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9th class physics short questions:

Chapter no 1
Q1: What is the difference between Base quantities and Derived quantities?
Give example.
Ans:
Base Quantities Derived Quantities
Base quantities are the quantities on Those physical quantities which are
which the basis of other quantities are derived in terms of base quantities are
derived. called Derived Quantities.
Example: Length, Mass, Time etc. Example: Area, Volume, Speed etc.
Q2: Pick out the base units in the following:
Joule, Newton, Kilogram, Hertz, Mole, Ampere, Meter, Kelvin.
Ans: Kilogram, Meter, Ampere, Kelvin, Mole
Q3: Find the base quantities in each of the following derived quantities?
Ans: Speed: It is derived from length and time. V=S/T
Volume: It is derived from length. V=m³
Force: It is derived from kilogram, Length and Time. F=m×a
Work: It is derived from length, Mass and Time. Work=F×S
Q4: Estimate your age in seconds?
Ans: 1 Year=365 Days
1 Year=365×24=8760 hours
1 Year=8760×60=525600 minutes
1 Year=525600×60=3153600 sec
Q5: What role SI units have played in the development of science?
Ans: “SI” units have played an important role in the development of science. By SI
units all over the world we use same units in trade and dealing.
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Q6: What is meant by Vernier Constant? Or least count?

Ans: In the vernier caliper the total difference between small units of main scale
and vernier scale is 0.1 mm. It is called least count of Vernier Caliper or Vernier
Constant.
Q7: What do you understand by the zero error of a measuring instrument?
Ans: Knowing the zero error of any measuring instrument is error of
measurement in this instrument. Zero error will be positive if the vernier scale of
zero line is right side from the main scale of zero line. Zero error will be negative if
the vernier scale of zero line is left side from the main scale of zero line.
Q8: Why the use of zero error is necessary in a measuring instrument?
Ans: By using zero error in measuring instrument the chance of error finished in
measurement.
Q9: What is Stopwatch? What is the least count of a mechanical stop watch
you have used in the laboratories?
Ans: A Stopwatch is an instrument which is used to measure the specific time
interval of an event. The least count of Mechanical stop watch is 0.1 second.
Q10: Why do we need to measure extremely small interval of time?
Ans: Some of them happened in a very short interval of time. We need to
measure such extremely small interval of time to calculate the time of these
incidents.
Q11: What is meant by Significance figures of a measurement?
Ans: All the accurately known digits and the first doubtful digit in an expression
are called Significant figures. Significant figure reflects the precision of a
measured value of a physical quantity.
Q12: How is precision related to the Significance figures in a measured
quantity?
Ans: An improvement in the quality of measurement by using better instrument
increases the significant figures in the measured results. More significant figure
means greater accuracy.

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Chapter No 2
Q1: Explain Translatory Motion and give Examples of various Types of
Translatory Motion?
Ans: In translatory motion anybody moves in a line without rotation which may
be straight or rotational.
There are Three types of translatory motion:-
(1) Linear Motion: Straight line motion of a body is known as its linear motion.
Example: Aero plane
(2) Circular Motion: The motion of an object in a circular path is known as
circular motion.
Example: Motion of earth around the sun and Motion of the moon around
the Sun.
(3) Random Motion: The irregular motion of an object is called Random motion.
Example: Motion of insects and Motion of dust particle.

Q2: Differentiate between the following:-

Ans: (a)
REST MOTION
If a body does not change its position If a body change its position with
with respect to its surroundings. respect to its surroundings.
Example: Tree and Chair Example: A moving Bus
(b)
CIRCULAR MOTION ROTATORY MOTION
If a body moves in a circular path. The spinning motion of a body about
its axis.
Example: Motion of earth around the Example: Fan
sun.
(c)

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DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
Length of path between two points is The shortest distance between two
called Distance. points.
It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.
Formula: S=V/T Formula: d=v×t
(d)
SPEED VELOCITY
The distance covered by an object in The rate of displacement of a body.
unit time.
Formula: V=S/T Formula: V=d/t
(e)
SCALAR QUANTITIES VECTOR
QUANTITIES
A scalar is described by its magnitude A vector is described by its magnitude
only. and direction.
Example: Length, Mass, Time etc Example: Velocity, Momentum,
Torque etc

(f) Define Acceleration?

