Unit 2: kinematics

2.2 Answer the following questions.

i. Distinguish between rest and motion.

Ans: Rest: A body is said to be at rest if it does not change its position with respect to its surroundings
e.g. an object lying on the table is said to be at rest with respect to the table.

Motion: A body is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to its surroundings e.g. a car
moving on a road is said to be in motion with respect to poles and trees on the road side.

ii. What is the difference between distance and displacement?

Ans: Distance: The length of actual path followed between two points is called distance between them.

Distance is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is metre.

Displacement: Displacement is the shortest distance from initial to final point which has magnitude and
direction.

Displacement is a vector quantity and its SI unit is metre.

iii. Define average velocity and uniform velocity.

Ans: Average velocity: The rate of total displacement covered by a moving object and total time taken is
called average velocity.

Uniform velocity: A body has uniform velocity if it covers equal displacement in equal intervals of time,
however small these intervals may be.

Iv. Differentiate between speed and velocity.

Ans: speed: The distance covered by a body in unit time is called speed.

Speed= Distance covered/Time taken

V= S/t

Speed is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is metre per second (ms -1).

Velocity: The rate of change of displacement of a body is known as its velocity.

Velocity= Displacement/ Time

V= d/t

Velocity is a vector quantity. Its SI unit is metre per second (ms 1).

v. If distance time graph is an inclined straight line then what information you get from it.

Ans: If distance time graph is an inclined straight line then object moving with constant speed.

vi. What would be the shape of a speed-time graph of a body moving with variable speed?
Ans: when object moving with variable speed then speed-time graph is not a straight line.

vii. Derive the three equations of motion.

Ans: Consider a body moving with initial velocity v i in a straight line with uniform acceleration a. Its
velocity becomes vf after time t. The motion of body is described by speed-time graph.

FIRST EQUATION OF MOTION

Speed-time graph for the motion of a body is shown in the given figure.

Slope of line AB gives the acceleration a of a body.

Slope of line AB = a =

Second Equation of Motion:

speed-time graph for the motion of a body is shown in the given figure
The total distance S travelled by the body is equal to the total

area OABD under the curve i.e.

Total distance= S= (area of rectangle OACD) + (area of triangle ABC)

Third Equation of Motion:

Speed-time graph for the motion of a body is shown in the given figure

viii. what is retardation?

Ans: Retardation: Negative acceleration of a body is know as retardation. It is also known as
deceleration.

ix. Define scalar and vectors. Give two examples of each?

Ans: scalar: scalars are those physical quantities which are completely known by their magnitude only.
Example of scalars are mass, length etc.

Vector: vectors are those physical quantities which are completely known by their magnitude as well as
direction. Example of vectors are displacement, force etc.

x. How can vector quantities be represented graphically.

Ans: A vector quantity is represented graphically by a straight line drawn on a suitable scale. The length
of the line according to chosen scale will give us its magnitude and the direction is given by an arrow at
the end of the line in the required direction.