em at ics :

Kin a
o n A lo n g
Mot i e
a ig h t Lin
St r nshel p. caldoza
d by: fra
presente
 Table of contents

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Definition of Kinematics
In a concise definition, kinematics can be described as
the branch of physics that deals with the mathematics
and geometry of motion. It is primarily concerned with
analyzing the properties of motion, such as distance,
displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration,
without considering the forces responsible for that
motion.
It helps us answer questions like:
1. How far did the car go?
2. In which direction did it go?
3. Was it moving fast or slow?
4. Was it going in a specific direction at
a certain speed?
5. Did it speed up or slow down?
UNDERSTANDING SCALAR
AND VECTOR QUANTITIES:
 Scalar Quantities
Scalars are physical quantities that are completely
described by their magnitude or size alone. They have no
associated direction.

Distance:
Distance is the total path traveled by an object. It is
always positive and is usually measured in units like meters
(m) or kilometers (km).
Speed:
Speed is the magnitude of an object's velocity and
indicates how fast it is moving. Speed is a scalar because
it does not have a specific direction.
 Vector Quantities:
Vectors are physical quantities that have both
magnitude and direction. They require both a numerical
value and a specified direction to fully describe them. In
the context of motion,

Displacement:
Displacement is the change in an object's position from its initial point to
its final point. It is a vector because it is characterized by both
magnitude (how far an object has moved) and direction (the straight-line
path between the initial and final points).
Velocity:
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement per unit of time. Unlike
speed, velocity not only tells us how fast an object is moving (magnitude)
but also in which direction.
DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT:
 WHAT IS
DISTANCE?
Distance is a scalar quantity that
quantifies the total path traveled by an
object. It is a measure of how much ground
an object has covered during its motion,
and it is always positive (or zero) since it
represents a scalar magnitude.
To calculate distance, you sum up all the FOR EXAMPLE:
individual distances traveled along the if you run 200 meters west and then 150
path. meters north, the total distance covered
would be the sum of these two distances

200 m + 150 m = 350 meters.

You can use familiar units such as meters
(m), kilometers (km), miles (mi), etc.,
depending on the context.
 Understanding
Displacement, its Direction,
and How to Calculate it:
DISPLACEMENT
Displacement is a vector quantity that
characterizes the change in an object's
position. Unlike distance, displacement takes
into account both magnitude (how far an
object has moved) and direction.
DISPLACEMENT

For example, if you start at point A, move 200

meters west, and then 150 meters north to point B,

your displacement would be the vector from A to

B, which is 250 meters in magnitude and points in
a northwest direction.
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES:
Morning Commute: Imagine you travel from home to school,
first walking 500 meters north to the bus stop, and then
taking a bus 5 kilometers east to the office. In this case:

The distance you've traveled is the sum of the two

segments:
500 meters (walk) + 5 kilometers (bus ride) = 5.5 kilometers.

The displacement is the vector from your starting point

(home) to your ending point (school),
the vector from your starting point (home) to your ending
point (office), which is 5 kilometers east.
TIME AND VELOCITY
TIME
Time is a fundamental parameter in
kinematics as it allows us to track and
understand the motion of objects.
It provides a chronological dimension,
allowing us to analyze how position,
velocity, and acceleration change over
time.
Time intervals help us measure the
duration of motion and calculate
various kinematic properties.
VELOCITY
Velocity is a key concept in kinematics.
It's defined as the rate of change of an
object's position with respect to time.
Mathematically, velocity (v) is
represented as v = Δx/Δt, where Δx is
the change in position and Δt is the
change in time.
Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning
it has both magnitude and direction,
which is crucial for understanding
motion in a straight line.
Average Velocity
Average velocity (v_avg) is a measure
of an object's average rate of
displacement over a specific time
interval.

Mathematically, average velocity is

calculated as v_avg = Δx / Δt, where Δx
represents the change in position and
Δt represents the change in time during
the given interval.
Instantaneous Velocity
Instantaneous velocity
(v_instantaneous) is the velocity of an
object at a specific moment in time.
It represents the object's velocity at a
single point within its motion,
effectively capturing its exact speed
and direction at that instant.
ACCELERATION
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is a Acceleration can be in
fundamental concept the form of speeding
in kinematics that up (positive
represents the rate of acceleration) or
change of an object's slowing down
velocity with respect (negative
to time. acceleration).
 at io ns
Equ
f M o tio n
o
the THREE Fundamental
Equations of Motion:
WHERE,
S = DISPLACEMENT
U = INITIAL VELOCITY
V = FINAL VELOCITY
A = ACCELERATION
T = TIME OF MOTION.

V = U + AT
THESE EQUATIONS ARE
REFERRED TO AS SUVAT
First Equation of Motion
DESCRIBES THE POSITION OF AN OBJECT AS A
FUNCTION OF TIME.
VARIABLES: S (POSITION), U (INITIAL VELOCITY), A
(ACCELERATION), AND T (TIME).
EXPLAINS HOW AN OBJECT'S POSITION CHANGES
OVER TIME WHEN SUBJECTED TO CONSTANT
ACCELERATION.
Second Equation of Motion
THE SECOND EQUATION OF MOTION, OFTEN
REFERRED TO AS THE EQUATION FOR FINAL
VELOCITY WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION,
RELATES AN OBJECT'S FINAL VELOCITY (V) TO ITS
INITIAL VELOCITY (U), THE ACCELERATION (A) IT
EXPERIENCES, AND THE TIME (T) DURING WHICH
THIS ACCELERATION TAKES PLACE.
Second Equation of Motion
THE SECOND EQUATION OF MOTION, OFTEN
REFERRED TO AS THE EQUATION FOR FINAL
VELOCITY WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION,
RELATES AN OBJECT'S FINAL VELOCITY (V) TO ITS
INITIAL VELOCITY (U), THE ACCELERATION (A) IT
EXPERIENCES, AND THE TIME (T) DURING WHICH
THIS ACCELERATION TAKES PLACE.
Third Equation of Motion

CONNECTS AN OBJECT'S INITIAL VELOCITY (U),

FINAL VELOCITY (V), ACCELERATION (A), AND
DISPLACEMENT (S) WHEN SUBJECTED TO
CONSTANT ACCELERATION.
USEFUL FOR CALCULATING THE DISPLACEMENT
OF AN OBJECT UNDER CONSTANT ACCELERATION.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
A car starts from rest and accelerates at a rate of
2 m/s² for 6 seconds. What is its final velocity, and
how far did it travel during this time?
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solution using the Equations of Motion
Where:
v is the final velocity.
u is the initial velocity.
a is the acceleration.
t is the time.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solution using the Equations of Motion

Where:
s is the distance or
displacement.
u is the initial velocity.
a is the acceleration.
t is the time.