CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2018

Turning Effect of Forces

1. In the figure (an inclined plane at the book) why does the body comes
down towards the ground although he is not exerting any force?
In the given figure, body comes down without any external force due to
the force of attraction exerted on the body by the earth.
2. What is the angle at which both x-component and y-component of a
force are equal?
When θ = 45°, then the both x-component and y-component become
equal.
We know that
Fx = Fcosθ = Fcos45° = F(0.707) ………………………….(a)
Fy = Fsinθ = Fsin45° = F(0.707) ….……………………….(b)
From equation (a) & (b), it’s clear that both components give the same
value when θ = 45°.
3. Why does a helicopter has a second rotor on its tail?
When a helicopter’s main blade rotates, it basically does an action at the
main body of helicopter in the shape of torque. As a reaction, main body
tries to spin in the direction opposite to the rotation of main blade.
(Newton’s Third Law). To prevent this kind of spinning of the main body,
a second rotor is provided on its tail.
4. Describe the process to find the center of gravity of a irregular shaped
body?
Center of gravity of an irregular shaped body can be found out by using
Plumb Line. To do so, just hang the plumb line from each vertex of a
given body and trace the plumb line’s string paths. After working on all
vertices, remove the plumb line and see the traced path, you would see
a point where all those paths are intersecting each other. This point is
called the center of gravity of that body.
5. Give an example of a case when resultant force on a body is zero but
resultant torque is not zero.
Couple is a special case of torque where resultant force is zero but 1
torque (turning effect) is not zero. As an example, when a driver applies
forces on a steering using his both hands, then he/she is actually
applying two forces that are opposite in direction, equal magnitude and
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 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2018

have different line of action and we know that that sum of two forces
are opposite in direction and of equal magnitude is always zero, (180°),
yet the steering rotates which means torque was never zero.
6. Explain in the following figure which of the following represents
neutral equilibrium and why?

(C) represents neutral equilibrium because when it is disturbed, its

position of center of gravity never changes, i.e. it never raises nor
lowered.
7. If only first condition of equilibrium of satisfied, then explain why does
it not ensure complete equilibrium of a body?
When the first condition of equilibrium is satisfied then the net force
acting on the body is zero but it does not mean that the net torque is
zero. A body is in complete equilibrium when both the net force and net
torque acting on a body are zero. In other words, both conditions of
equilibrium must be satisfied to be in complete equilibrium
8. In the figure (given at the book), can 100kg and 5kg balance each
other? If yes, then explain how?
Off course, 100kg and 5kg can balance each other if we could equalize
their moments about the same pivot. By reducing the moment arm of
100kg mass and increasing the moment arm of 5kg mass about the same
pivot, we can equalize the moments of the both objects. In this way, 5kg
object balance 100kg one.
9. Why the height of a racing car does is kept small?
Height of the racing car is kept small to increase its stability. And body is
in more stabilized form when its center of gravity is nearer to earth,
therefore, to keep the center of gravity of a racing car low and close to 2
the ground, height of a racing car is kept small. In figure given below, we

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 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2018

can see car having lower center of gravity is more stable and will not
topple over (fall sideway).

10.Why torque is zero when force is applied at a point that passes through
a pivot point?
When a force is applied that passes through the pivot point then the
torque is zero because moment arm (perpendicular distance from the
line of action to the pivot point) is zero. We know that ῖ , if r = 0,
then clearly, ῖ = 0.
11.How is it possible to balance a body at a single point? Explain in term
of center of gravity.
We can balance a body at a single point by applying a force at a point
called center of gravity where the net weight of that object acts. As we
know weight acts downward, therefore, if we apply an upward force at
this point which is equal in magnitude to weight but opposite in
direction, then in such a way, we can balance a body at a single point.
We can see in the figure where we’ve balanced the hammer at its center
of gravity.
12.Two forces are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and having
same line of action are acting on a body. Will they produce a couple?
Explain.
Two forces of equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and have same
line of action can never produce a couple because for couple to be
produced, two forces must always act through some distance, i.e. they
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need to have different lines of action.

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