Ans: The rate of change of velocity of a body is called Acceleration. It is a vector
quantity. And its Formula is:-
Acceleration=Change in velocity / Time taken

Q3: Can a body moving at a constant speed have acceleration?

Ans: Yes, a body moving at a constant speed has acceleration if it moves on
circular track become on circular track the motion of a body change every
moment.

Q4: How can vector quantities be represented graphically?

Ans: Graphically a vector can be represented by a straight line. One side of the
line has a arrow which is called head and the other side is known as tail.

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Q5: How do riders in a ferris wheel possess translatory motion but not circular
motion?
Ans: Riders in a ferris wheel have rotatory motion become in rotatory motion the
line about which a body moves is passing through the body itself, and its not a
circular motion become in circular motion the point about which a body goes
around is outside the body.

Q6: Why vector quantities cannot be added and subtracted like scalar
quantities?
Ans: In vector quantities there is direction while in scalar quantities there is no
direction. That’s why we cannot add or subtract both of them with same method.

Q7: How are vector quantities important in our daily life?

Ans: In our daily life direction is calculated in different jobs. So vector quantities
play an important role in this field. For example if we indicate the position of a
location then it is necessary to point out its direction and distance from that
place.

Q8: Derive Equation of motion?

Ans: There are Three equations of motions:-
Vf=vi+at , S=vit+½at² 2as=Vf²-Vi²

Q9: What would be the shape of a speed-time graph of a body moving with
variable speed?
Ans: When a body is moving with variable speed, the shape of its speed-time
graph is not a straight line.
Q10: how will you define the uniform speed?

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Ans: Speed of the may be change during interval of time. if the speed of the body
does not change then it is said to be in uniform speed. Is defined as the body
covers equal distance in equal interval of time is known as uniform speed.
Q11: Can speedometer of a car measures its velocity?
Ans: No, speedometer of car not measure the velocity because its only give the
magnitude of car speed not the direction.
Q12: define retardation?
Ans: if the velocity of the object decreasing then it is said to be negative
acceleration or also known as retardation.
e.g: if driver applies the brake on the car then the velocity of the car decrease
which is known as retardation.

Chapter No 3
Q1: Define the following terms:
Ans: Force: It moves or trends to move, stop or trends to stop the motion of a
body.
Inertia: Inertia of a body is its property due to which it resists any change in
its state of rest or motion.
Momentum: The product of mass and velocity is called Momentum. P=
m×v
Force of Friction: The force that opposes the motion of moving objects is
called Friction.
Centripetal Force: The force which keeps the body to move in a circular
path.
Q2: What is the Difference Between?
Ans: (a)
MASS WEIGHT
Mass of a body is the quantity of The force with which Earth attracts
matter that it possesses. anybody towards its center.

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It is Scalar quantity. It is a Vector quantity.

Mass does not change with change of Weight changes with change of place.
place.
(b)
ACTION REACTION
It is the force that exerted by a body. It is also a force that is exerted by the
second body.
Example: Throwing a ball at a wall is an action while its rebounding is
reaction.
(c)
SLIDING FRICTION ROLLING
FRICTION
A force between the sliding objects A friction on the rolling body and on
which opposes the relative motion which it is rolling is called Rolling
between them is called Sliding friction. friction.
Q3: What is law of inertia?
Ans: Newton first law of motion is also known as law of inertia. According to
which anybody remains in rest or motion until some external force acts on it.
Q4: Why is the dangerous to travel on the roof of a bus?
Ans: When a bus takes a sharp turn, passengers falls in the outward direction. It is
due to Inertia.
Q5: Why does a passenger move outward when a bus takes a turn?
Ans: It is due to inertia. As they want to continue their motion in a straight line
and thus fall outwards.
Q6: What will be the tension in a rope that is pulled from its ends by two
opposite forces 100 N each?
Ans: In this rope the tension will be zero because both the forces cancel the effect
of each other.
Q7: A horse pushes the cart if the action and reaction are equal and opposite
then how does the cart move?

