AUC Legal Translation 2

Arabic & Translation Studies Division
LEGAL TRANSLATION 2
Student Handbook
This is a first draft of STLU202 “Legal Translation 2”

Student Handbook (Fall ’14)
All rights reserved. No part of this handbook may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information or retrieving system without permission in writing from the Arabic and Translation Studies Division, School of Continuing Education, The
American University in Cairo.
© 2007
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Forward
Changes in how professional translators practice their profession have been

recently frequent. They are not only derived by the growth of the young
discipline of translation, which is the success story of the 1980s, but also by
changes in the world around us such globalized societies and economies, the
spread of internet, and the need for intercultural communication, not to mention
the changes in the geography of translation with the move of the multi-million
industry towards the Middle East and the Arabic language. Translation in the
era of globalization requires interdisciplinary approach to translation that
stresses the need for a translator with background knowledge in various fields.
This necessitates training the learners in more than one field of specialization,
and hence a career certificate which focuses on the specializations of legal, UN
and economic translation on the one hand, and a career certificate which
includes journalistic, literary and audio-visual translation on the other hand.
Taking a quick path unto automation and digitalization, the translation

profession nowadays looks into practical techniques to help translators produce
more and waste less. The new course ‘Technology for Translators and
Interpreters’ in the Foundation Certificate in Translation and Interpreting with a
focus on CAT tools and translation software programs does not only train
learners on computer-assisted translation, but takes them directly into the on-
line translation environment. To satisfy a need for the translator as intercultural
communicator, also derived from globalization and the spread of new
technologies, new courses such as literary translation and audiovisual
translation were offered in a Career Certificate in Media and Literary
Translation.
The changes in the translation market have been given due focus in the
advanced courses such as Advanced Translation Problem-Solving Strategies
and Translation Portfolio and Project, which focus on topics such as translation
market and environment, project management in translation, code of ethics etc.
Learners in the Professional Diploma in Translation and the Professional
Diploma in Translation and Interpreting are nourished from day one on the
highest standards of professionalism of translation as an activity in the market
of service, of translation as a translator/client relationship and translation as a
mental process.
Furthermore, the translation diploma at ATS can be viewed as comprising three

stages. The first stage (The Foundation Certificate in Translation and
Interpreting) develops all basic translation skills required to produce an
acceptable translation including command of the language, familiarity with
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culture, computer skills and e-tools for translators, background knowledge, and
contrastive and transfer skills between the source and the target languages.
Finishing this stage, a trainee can produce a good translation of a general text
but not necessarily of a specialized text such as legal, UN and journalistic texts.
The second stage (The Career Certificate in Legal and UN Translation and The
Career Certificate in Literary and Audiovisual Translation) focus on the text-
specific features in translation so that a trainee can be able to produce a
translation in a specialized field. After the career certificate, the trainee can
produce a sound translation in a certain specialization, but he may not be aware
of many factors related to the environment of translation such as certain code of
ethics, rates, project management etc. The diploma is the level of
professionalism which makes the trainee ready to go to the market after being
enlightened on many issues related to translation theory and the translation
market.
Dr. Hussein Ali

Director, Arabic and Translation Studies Division
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The American University in Cairo
School of Continuing Education
Arabic and Translation Studies Division
CURRICULUM DESIGN FORM
Course Title: Legal Translation 2
Course Code: STLU202
Course Type (Regular/ Customized): Regular/Customized
Number of Continuing Education Units (CEUs): 3.0 1
Target Audience:
Learners in the Career Certificate in Legal and UN Translation. University learners of translation, as
well as practicing translators and interpreters.
Course Pre-requisites (if any):

1. STLU 201
Course Description:
This course builds upon skills acquired in STLU 201; training learners on translation of critical
documents such as laws, contracts certificates etc. and expanding the trainee’s repertoire of legal
vocabulary, terminology and expressions.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course, learners will be able to
1. explain principles governing legal language in Arabic and English;
2. contrast linguistic principles governing legal language in Arabic and English;
3. use formal legal language in legal translation;
4. translate legal documents accurately; and
5. revise translated legal documents.
Instructional Materials:
1. Akbari, Mahmoud & Vaezian, Helia (2010) Corpora in Translation. Multilingual Matters.
2. Al-Wahab, Ibrahim I. Law Dictionary. English-Arabic. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1988.
3. Faruqi, Harith (1993) Faruqi's Law Dictionary, English-Arabic and Arabic-English. Beirut:
Librairie du Libon,
4. Maliszewski, Julian. (2010). Discourse and Terminology in Specialist Translation and
Interpreting
5. New Webster's Law for Everyone. (1980). New York: Delair Publishing Company, Inc.,
6. Sonnenschein, Hugo. New Webster's Law for Everyone. New York: Delair Publishing
Company, Inc., 1980.
7. Translating Legal Documents into English. ATS Student Handbook. (Updated Every Term)
8. Handouts selected by the teacher.
1
Offered as customized; the number of CEUs depends on client's request.
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Syllabus / Training Outline:
Serial* Title/subtitle Assignment

