2 CH11U06P01 — Rev. Jul, 2018 WCLN.ca: Ever wonder why Gatorade or other drink crystals don’t always dissolve fully? How do different conditions affect. the rate of compounds going into solution? How is the - concentration of a substance related to its solubility? ~ Name: Diego Meenick Date: Aoal- may AA Image in public domain. Have you ever become frustrated when trying to dissolve drink crystals such as Gatorade Powder, ice tea crystals, chocolate milk or hot chocolate powders, or similar? What can you do to make it dissolve better? Do some thing dissolve better than others? Does the liquid you are dissolving in make a difference? These all revolve around the topic of solubility and solutions. The characteristics of different solvents and solutes strongly impacts the ability for things to dissolve. In this project you will further explore the concept of ‘concentration’ and how different substances can dissolve better than others. Though a simulation and some calculations we will see how ion ic i rations etc. ;ntrations are related to solution concent enn Page 1of 5 Scanned with CamScannerJe CH11U06P01 — Rev. Jul. 2018 WCLN.ca Instructions ‘The goal for this project Is to use a PHET simulation to lear more about solutions. Specifically how changing various factors will affect the concentration (Molarity) of the solution, You will also explore the concepts of saturation, ion concentration and dilution further. Begin by defining a series of solubility related terms and leaming about two Important concentration formulas. Explore the PHET simulation where you can try out different substances and leam about different factors affecting solubility. Finally, engage in a series of exploration questions and calculate saturated solution concentrations, ion concentrations, and how dilutions work, This Project willbe graded according to the marking rubric. Definitions: Start by looking up definitions for the following words: 1, Solution: . A pride OF A or mele SUbMeKES in Fela Omens That con he varied. 2, Solute: The aisholed bblewe iA er Galv tion 3, Solvent: The Subtlere that caves the Sofle lo LbGlve in a Solution 4, Molarity: The number of moles Goivte AiO iq Ore Live of Solution 5. Dilution: The pro@ss Ff adding oddsyral Sol to a Sutin 9 adding oddAUr=\ Selurek te a SelUtion tO decir ig concentieation . Formulas: There are two important formulas for solutions. The first is how you calculate molarity. ‘The second is the dilution formula, Complete them below. Note: M= molarity, V = Volume. NH seas & Gauie Molarity Laws Of sclulan Dilution: M1V1 = Maa, Page 20f 5 Scanned with CamScannerNica CH11U06P01 — Rev. Jul, 2018 WCLN.ca: Exploration: Ctrl-Click on the link to the right to open the PHET simulation. Solutions Try each of the following to get a feel for how the sim works then answer the questions below 2. Add different amounts of the solute “drink mix” to the beaker. There are two ways to add a solute. You can shake in solid from the shaker, which comes out in small grains, or you can add a concentrated solution using the dropper. You may switch between the “solid” shaker or “solution” dropper. 3. Measure the concentration by sliding the purple meter tool into the solution. 4, Observe what happens to the concentration when water is added or taken out of the tank. This is done by sliding the blue knob on the top or bottom faucet. 5. Explore the above options but change the type of solute, Exploration Questions: 1. What are the visual changes to the solution in the beaker when a solute is first added? x Vee Glutign che ys colby We fed: 2, What happens visually and to the concentration as more and more solute is added? Vhe colar oF the cettrtion becomes ang decker. 3. What happens visually and to the concentration when water is added to the beaker? Whe Colour oF Ane Seiytion Start ko fade back down and Yeeumes + Ni ghter coloul 4. What happens visually and to the concentration when liquid is drained from the beaker? The COlaur of athe solution (emaing the Same. 5. What happens visually and to the concentration when water is evaporated? The coloy \ : Clow of Ne gelation guebally bectrnes decler cad derker- Page 3 of S Scanned with CamScannerCH11U06PO01 — Rev. Jul, 2018 a WCLN.ce Saturated Concentrations. ‘As you continue to add drink called saturation. Determine the concentration at which saturation is reached for dink mix and then repeat that process for each solute and fill in the table below. ix, eventually you reach a point where no more will dissolve. This is Solute Concentration | Solute ‘Concentration. Drink Mix 5.50 m__||_|Potassium chromate 2-360 m Di cobalt (ll) nitrate 5+ B40 vy lickel (lI) chloride s1alom L Cobalt chloride 4330 m_| [lll Copper sulfate \3 Gor Potassium dichromate | 5, <\q m_| [ll Potassium permanganate | _.\| Som Molarity Calculations: Using the simulation and the formula for Molarity, complete the table below. Moles of Liters of Moles oF Molarity of Liters of Molarity of rence gees Solution (my | Compound | Sotuion (Ly _| Solution (My 0.53 0.79 0.67 oo [0.78 0.59 0.86 0.34 4.4 0.88 0.5 18 1.0 0.20 GD 3.5 8.4 0-49 0.67 0.67 \-8 ON 6.4 85 Jon Concentration: Just as an entire solution has a concentration, so does each individual ion. For instance, since there are three ions when a Calcium Chloride (CaCl) molecule dissolves into solution, a 3.0 M solution of CaCl » is 3.0 M with respect to Ca** ions and 6.0 M with respect to Cl" ions. An analogy for this would be taking 3 bikes apart. You would end up with3 frames and 6 wheels. Copy the saturated concentrations ‘ion of each ion in solution. Oo 3 Compound Saturated Concentration cyi4, Molarity | Anion Molarity Co(NOs)r S640 m WRF mw CoC. M399 bw 3 .66m K:Cr07 LOR py Loam K:Cr0, 62m 4-369, NiChe S13) yn \o-4 m CuSOs 1.35 r 1135 mw + KMnOs t QB m OS mn Page 4 of S Scanned with CamScannerx CH11U06P01 — Rev. Jul, 2018 WCLNco Dilution: ‘Adding water to a solution will dilute it which lowers the concentration. We're going to use the simulation to do some dilution activities and calculate new concentrations. 1. Complete the table below, usinglll Cobalt chloride in an empty beaker. Begin by changing the button at the top right to read solution. You should see a dropper like the one shown the right except it will read CoClz instead of drink mix. Click on the red button until you have 0.20L of solution. Copy the concentration reading into the first box of the table below. Next click the spout on the left to add 0.201 of water. This will give you a total of 0.40 L of solution. Copy the new concentration and then continue adding water 0,201 at a time and copying the concentration. -20L of dropper -20L dropper*.20L | 20L dropper+.40L 20L dropper* solution water water ‘60Lwater YO wat 3.91 nolL 1+236 md/ L L008 yngis Repeat the exercise, usinglll Potassium dichromate in an empty beaker. -20L of dropper 20L dropper+20L | 20L dropper+40L 20L dropper* solution water water -60Lwater 0-99 wolf e650 VE Lobe mol/L | OV8S ost AL 7, What do you notice about the concentration change as each addition of 251 of water is added to the concentrated spigot solution? Ths. colour i lighla on (8 les) concen Heded. The concentration is decreasing. 3. The formula [M,/, = MV] is a great way to calculate the concentration of a solution that undergoes dilution, [7,V,] refers to the concentration and volume of the original solution, and |Mf,V,| refers to that solution after it has been diluted. 0.20 L of [ll Nickel (I) chloridehas a concentration of 5.0 M. (Mi = 5.0M and Vi = 0.20 L) If the solution’s volume, V2 is increased with water to .50 L, calculate the new concentration, M2. Show your work below and then check your work in the sim AFTER your calculation. Your Calculated Ma: \. Q4S New concentration shown in the simulation: {, 04S Page Sof 5 Scanned with CamScanner