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Ans: They always act on two difference bodies that’s why they do not cancel the
effect of each other so that’s why this body can move easily.
Q8: What is the law of conservation of momentum?
Ans: The momentum of an isolated system of two or more than two interacting
bodies before and after the collisions remains the same is known as law of
conservation of momentum.
Q9: Why is the law of conservation of momentum important?
Ans: This law has vast applications. It is applicable on all objects either larger or
smaller.
Q10: When a gun is fired, it recoils. Why?
Ans: To conserve momentum of the system, the gun recoils.
Q11: Describe two situations in which force of friction is needed?
Ans: 1) Friction is needed when we write and we cannot write without friction.
2) Friction enables us to walk on the earth. 3) Due to friction the birds
can fly in the air.
Q12: Describe Ways to Reduce Friction?
Ans: 1) Making the sliding surfaces smooth.
2) Making the fast moving objects a streamline shape.
3) Using lubricants between the sliding surfaces.
Q13: Why Rolling friction is less than sliding friction?
Ans: Rolling friction is extremely small than sliding friction because the contact
point is very small between road and the tyre.
Q14: What you know about the Following:
Ans: 1) Tension in the string: The more weight of the mass tied with a string is the
more tension and pull it would have the tension T in the string must be equal and
opposite of the weight W of the body.

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2) Limiting force of friction: The maximum value of friction is known as the force
of limiting friction.
3) Braking force: To stop a car quickly, a large force of friction between the tyres
and the road is needed. Its braking force that causes to stop the vehicles of car.
4) Skidding of vehicles: The vehicles in fast speed cause to rub their tyres while
braking and the friction is reduced. Due to which the action of slipping in the
vehicles starts.
5) Seat belts: In fast moving vehicles, a vehicle is driven with seat belts to save
from accidents. If a sudden brake is needed the seat belt saves the driver from
accidents.
6) Banking of roads: Banking of a road means that the outer edge of a road is
raised. When a vehicle takes a turn fast in a round on the road, there is a danger
of its slipping. To save from it, the outer edges of the roads are raised which are
called banking off roads.
7) Cream Separator: The cream separator is used to separate the quantity of
elements of fat from the foods. Through its use the heavy elements of milk stays
down in the bottom of the pot. While the lighter elements start floating on the
surface of milk and in this way they are separated from it which is called cream or
butter.
Q15: What would happen if all friction suddenly disappears?
Ans: If all frictions suddenly disappear then the system of universe would be
destroyed and nothing would be possible.
Q16: Why the spinner of a washing machine is made to spin at a very high
speed?
Ans: When it spins at high speed the water from wet clothes is forced out through
these holes due to centrifugal force, and the clothes are dried.
Q17: How does oiling the moving parts of a machine lower friction?
Ans: By making the sliding surfaces as smooth as possible we can reduce the
friction and for this, we apply any lubricant such as oil in the moving parts of
machine. It will smooth the surfaces which are sliding.

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Q18: How can you relate a force in changing the momentum of a body?
Ans: When a force acts on a body, it produces acceleration in the body and will be
equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body. We can write it as:-
Pf-Pi = F
T
Q18: define Dynamics?
Ans: the branch of mechanics which deal with the study of motion and the cause
of its motion is called dynamics.
Q19: Prove that 1kgm/s=Ns.
Ans: L.H.S
1kgm/s multiply or divide by s
Than 1kgm/s*s/s therefore its becomes
1kgm/s2*s❑
⇒ Ns

So
L.H.S=R.H.S
Q20: On which factor momentum depends?
Ans: mass of the body
Velocity of the body
Q21: write two disadvatages of friction?
Ans: friction cause wear and tear of parts of moving machine.
Most of the energy lost due to the fiction.
Q22: What is centrifuging?
Ans: it is the most useful labortray instrument which is use to separate out heavy
particles. Its work on the centripetal force principle.
Q23: Can a body move with uniform velocity in a circle? If not why.

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Ans: when a body is moving in circle its speed may be uniform but its direction
always keeps on changing therefore its velocity should not be constant.
Q24: Moon revolve around the earth where it gets necessary centripetal force?
Ans: The gravitational force between the earth and moon gives necessary
centripetal force.
Q25: define gravitational acceleration?
Ans: In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused
by the force of gravitation.