1  Legal Language  Selected legal texts
2  General Features  Selected legal texts

 Layout
 Graphetics and graphology
 Formal and informal style
 The lexical level
3  Formal, informal and common core  From the Constitution

 The syntactic level
 Loopholes
 Quiz 1
4-6  Arabic/English  Correct deviations in the

 Correcting linguistic deviations from the given text
norms
 set for legal documents
 Quiz 2
7-8  Exercise moving across linguistic & cultural  Law No 43 0f 1974 on

 barriers: translating laws Investment.
 Quiz 3
9-10  Translating some Arabic documents: birth  Birth certificates,

certificates, marriage contracts etc. marriage, contracts, etc.

 Distribution of the final
Project
11  How to revise legal translation
12  Discussion of project
*
Session: In this course one session equals 2.5 contact hours.
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Instructional Methods:
All classes are conducted as workshops.
Assessment of Learning Outcomes

Frequency** : Three assessments and a project.
Type: Written tests and/or projects.
 Classroom assessments should not take more than 30 minutes.

 The first two assessments should be recorded in the class folder by session 7.
 Learners’ grades are based upon three assessments during the course (70%) and an end-of-term
project (30%).
 Instructors are required to provide learners with appropriate feedback on their performance
throughout the course.
 For all written courses, three assessments at least should be conducted as follows:
Session 3 20 points
Session 5 25 points
Session 8 25 points
Project 30 points
Total 100 points
For further information or Inquiries: Please see the Assistant Division Director for Regular Programs
in Room 617 SCE, or call 2797-6873, or email m_shorbargy@aucegypt.edu
**
Exact dates will be announced in class two sessions before the quiz, exam, or project is due.
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Classroom Guidelines for SCE Learners
CLASSROOM GUIDELINES FOR SCE
‫إرشادات خاصة بالدارسين بكلية التعليم المستمر‬
LEARNERS
Attendance Policy: :‫سياسة الحضور‬
 You must attend at least 75% of the class ‫ من عدد‬% 57 ‫ يجب أن تحضر نسبة ال تقل عن‬
sessions. Failure to do so will result in failing ،‫ وفي حالة عدم االلتزام بذلك‬.‫محاضرات المادة الدراسية‬
the course, although you will be allowed to ‫ غير أنه سيُسمح لك بحضور‬،‫ستعتبر راسبًا في المادة‬
attend classes. .‫المحاضرات‬
Punctuality Policy: :‫سياسة االنضباط في المواعيد‬

