CHAPTER - 10

MOTION AND MEASUREMENT

OF DISTANCES

CLASS :- VI
SUBJECT :- SCIENCE
1) Modes of transport :-
Long ago people did not have any mode of transport.
They used to travel on foot and carry loads on their backs
or on animals.
 Later people began to use animal carts, boats, steam
engine trains, automobiles, motor boats, ships, aeroplanes,
electric trains, supersonic planes, space crafts etc.
2) Measurement :-
Measurement is comparing an unknown quantity with a
known fixed quantity. The known fixed quantity is called a
unit.
All measurement have two parts. The first part is a
number and the second part is a unit.
Eg :- If the length of a notebook is 20 cm, then 20 is the
number and the unit is cm (centimetre.)
Long ago people used length of foot, width of finger,
distance of step (pace), cubit, hand span etc. as units to
measure lengths. These units were not correct because
these units were different for different people.
3) Standard units of measurement :-
The system of units used now for measurement is called
International System Of Units or SI units.
The SI unit of Length is metre (m).
1 metre (m) = 100 centimetre (cm)
A larger unit of metre is kilometre (km)
1 kilometre (km) = 100 metres (m)

Metre scale

15 cm scale
4) Measurement of length :-
Length is measured by using a metre scale, metre rod or
measuring tape.

Measuring rod

15 cm scale

Metre scale

Measuring tape
4) Correct measurement of length :-
i) Place the scale along the length of the object.
ii) The zero of the scale should be kept at the end of the
object. If one end of the scale is broken then we can take
the measurement from another full mark an then subtract
this reading from the final reading.
iii) The eye should be in front of the point where the
measurement is taken.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5) Measuring the length of a curved line :-
We can measure the length of a curved line AB by using
a thread. Take a thread and make a knot near its one end.
Keep the knot on point A. Then place the thread over the
curved line till the point B. Make a mark on the thread where
it touches the point B. Then stretch the thread over a metre
scale and measure the length from the knot to the mark.
This will be equal to the length of the curved line.

Curved line
.
B

.A
Thread
6) Motion :-
The change in the position of a body with time is called
motion.
7) Types of motion :-
There are different types of motion. They are :-
i) Rectilinear motion ii) Circular motion iii) Periodic motion
i) Rectilinear motion :-
Rectilinear motion is the motion of a body along a
straight line.
Eg :- Motion of a vehicle on a straight road.
March past of soldiers in a parade.
Sprinters in a 100 metre race.
Falling of a stone.
ii) Circular motion :-
Circular motion is the motion of a body in a circular path.
Eg :- Motion of the blades of a fan.
Motion of the hands of a clock.
Motion of a merry go round.
Motion of a spinning top.
iii) Periodic motion :-
Periodic motion is motion which repeats after fixed
intervals of time.
Eg :- Motion of the pendulum of a clock.
Motion of a swing.
Motion of the strings of a guitar.
Motion of the needle of a sewing machine.