Chapter No 4
Q1: Define the following:-
Ans:
(a)Resultant Vector: The addition of two or more than two vectors is called
Resultant Vector.
(b)Torque: The turning effect of a force is called Torque.
(c)Centre of mass: A point where an applied force causes the system to move
without rotation.
(d)Centre of gravity: A point where the whole weight of the body appears to act
vertically downward.

Q2: Differentiate the following:-

Ans:(a)
Like Forces Unlike Forces
Same forces and directions are called Which are not same forces and
Like forces. opposite direction.
(b)
Torque Couple
The turning effect of a force is called A couple is formed by two unlike
Torque. parallel forces of the same magnitude

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but not along the same line.

We need only one force to produce a To produce a couple we need two
torque. unlike parallel forces.
(c)
Stable Equilibrium Neutral Equilibrium
If a body is left after lifting it, and it If a body is stable in its first state, it is
comes back in its first state, it is called called Neutral Equilibrium.
Stable Equilibrium.
Example: A book placed on the table Example: Rolling ball and Egg

Q3: How head to tail rule helps to find the resultant of forces?
Ans: The forces cannot be added in a ordinary mathematical method. The method
of their addition is head to tail rule. Therefore to find the resultant of vector the
method of head to tail is used.
Q4: How can a force are resolved into its rectangular components?
Ans: Draw a perpendicular from the head of this resultant force to the x-axis and
by joining make the y-component of the resultant force as below:-
Fy = Fsinθ , Fx = Fcosθ

Q5: When a body is said to be in equilibrium?

Ans: If a body satisfied both the condition means sum of all the acting forces and
sum of all the acting torques becomes equal to zero then this is in equilibrium.
Q6: Explain the First condition of equilibrium?
Ans: If sum of all the forces becomes equal to zero then this is called first
condition of equilibrium.

Q7: Explain the Second condition of equilibrium?

Ans: If sum of all the torques becomes equal to zero then this is called second
condition of equilibrium

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Q8: Give an example of a Moving body which is in equilibrium.

Ans: A paratrooper coming down with constant velocity. This moving body is in
equilibrium.

Q9: Give an example of a body which is at Rest but not in equilibrium.

Ans: There is not a single body in the universe which is at rest but not in
equilibrium.

Q10: Why a body cannot be in equilibrium due to single force acting on it?
Ans: According to conditions of equilibrium the sum of more than one forces and
the sum of torques should be equal to zero. By acting a single force on a body can
never be in equilibrium.
Q11: Why the height of vehicles is kept as low as possible?
Ans: Because to make them stable. In this condition their center of gravity comes
closer to earth.
Q12: Explain what is meant by stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium Give
one example in each.
Ans: Unstable Equilibrium:- If a body does not return to its previous position
when sets free after a slightest tilt is called Unstable Equilibrium.
Example: Take a pencil and try to keep it in the vertical position on its tip.
Q13: Define resolution of forces?
Ans: the splitting of a single vector in to its mutually perpendicular components is
known as resolution of forces.
Q14: define moment arm?
Ans: the perpendicular distance from the line of action force and the axis of
rotation is knowns moment arm.

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Q15: on which factor rotation of a body depends?

Ans: 1. Moment arm
2. magnitude of the force
Q16: In what case resultant forces zero? But resultant torque not zero?
Ans: when the two equal and opposite force acting on the same object then the
resultant of force is zero but torque should not be zero.
E.g Car Starring

Chapter No 5
Q1: What is meant by the Force of gravitation?
Ans: The force due to which every body of the universe attracts every other body
is called force of gravitation.

Q2: Do you attract the Earth or the Earth attracts you? Which one is attracting
with a larger force? You or the Earth?
Ans: Yes we attracts the Earth or Earth attracts us. Our body is very small, as
compared to Earth, so we attract the Earth with a very small and insignificant
force. Earth become of its larger mass attracts us with a larger and significant
force.

Q3: What is a Field force?

Ans: The region around a body within which it feels the gravitational force of the
other body is called Field force.