 You are expected to arrive on time for all ‫ عليك مراعاة الحضور في الموعد المحدد لكل المحاضرات‬
scheduled classes and laboratory sessions. .‫والمعامل وف ًقا للجدول المحدد‬
 You will be considered late if you enter the ‫ تعتبر متأخرً ا إذا دخلت الفصل في أي وقت بعد بدء‬
class any time after the start of instruction. .‫الدرس‬
 You are allowed to be late twice without ‫ وسيتم اعتبار كل‬.‫ يُسمح لك بالتأخر مرتين دون محاسبة‬
penalty. All successive instances of ‫ غير أنه‬،‫مرات التأخر التالية على أنها حاالت غياب‬
tardiness will be counted as absences, .‫سيُسمح لك بحضور المحاضرات‬
although you will be allowed to attend the
class.
Grading System: :‫نظام التقويم والتقديرات‬
 Learners are assessed throughout the term ‫ يتم تقويم الدارسين خالل الدورة الدراسية عن طريق‬
by tests, quizzes, assignments, projects or ‫ أو‬،‫ أو الواجبات‬،‫ أو االمتحانات الموجزة‬،‫االختبارات‬
other means of evaluation. End-of-term ‫ وتقيس‬.‫ أو أي وسائل أخرى للتقويم‬،‫المشروعات‬
achievement tests measure learners’ overall ‫اختبارات التحصيل في نهاية الفصل الدراسي األداء العام‬
performance in the course. .‫للدارسين خالل الدورة‬
 The final grade in each course is based on ‫ يعتمد التقدير النهائي في كل دورة على أداء الدارسين في‬
learners’ performance on continual .‫التقويم المستمر واالختبار النهائي‬
assessment measures and the final test. ‫ فطب ًقا‬،"‫ ال يعتمد تقدير نهاية الدورة على نسبة "الحضور‬
 Final course grades are NOT based on %57 ‫لسياسة الكلية يتعين على جميع الدارسين حضور‬
attendance, since in accordance with SCE’s ‫من عدد المحاضرات حتى يسمح لهم بحضوراختبار نهاية‬
attendance policy, learners must attend at .‫الدورة‬
least 75% of the class sessions in order to ‫ ُتعلن تقديرات الدارسين على‬،‫ في نهاية أي دورة دراسية‬
be allowed to take the final examination. ‫ مقرونة بأرقام‬،‫لوحة اإلعالنات الخاصة بكل قسم‬
 At the end of each term, final course grades ‫ وليس بأسمائهم؛ وعليه فإن رقم الدارس‬،‫الدارسين‬
are posted on the divisional bulletin boards .‫ضروري لمعرفة نتيجة المادة الدراسية‬
along with learners’ ID numbers, NOT their
names. Accordingly, the ID number is
necessary to know your course grade.
Incomplete Grade: :‫التقديرات غير المكتملة‬
 An incomplete grade (I) for any scheduled ‫“) وذلك‬I”, Incomplete( ‫ يسمح بمنح تقدير غير مكتمل‬
course may be given at the discretion of the ‫ وال يتم هذا اإلجراء إال مع‬.‫بنا ًء على تقدير مدرس الدورة‬
course instructor only to learners who have ‫الطلبة الذين انتظموا في الدورة لكنهم ال يستطيعون أداء‬
attended the course, but cannot sit for the ‫االختبار النهائي أو استكمال متطلبات الدورة لظروف‬
final examination or cannot complete course .‫خارجة عن إرادتهم‬
requirements due to circumstances beyond ‫ من أجل تسجيل التقدير النهائي للدورة ينبغي استيفاء جميع‬
their control. ‫المتطلبات قبل نهاية األسبوع الثاني من الفصل الدراسي‬
 In order to record the final course grade, all ‫ وفي حالة عدم تغيير تقدير "غير مكتمل" سيتحول‬. ‫التالي‬
requirements should be completed before ."‫التقدير النهائي في التسجيل إلى "راسب‬
the end of the second week of the following
term. Failure to change an incomplete grade
will result in the final grade being recorded
as "F".
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Learner Evaluation of Instruction: :‫تقويم الدارس لعملية التدريس‬
 Learner evaluation of instruction is very ‫ فبنا ًء على‬.‫ إن تقويم الدارس لعملية التدريس هام للغاية‬
important. Based upon your response and .‫ يُمكن عمل التغييرات الالزمة‬،‫استجابتك وتعليقاتك‬
comments, changes can be made. ‫ يُرجى مراعاة الجدية في عمليات التقويم واإلجابة عن كل‬
 Please take these evaluations seriously and ‫ تذ َّكر أنه ال يُسمَح للمدرسين برؤية نتائج‬.‫األسئلة بأمانة‬
answer all the questions honestly. .‫التقويم إال بعد إعالن النتائج النهائية للدارسين‬
Remember that instructors are not permitted .‫ تقدِّر كلية التعليم المستمر مشاركتك في هذا التقويم‬
to see their evaluation results until after your
grades are posted.
 SCE values your input.
