Chemistry: Equilibrium Up until now, we have looked at reactions that can achieve equilibrium. In Unit 3 (Solubility), you look at a special case of equilibrium where one of the products formed may form a solid. This process is an equilibrium process. Now, for some clarity, let’s look at an example. Let’s show a balanced chemical reaction of lead (II) nitrate with potassium iodide. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) fe 2K aq) > Pl, @t 2KNO3 (ag) You will notice a solid is one of the products. Even though the reaction is lead (II) nitrate with potassium iodide, we are shifling our “spotlight” to look only at the lead (II) iodide product. It is this product and the equilibrium it forms between its solid form and its dissociated ion form. Understanding the degree to which the solid will dissolve and dissociate compared to other products can help us predict outcomes in experiments or even help drive outcomes in specific directions (ex. choosing reactants whose products display very low solubility). During this activity, you will determine the solubility product constant (Kp) for Pbl2 by watching a video of an experiment. Begin by watching this video: Determination of a Solubility Product Constant 2022-06-14 Page 1 of 6 Scanned with CamScanner‘ a Chemistry: Equilibrium WCLN.ct Data and Observations: 1, Write the dissociation equation for lead (II) iodide. It appears in the video but you should ensure you put your charges and subscripts in the correct place. > pyr o Piola) S Pb” Coad ¥3LCo9) 2. Write the Key expression for Pbl. (ov *)(a)* 3, When determining if a precipitate will form you compare a Trial Ksy to the actual Key. Will you see ‘a precipitate when the Trial Ky is larger than or smaller than the actual Key? we'll See a gecigete when We dial Kye 15 grecder thon We exctues ke: 4, Fill in Table 1 by watching the video Table 1: Data needed to calculate the Trial Key at which a precipitate begins to form Test Tube T 2 3 4 3 6 Volume of 0.010M 100 8.0 60 40 3.0 2.0 Pb(NOs)2 Volume of 00 20 40 60 7.0 80 water(mL) added ‘Volume of 0.020M 100 80 60 40 30 20 KI (mL) Volume of water 00 20 40 60 7.0 0 (mL) added Precipitate or no precipitateatroom | \rS | Yes | CS | yes | 89 | wo temperature “Temperature at which precipitate dissolves oa uy 2 N/a | (c) 82 § [Me [N/a 2022-08-14 Page 2 of 6 Scanned with CamScannerac Chemistry: Equilibrium WCLN.ca ill need to calculate the Trial Kyp. In orde i il 1, For each test tube you will nec et ‘»- In order to do this you will need the diluted concentration ofthe Pb™ ion and the ion. The difuion formula is shove ber and the calculations for the first test tube are done for you, as an exam : ple. The old concentrations f compound are found in Table 1. Hint: the new volume will always be 20.0 nnn nos fo each Dilution formula Old Volume New[] = Old 1] xe w Volume Test Tube 1 - 10.0 mL of each solution 10.0 mL New [Pb?+] = 0.0 =0. jew [I ] 10M x20 OmE 0.0050M 10.0 mL New (I"] = 0.020 Mxs—o _ 9 o10m 20.0 mL Kp = (0.005 M)(0.010 M)? = 5.0x10-7 Test Tube 2 - 8.0 mL. of each solution New CRE) <0,q10M x Ach = 9/0010M : New GE O.N RM 8-Oml ~ 9 oo GOW 49.0e\ Kop = Coot My (poo 8M > a-6x10"7 2022-06-14 Page 3 of 6 Scanned with CamScannerChemistry: Equilibrium WeLNcc Test Tube 3 - 6.0 mL of each solution Wen C?b**) = oo} Soe = 90-0030 Wew (Lr). Kegp = (0.00311) (0.0064)* = Wx or” Test Tube 4- 4.0 mL of each solution Vewc ru?) New Cer) Kop =10.998M)( 0-00) = Saxo ® Test Tube 5 - 3.0 mL of each solution Yeu cpr) New c¥) Keg = Coro) Cowoao)® = Loxton6 2022-06-14 Page 40f6 Scanned with CamScannerxe WCLNca Chemistry: Equilibrium Test Tube 6 - 2.0 mL of each solut New Pb) New (1°) ¥ 49 = Co-0010M1C9.e0A0M) = 4.0x\0"4 Question. 1. According to the course formula sheet, what is the actual K.p of lead (II) iodide? . Kop = eile 8 2. Based on your calculations what is the minimum value for Ksp? 0x07" 3. Based on your calculations what is the maximum value for Ksp? a6 x\o7” 4. Does the actual Kep fall between your calculated min and max? yes Waals In bween WER"? ond GOR 07S 5. Between which two test tubes should the change from precipitate to no precipitate have occurred? Between test tube 3 cad 4, 6. Can you think of a reason for this discrepancy? QasCPb*VQ-> 40.63) (9.006)* When frial bsp ib plee¥ then ce tual weilves ACter lest tube 4 ale kag veddied Secrenses which mecns 42 Ruch glecipatate will Sofm. 2022-06-14 Page 5 of 6 Scanned with CamScannerChemistry: Equilibrium “ WCLN.cat 7. Fill in Table 2 below using your Ke calculations and the temperature numbers from the video or Table 1. The solubility is the same as the diluted [Pb**) you calculated. Test tube 1 Test tube 2 Test tube 3 Test tube 4 : ‘Temperature 69¢ sh c y’e asc a 2 -¢ Ksp Gxt? | Abate” | Nagi? | 3-axo Solubility 010050 9,99 10 010990 949020 8. What is the trend in solubility as the temperature is increased? The alu bitty iretereS co the fem preatue inerecses+ 2022-06-14 Page 6 of 6 Scanned with CamScanner