Q4: Why earlier scientists could not guess about the Gravitational force?
Ans: The first man who came up with the idea of gravity was Isaac Newton in
1665. Before this, people were not familiar even with the word gravity. That’s
why they could not guess about the gravitational force.

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Q5: How can you say that Gravitational force is a field force?
Ans: Gravitational force is a non-contact force. For example, the velocity of a
body, thrown up goes on decreasing while on return its velocity goes on
increasing.

Q6: Explain what is meant by Gravitational field strength?

Ans: In the gravitational field of the earth, the gravitational force per unit mass is
called the gravitational field strength of the earth. Near the surface of the earth,
the gravitational field strength is 10 Nkg

Q7: Why law of Gravitation is important to us?

Ans: Life cannot imagine without the law of gravitation. This is the force of
gravitation which is responsible for the survival of every object in the universe.
We can determine the mass of Earth, density of Earth and orbital speed of
satellite only become of this law.

Q8: Explain the Law of gravitation?

Ans: Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force which is
directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to
the square of the distance between their centers.

Q9: How the mass of earth can be determined?

Ans: Mass of earth can be determine by Me = Rg/G formula and its value is 6 10
kg
Q10: Can you determine the mass of our moon? If yes, then what you need to
know?

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Ans: Yes we can find out the mass of moon by using the law of gravitation.
Formula: g = GM.
Q11: Why does the value of g vary from place to place?
Ans: The value of g depends on the radius of the Earth. By increasing height the
value of g will decrease. This is the reason that the value of g is greater at sea
level than at the hills.

Q12: Explain how the value of g varies with altitude?

Ans: As we know that: g=GMe/(R+h). This shows that the value of g at different
heights will be different.

Q13: What are Artificial Satellites?

Ans: Scientists have sent many objects into space .Some of these objects revolve
around the earth. These are called artificial satellites.

Q14: How newton law of gravitation helps in understanding the motion of

satellites?
Ans: The gravitational force of attraction between the satellite and the Earth
provides the necessary centripetal force .This centripetal force is introduced by
the Newton. So in this way Newton's law of gravitation helps in understanding the
motion of satellites.

Q15: On what factors the orbital speed of a satellite depends?

Ans: Fc =mv /r . A satellite requires centripetal force that keeps it to move around
the Earth. Orbital speed of the satellite depends only on gravitational acceleration
of Earth and radius of the Earth.

Q16: Why communication satellites are stationed at geostationary orbits?

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Ans: Communication satellites are stationed at geostationary orbit so that they

may appear to be static and to use the only one direction of antennas.
Q17 what do you know about GPS?
Ans: Global positioning satellite (GPS) is used to locate the location of an object
anywhere on the land, on the sea or in the air. It consist of 24 earth satellite.
These satellite revolve around the earth twice a day with speed 3.87km/h.
Q18: if you go on the top of the mountain than your weight decrease or increase
justify?
Ans: if the distance from the center of earth increase then the the value g Is also
decrease by increasing altitude. Therefore your weight is decrease at the top of
the mountain.
Q19: what is meant by geo-stationery satellite?
Ans: geo stationery satellite are the satellite whose velocity relative to the earth is
zero. These satellite remain stationery above at the height of 42300km from the
surface of earth. These satellite are used for communication purposes.

Chapter No 6
Q1: Define Work. What is its SI unit?
Ans:
Work is said to be done when force acting on a body displaces it in the
direction of the force.
FORMULA: W = Force × distance
UNIT: Its SI unit is Joule J or Nm.

Q2: When does a force do work? Explain.

Ans: When a force acting on a body displaces it through some distance S in the
direction of force. Sometimes the force and displacement do not have the same
direction. Resolving F into its perpendicular components Fx and Fy as:-
Fx=Fcosθ Fy=Fsinθ

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Q3: Why do we need energy?

Ans: Energy is used by us to perform many activities of life. Energy is necessary
for running and walking for humans.

Q4: Define Energy, give two types of mechanical energy?

Ans: A body possesses energy if it is capable to do work. Mechanical energy has
two types:-
1) Kinetic energy 2) Potential energy

Q5: Define Kinetic Energy and derive its relation?

