AMBER INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, THANE

ACADEMIC YEAR (2023 – 2024)

SCIENCE NOTES
Chapter 12 : Motion and Time
Class: VII Date: 16.10.2023
Q1. Define the following:
1. Non- uniform motion : An object is said to be in non-uniform motion if it covers unequal
distances in equal intervals of time.
2. Odometer: Odometer is an instrument which is used to measure the distance covered by a
vehicle like car.
3. Time period: The time period is the time taken by the pendulum to complete one oscillation.
4.Uniform Motion: An object is said to be in uniform motion if it moves in a straight line and
covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
5.Speed: Speed of a body is the distance covered by it in unit time.

Q2. The following are Assertion and Reason based questions

Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option
given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true
1. Assertion: 1 Year = 365 days.
Reason: 1 day = 1440 min.
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
2. Assertion: Distance can be calculated if speed and time are known.
Reason: Distance = Speed × Time.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
3. Assertion: A sundial is used to measure time.
Reason: One year = 8990 hours
Answer: (c) A is true but R is false
4. Assertion: Water clock was used to measure speed.
Reason: Hands of a clock show uniform motion.
Answer: (d) A is False but R is true.
Q3. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. How can you identify that an object is in motion or at rest?
Ans: If the position of a body changes with respect to time and its surroundings, it is said to be in
motion. However, if the body does not change its position with time, then it is said to be at rest.

2. How will you calculate speed if distance and time are given?
Ans: If distance and time are given, then speed can be calculated by the formula given below.
Speed = Distance/Time

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3. How will you define a month?
Ans: The time period between one new moon and the next was called a month.

4. Name any two devices that were used in the ancient times to measure time.
Ans: Sundial and sand clock were the devices used in earlier days to measure time.

5. What is the name of the device fitted in a vehicle that is used to measure speed?
Ans: Speedometer is fitted in a vehicle to measure its speed

Q4. Answer in detail.

1. With the help of example write the difference between uniform and non-uniform motion.
Uniform motion Non- Uniform motion
An object is said to be in uniform motion if it An object is said to be in non-uniform motion
moves in a straight line and covers equal if it covers unequal distances in equal
distances in equal intervals of time. intervals of time.
For example, if a car moves on a straight road For example, a car moving on a road may
at the same speed, then it is said to be in slow down or speed up depending upon the
uniform motion. traffic. At that time, it covers unequal
distances in equal intervals of time.

2. Describe Simple Pendulum

• A simple pendulum is composed of a small metallic ball called bob that is suspended from a
rigid stand with the help of a string.
• The bob is said to be in its mean position when it is at rest.
• The pendulum moves to and fro about its mean position O when the bob is displaced slightly.
• The pendulum completes one oscillation when the bob moves from the mean position O to
one end A and then from A to another end B and back from B to O.
• It can also be considered that 73 the pendulum completes one oscillation when the bob moves
from one extreme position (A) to the other (B) and then back to the initial position (A).
• The time period is the time taken by the pendulum to complete one oscillation.
• The time period of a pendulum of a given length of string is always the same.

3. What do you mean by distance-time graph? What is its significance?

• The motion of a moving body is represented by a line graph known as the distance-time
graph.
• The distance-time graph helps us to find the distance covered by an object at any instant of
time.
• The distance-time graph of a body that is moving in uniform motion is always a straight line.
• Whereas, the distance-time graph of a body moving in non-uniform motion is not a straight
line.

4. How did people measure time in earlier days?

• In earlier times, people observed the periodically occurring natural events to measure time.
• For example, the time period between one sunrise and the next was a unit of time called a
day.
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• The time period between one new moon and the next was called a month.
• A year is the time taken by the earth to complete one revolution around the sun. An object
called sundial was used in ancient times to measure the time of the day.
• It was based on the principle that as the sun’s position in the sky changes, the position and
length of the shadow cast by an object also changes.
• It was made by fixing a rod upright on a dial that is made on the ground or carved from a
stone.
• As the sun’s position changed across the sky, the shadow of the rod aligned with the hours
marked on the dial and indicated the time of the day.
• The names of other devices that were used to measure time in earlier days were sand clocks,
water clocks and candle clocks.

5. With the help of an experiment, show that the time period of a pendulum is constant.
Ans: We can perform the following experiment to show that the time period of a pendulum is
constant. For this we need a string, a small weight (a lock), a support (a hook or doorknob) and a
stopwatch. Now, we will follow the steps given below.
• Take a 1 m long string and tie a weight (lock) at one of its ends.
• Tie the other end of the string to a rigid support (hook or doorknob).
• Wait for the simple pendulum to come to rest at its mean position.
• Displace the bob to the left or right side and release it.
• Using a stopwatch, note the time taken by the bob to complete 20 oscillations. Calculate the
time period of the pendulum by dividing the time taken by the number of oscillations, i.e. 20.
• Perform the activity five times with the same apparatus and calculate the values of time period.
• It can be observed that the value of time period is the same. This shows that the time period of
a pendulum is constant
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