gets repeated in
is said to be in is said to be in circular equal intervals of time,
rectilinear motion. motion. it is said to be in
periodic motion.
1. An apple 1. The blades of a 1. Motion of
falling down fan when it is pendulum of a
from a tree. switched on. clock.

2. Ay vehicle 2. A car racing 2. Motion of a

moving on a along a circular child on a
straight road. track. swing.

III. Case base questions:

1. Three students measured the length of a corridor and reported their
measurements. The values of their measurements were different. What could be
the reason for difference in their measurements? (Mention any three).
Ans: 1. Non standardized instruments.
2. Wrong method of measurements
3. Use of different scales or devices.

2. Boojho was riding in his bicycle along a straight road. He classified the motion of
various parts of the bicycle as (i) rectilinear motion, (ii) circular motion and (iii)
both rectilinear as well as circular motion. Can you list one part of the bicycle for
each type of motion? Support your answer with reason.
 Ans: Handle bar – Rectilinear Motion.
The handle bar moves in a straight line as the wheels of the bicycle move
forward.
Pedal – Circular Motion:
Pedals cannot move in other direction except circular because they are fixed to
a chain.
Wheels – Both Rectilinear and Circular Motions.
When the wheel rotates the bicycle moves forward too. So, rectilinear and
circular motions are both shown in the wheels of a moving bicycle.

IV. Assertion and reason questions:

(1) Assertion – For the measurements unit international system of units are
the system or method used.
Reason – The kg is the SI unit of length.
a) Assertion and reason both are true and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are true and reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.

c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Ans- Option C

(2) Assertion – For measuring the length of an object choose a suitable

device.
Reason – We can measure the length of a curved line directly by using a
meter scale.
a) Assertion and reason both are true and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are true and reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.

c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

d) Assertion is false but reason is true
Ans- Option C
(3) Assertion – A branch of a tree moving to and fro, motion of a child on a
swing, strings of a guitar are the example of periodic motion.
Reason- The motion in which an object repeats it’s motion after some times
known as periodic motion
a) Assertion and reason both are true and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are true and reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.

c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

d) Assertion is false but reason is true
Ans- Option A