Q1) An aromatic compound A on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compounds B

which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a compound C of molecular formula C6H7N. Write the
structure and IUPAC names of compounds A,B,AND C.

ANS: The aromatic compound A is benzoic acid C6H5COOH.

On treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound B, which is

benzamide C6H5CONH2.

Benzamide on heating with bromine and KOH forms a compound C of

molecular formula C6H7N, which is aniline C6H5NH2. The reaction is called
Hoffmann bromamide degradation.

Account the following.

a)All the carbon atoms in glucose are linked in a straight chain.

b)What happens when D glucose is treated with Br2 water

Q2) Write IUPAC name of the following

a) CH3(CH2)2NH2

b)m -Br C6H4 NH2

c)C6H6NHCH3

ans:

a) 1-propanamine

b) 3-bromobenzenamine
c) N - Methyl aniline.
Q3) Write the terms

a)Nucleoside: A nucleoside is a compound formed by the union of a nitrogen base with a

pentose sugar. A nucleotide is a compound formed by the union of a nitrogen base, a
nitrogen sugar and phosphate
b)nucleotide: A nucleotide is an organic molecule with a basic composition of a nitrogenous
base, pentose sugar and phosphate.
Q4) ● Mention the units of rate constant for i] Zero order reaction ii) First order reaction and iii)
second order reaction . iv)Give the definition of all with it's examples
Q5) Arrange the following order

a) In decreasing order of basic strength in gas phase :: C2H5NH2, (C2H5)NH ,((C2H5)3N and NH3

ANS

b) In increasing order of Boiling point:: C2H5OH ,(CH3)2NH ,C2H5NH2

ANS

c) In increasing order of solubility in water:: C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH ,C2H5NH2

ANS

Q6) ● Mention the difference points of following ::

1) Order of reaction and molecularity

2) 2nd Order and pseudo Order reaction with proper examples

3) Reducing and non Reducing sugars

4) Primary, secondary and tertiary proteins (question may be diagram based for same

5) Hormones and enzymes Also mention atleast 2 examples of each

6) Nucleotides and nucleotides

7) DNA and RNA

8) peptide linkage and glycosidic linkage

9) cellulose,starch and glycogen

 Order of reaction and molecularity:

1) Order of reaction: It is the sum of the powers to which the concentrations of the reactants
are raised in the rate equation. It can be zero, first, second, etc.
2) Molecularity: It is the number of molecules (or ions) that participate as reactants in an
elementary reaction. It can be unimolecular, bimolecular, or termolecular.

 2nd Order and Pseudo Order Reaction with Examples:

1) 2nd Order Reaction: The rate of the reaction is proportional to the square of the
concentration of one reactant or the product of the concentrations of two reactants.
Example: 2�→�2A→B.
2) Pseudo Order Reaction: A reaction that appears to be of a certain order due to the
involvement of a catalyst or a reactant in excess, even if the overall reaction is of a different
order. Example: The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with iodide ion in the presence of an acid
(2�2�2+3�−→�3−+2�2�2H2O2+3I−→I3−+2H2O) is pseudo first order due to excess
iodide.
  Reducing and Non-reducing Sugars:
1) Reducing Sugars: Sugars that can reduce other substances and themselves undergo
oxidation. Examples: glucose, fructose.
2) Non-reducing Sugars: Sugars that do not have a free aldehyde or ketone group and cannot
reduce other substances. Example: sucrose.

 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Proteins:

1) Primary Protein Structure: The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
2) Secondary Protein Structure: The local folding of a polypeptide chain into structures like
alpha helices and beta sheets.
3) Tertiary Protein Structure: The overall three-dimensional structure of a single polypeptide
chain.

 Hormones and Enzymes:

1) Hormones: Chemical messengers that regulate various physiological functions in the body.
Examples: insulin, adrenaline.
2) Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. Examples:
amylase, catalase.

 Nucleotide and Nucleoside:

1) Nucleotide: Consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Examples: ATP (adenosine triphosphate), DNA nucleotides.
2) Nucleoside: Consists of a sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base without the phosphate
group. Examples: Adenosine, guanosine.

 DNA and RNA:

1) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Double-stranded molecule carrying genetic instructions. Uses
deoxyribose sugar. Found in the cell nucleus. Examples: A, T, C, G.
2) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): Single-stranded molecule involved in protein synthesis. Uses ribose
sugar. Found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Examples: A, U, C, G.

 Peptide Linkage and Glycosidic Linkage:

1) Peptide Linkage: Formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl
group of another, creating a peptide bond in proteins.
2) Glycosidic Linkage: Formed between the hydroxyl groups of two sugar molecules, linking
them together in carbohydrates.

 Cellulose, Starch, and Glycogen:

1) Cellulose: A polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants, providing structural support.
2) Starch: A polysaccharide in plants used for energy storage.
 3) Glycogen: A polysaccharide in animals used for energy storage, primarily in the liver and
muscles.

Q7) ● Convert the following/Complete the reactions/ write notes on following

1) Hinsberg's test

2) coupling reactions

The reaction of joining two aromatic rings through the −N=N−bond is known as coupling
reaction. Arenediazonium salts such as benzene diazonium salts react with phenol or
aromatic amines to form coloured azo compounds.

4) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a very useful method for the preparation of aliphatic
primary amines. It involves the treatment of phthalimide with ethanolic potassium
hydroxide to form potassium salt of phthalimide. This salt is further heated with alkyl
halide, followed by alkaline hydrolysis to yield the corresponding primary amine.
 5)

2) Nitration

5) Hoffman's bromination

When an amide is treated with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium

hydroxide, a primary amine with one carbon atom less than the original amide is produced.
This degradation reaction is known as Hoffmann bromamide reaction. This reaction involves
the migration of an alkyl or aryl group from the carbonyl carbon atom of the amide to the
nitrogen atom.

For example,

Q8) A reaction is of second order with respect to a reactants. How will the rate of reaction be
affected if the concentration of this a) doubled b) reduced to half
Q9) Express the rate of the following in terms of ammonia.

a) N2(g) +3H2(g)------->2NH3(g)

ANS

b) Identity the reaction order from the following rate constant. N2(g) +3H2(g)------->2NH3(g)

c) Identity the reaction order from the following rate constant.

i) k =2.3×10-5L mol-1s-1 ii)k= 3.0 ×10-4 s-1