Ans: The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called Kinetic Energy.
K.E = 1/2 m × v2

Q6: Define Potential Energy and Derive its relation?

Ans: The ability of a body to do work due to its position is known as its Potential
Energy.
P.E=Wh
P.E = mgh

Q7: Why fossils fuels are called non-renewable form of energy?

Ans: The fossil fuels take millions of years for their formation and they are used
only ones a time. So these are known as non-renewable resources.

Q8: Which form of energy is most preferred and why?

Ans: Solar energy is most preferred energy because Sunlight does not pollute the
environment in any way.

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Q9: How is energy converted from one form to another? Explain.

Ans: Energy cannot be destroyed however it can be converted from one form to
another form. But total energy of the system at any time remains constant.

Q10: Name the Five devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy?
Ans: A.C motor, D.C motor, Fan, Water pump, Electrical Drill. They all are devices
that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Q11: Name a device that Converts Mechanical energy into Electrical energy?
Ans: Generator, Turbine and Wind Mill are devices that convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy.

Q12: What is meant by the Efficiency of a system?

Ans: The ratio of required form of output and total input energy is known as
Efficiency. It has no unit.

Q13: How can you find the Efficiency of a system?

Ans: Efficiency = required form of output / Total input energy. By using this
formula we can find the efficiency of any system.

Q14: What is meant by the term Power?

Ans: The rate of doing work is known as Power. Its unit is Watt (W) P=W/t

Q15: Define watt?

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Ans: The power of a body is one watt if it does work at the rate of 1 joule per
second.
Q16: Define nuclear energy?
Ans: the energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to
generate electricity
Q17: write down two dis-advantage of fossil fuel?
Ans: 1. Thermal pollution
2. Air pollution
3. nuclear pollution.

Chapter No 7
Q1: How Kinetic molecular model of matter is helpful is differentiating various
states of matter?
Ans: The kinetic molecular model is used to explain the three states of matter:-
(a) Solids (b) Liquids (c) Gases

Q2: Does there exist a fourth state of matter? What is that?

Ans: Yes, there exists a fourth state of matter that is called Plasma. “At very high
temperature, the matter assumes the state of ions and electrons this is called
Plasma.”

Q3: What is meant by density? What are its SI units?

Ans: “Density of a substance is defined as the mass per unit volume.” d
=m/v
In SI unit of density is kilogramme per cubic metre (kg m¯³)

Q4: Can we use a hydrometer to measure the density of milk?

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Ans: Hydrometer is a device which is used to measure the density of fluid.

Q5: Define the term Pressure?

Ans: “The force acting normally on unit area at the surface of a body is called
Pressure.” P=F/A
SI unit of pressure is newton per square metre (Nm¯²)

Q6: Show that atmosphere exerts pressure?

Ans: A balloon expands as it is filled with air. Air exerts a pressure inside the
balloon which expands till it is equal to the atmospheric pressure.

Q7: It is easy to fill air in a balloon but it is very difficult to remove air from a
glass bottle. Why?
Ans: It is very difficult to remove air from a glass bottle because air pressure in the
bottle is less than atmospheric pressure.
Q8: What is barometer?
Ans: The instrument that measures atmospheric pressure is called Barometer.
Q9: Why water is not suitable to be used in a barometer?
Ans: As we know that mercury is 13.6 times denser than water, Atmospheric
pressure can hold vertical column of water about 13.6 times greater than the
height of mercury column at that place. Therefore, water is not suitable to be
used in barometer.
Q10: What makes sucker pressed on a smooth wall sticks to it?
Ans: A wall sucker sticks to wall because of the difference in pressure between
wall and rubber sucker which causes adhesion.
Q11: Why does the atmospheric pressure vary with height?

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Ans: As we know Earth’s atmosphere extends upward about a few hundred

kilometers with continuously decreasing density and the pressure is directly
proportional to the density, therefore as we going up, the atmospheric air
becomes thinner and thinner. So, density also reduces.
Q12: What does it mean when the atmospheric pressure at a place fall
suddenly?
Ans: A sudden fall in atmospheric pressure often followed by a storm, rain and
typhoon to occur in few hours time.

Q13: What changes are expected in weather if the barometer reading shows a
sudden increase?
Ans: If the barometer reading shows a sudden increase, it means that indicate
poor weather ahead.

Q14: State Pascal’s Law?

Ans: “Pressure applied at any point of a liquid enclosed in a container, is
transmitted without loss to all other parts of liquid.”

Q15: Explain the Working of hydraulic press?

Ans: In the hydraulic press the object which has to be compressed place over the
piston of large cross-sectional area A, the force F₁ is applied on piston of small
cross-sectional area (a).

Q16: What is meant by elasticity?

Ans: Elasticity is the property of matter by virtue of which matter resists any force
which tries to change its length, shape or volume.

Q17: State Archimedes principle?

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Ans: “When an object is wholly or partially immersed in a liquid, it loses its weight
equal to the weight of the liquid displaced”. This is known as Archimedes
principle.

Q18: What is upthrust? Explain the principle of floatation?

Ans: “Upthrust is an upward force which acts on an object kept inside a liquid.”
Principle of floatation: “A floating objects displaces a fluid having weight equal to
the weight of the object.”
Principle of floatation can be explained by the process of sinking and
floating of any object.

Q19: Explain how a submarine moves up the water surface and down into
water?
Ans: A submarine can travel over as well as under water. It works on the principle
of floatation. When the tanks of submarine are filled, the weight of the submarine
increases. As soon as its weight becomes greater than the upthrust, it dives into
water and remains underwater.

Q20: Why does a piece of stone sink in water but a ship with a huge weight
floats?
Ans: Ships float on water because the weight of an equal volume of water is
greater than the weight of ships. While Stone sinks in water because the weight
of an equal volume of water is smaller than the weight of stone.

Q21: What is Hooke’s Law? What is meant by elastic limit?

Ans:

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Hooke’s Law Elastic Limit

“The strain produced in a body by the “A limit within which a body recovers
stress applied to it is directly its original length, volume or shape
proportional to the stress within the after the deforming force is removed.”
elastic limit of the body.”

Q22: Take a rubber band. Construct a balance of your own using a rubber band.
Check its accuracy by weighing various objects?
Ans: I took a rubber band. And constructed a balance of mine using a rubber
band. Then i measured the weight of various objects to check its accuracy. First of
all I took a lead pencil and measured its weight, then i put a small eraser on it and
measured its weight. But this mass was so heavy as compared to the elastic limit
of the rubber band. Rubber band was broken and weight of the stone could not
be measured.
Q23: define principle of floatation?
Ans: A floating object displaces a fluid having weight equal to the weight of the
object.
Q24: discuss deforming force?
Ans: the applied force that change shape size or volume of the object is known as
deforming force.
Q25: write any two application of Pascal’s law?
Ans: raw cotton and clothes are pressed to easy transportation.
For the service of heavy vehicles they are lifted by hydraulic press.

Chapter No 8
Q1: Why does heat flow from hot body to cold body?
Ans: Heat flows from hot body to cold body to attain the condition of thermal
equilibrium.

Q2: Define the terms heat and temperature?

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Ans:
Heat Temperature
Heat is the energy that is transferred Temperature of a body is the degree of
from one body to another in thermal hotness or coldness of the body.
contact with each other.

Q3: What is meant by Internal energy of a body?

Ans: The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the atoms,
molecules and particles of a body is called its Internal energy.

Q4: How does heating affect the motion of molecules of a gas?

Ans: By heating the gas, its molecules get high kinetic energy and start to collide
more randomly. And motion of gas molecules is increased by heating. So,
pressure of gas molecules increase by heating.

Q5: What is a thermometer? Why mercury is preferred as a thermometric

substance?
Ans: That device which is used to measure the temperature of a body.
Mercury is preferred as a thermometric substance due to following
properties:
(a) It is easily visible.
(b) It has uniform thermal expansion
(c) It has low freezing point and boiling
point.
(d) It has a small specific heat capacity.

Q6: Explain the Volumetric thermal expansion?

Ans: The volume of a solid changes with the change in temperature and is called
Volume thermal expansion or Cubical thermal expansion.

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Factors on which volume expansion depends:

(a) Original Volume (b) Change in temperature

Q7: Define Specific heat? How would you find the specific heat of a solid?
Ans: The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1 kg mass of that substance through 1 K.
Specific heat of any substance can be found out by using following formula:
c = ∆Q
m∆ T
Q8: Define and explain Latent heat of fusion?
Ans: Heat energy required to change unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid
state at its melting point without change in its temperature is called its Latent
heat of fusion. It is denoted by H
Q9: Define Latent heat of vaporization?
Ans: The quantity of heat that changes unit mass of a liquid completely into gas at
its boiling point without any change in its temperature is called its Latent heat of
vaporization.
Q10: What is meant by Evaporation? On what factors the evaporation of a
liquid depends? Explain how cooling is produced by evaporation?
Ans: The changing of a liquid into vapours is called Evaporation.

Factors which affect on evaporation:-

The rate evaporation is affected by the following factors:
(a)Temperature (b) Surface area (c) Wind (d)
Nature of the liquid

Evaporation causes cooling:-

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As evaporation takes place, fast moving molecules escape out from the surface of
the liquid. Molecules that have lower kinetic energies are left behind.
Q11: write down some consequence of thermal expansion?
Ans: The expansion of solid may be damage bridges or railway tracks and road as
they are constantly subjected to the temperature because railway tracks buckle
on a hot summer day if the gap are not left in the section.

Chapter No 9
Q1: Why metals are good conductors of heat?
Ans: Because metal contains free electrons which can move from one place to
another by getting energy

Q2: Explain why:-

(a) A metal feels colder to touch than wood kept in a cold place?
Ans: A metal feels colder to touch than wood because it is a good conductor due
to free electrons.
(b) Land breeze blows from land towards sea?
Ans: At night, the land cools faster than the sea. Therefore, air above the sea is
warmer, rises up and colder air from the land begins to move towards the sea.
(c) Double walled glass vessel is used in thermos flask?
Ans: Because double walled glass vessel has air between two glass walls that
provide insulation.
(d) Deserts soon get hot during the day and soon get cold after sunset?
Ans: Because sand in the deserts has very low value of specific heat.

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Q3: Why conduction of heat does not take place in gases?

Ans: In gases, molecules do not vibrate at their places, due to weak
intermolecular forces, the molecules actually move from their places. That’s why
the conduction of heat does not take place in gases.

Q4: What measures do you suggest to conserve energy in houses?

Ans: Energy in houses can be conserved by using energy savers instead of bulbs.

Q5: Why transfer of heat in fluids takes place by convection?

Ans: Due to weak intermolecular forces the fluids molecules can move from their
actual positions and are responsible for the transfer of heat by convection
process.

Q6: What is meant by convection current?

Ans: The path flow or current which is used for the transfer of heat by actual
movement of molecules for hot place to a cold place is known as convection
current.

Q7: Suggest a simple activity to show convection of heat in gases not given in
the book?
Ans: An example of convection in daily life is when we use a fire place to heat our
homes.

Q8: How does heat reach us from the sun?

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Ans: Heat reaches us from the sun through radiation process.

Q9: How various surfaces can be compared by a Leslie cube?

Ans: A Leslie cube is a metal box having faces of different nature:
(a) A shining silvered surface.
(b) A dull black surface.
(c) A white surface.

Q10: What is green house effect?

Ans: Green house is a house formed by the glass and transparent polythene
sheets. It is used for the better growth of some plants.

Q11: Explain the impact of green house effect in global warming?

Ans: During the recent years, the percentage of carbon dioxide has been
increased considerably. This has caused an increase in the average temperature
of the earth by trapping more heat due to greenhouse effect. This phenomenon is
known as global warming.
Q12: How many method of heat transmission is used?
Ans: There are three method of heat transmission is used.
1. Conduction(solid)
2. Covection(Liquid&gas)
3. Radiation
Q13: what did you mean by convection current in air?
Ans: gases also expand on hating thus convection current are easily set up due to
the differences in the densities of the air at various parts in the atmosphere. Its
use in central heating system of the buildings.

Prepared by : Eng Muhammad Fahad Tariq ( BSc-Chemical Engg)