Learner Petitions and Grievances: :‫التماسات الدارسين وتظلماتهم‬
 You may appeal to a division administrator ‫ من حقك أن تتقدم بشكوى ألحد مديري األقسام تتعلق بأي‬
in any aspect pertaining to class instruction, ‫ أو البيئة‬،‫من الجوانب الخاصة بالتدريس في الفصل‬
learning environment, or administration .‫التعليمية أو اإلجراءات اإلدارية‬
processes. ‫ يجوز لك اللجوء إلى مستويات إدارية أعلى إذا لم يتم حل‬
 You may seek resolution at higher ‫ ويكون قرار العميد المشارك للشئون التعليمية‬.‫المشكلة‬
administrative levels if the matter is not .‫قرارً ا نهائيًا‬
resolved. The decision of the Associate ‫ سيتم تجاهل كل الشكاوى أو االلتماسات التي ال تتضمن‬
Dean for Instructional Affairs is final. ‫ و ُتعامل كل االلتماسات في إطار من السرية‬،‫اسم صاحبها‬
 Anonymous complaints or petitions will be .‫وبما يخدم مصالح الدارسين‬
completely disregarded. All petitions are
handled with discretion, protecting your best
interests.
Cheating: :‫الغش‬
 Cheating is not acceptable in an institution ‫الغش غير مقبول في أي من المؤسسات التي تكرس‬ 
dedicated to learning. Cheating includes ‫ ويشمل الغش إعطاء أو تلقي معلومات‬.‫جهودها للتعليم‬
giving or receiving information during an ‫ واستخدام مواد يُحظـَر استخدامها أثناء‬،‫أثناء االختبار‬
examination, using unauthorized material ‫ وصدور أي أفعال تتصف بعدم األمانة‬،‫االختبار‬
during an examination, and other acts of .‫ بما في ذلك سرقة اإلنتاج الفكري‬،‫األكاديمية‬
academic dishonesty, including plagiarism. ‫ضبط الدارس وهو يقوم بالغش في االختبار‬ ِ ‫في حال‬ 
 If you are caught cheating on the final "F" ‫ ُتسجَّ ل درجته النهائية لهذه المادة الدراسية بـ‬،‫النهائي‬
examination, your final course grade will be .)‫(راسبًا‬
recorded as ‘F’. ‫عِ قاب الغش للمرة الثانية هو إيقاف الدارس تلقائيًا من‬ 
 The penalty for a second offense is ‫الدراسة في كلية التعليم المستمر لمدة فصل دراسي واحد‬
automatic suspension from studying at SCE .‫ أسبوعًا والرسوب في المادة الدراسية‬21 ‫مدته‬
for one 12-week term and failing the course. ‫ سيتم فصل الدارس‬،‫وفي حالة تكرار الغش للمرة الثالثة‬ 
 In instances of a third offense, you will be .‫نهائيًا من كلية التعليم المستمر‬
permanently dismissed from SCE.
Harassment: :‫التحرش‬
 SCE does not tolerate any form of ‫ ال تسمح كلية التعليم المستمر بأي شكل من أشكال‬
harassment, including sexual harassment. .‫ بما في ذلك التحرش الجنسي‬،‫التحرش‬
 Sexual harassment is any conduct of a ‫ التحرش الجنسي هو أي تصرف ذي طبيعة جنسية يُفسد‬
sexual nature that significantly impairs a ‫بدرجة كبيرة قدرة الشخص أو فرصته للقيام بأنشطته‬
person’s ability or opportunity to perform his .‫الخاصة بالعمل أو الدراسة‬
or her job or educational pursuits. ‫ تلتزم كلية التعليم المستمر بتوفير بيئة آمنة للتعليم والعمل‬
 SCE is committed to providing a secure .‫ ومديريها‬،‫ والعاملين بها‬،‫ ومدرسيها‬،‫لدارسيها‬
educational and work environment for its
learners, instructors, staff, and
administrators.
Photocopying: :‫النسخ‬
 Photocopying textbooks and original content ‫ بما‬،‫ يُعد نسخ كتب المقررات الدراسية والمحتوى األصلي‬
including computer software is a violation of ‫ مخال ًفا لسياسات حقوق‬،‫في ذلك نسخ برامج الحاسب اآللي‬
AUC copyright and photocopying policies ‫ وبالتالي غير‬،‫النشر والنسخ بالجامعة األمريكية بالقاهرة‬
and thus will not be allowed in SCE classes. .‫مسموح بذلك في فصول كلية التعليم المستمر‬
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Smoking: :‫التدخين‬
 Smoking is not allowed in any SCE building, ‫ غير مسموح بالتدخين في أي مبنى من مباني كلية التعليم‬
including classes, lounges, workspaces, ‫ واألماكن‬،‫ وقاعات االنتظار‬،‫المستمر بما في ذلك الفصول‬
single-occupancy offices, balconies, ‫ وحتى المكاتب التي يشغلها موظف‬،‫المخصصة للعمل‬
stairwells, open-areas within buildings, and ‫ والمساحات المفتوحة داخل‬،‫ وبئر السلم‬،‫ والشـُرفات‬،‫واحد‬
outside the entrance of buildings. .‫ وخارج مداخل المباني‬،‫المباني‬
Cellular / Mobile Phone: :‫استخدام الهاتف المحمول‬

 SCE prohibits the use of cellular/mobile ‫ تمنع كلية التعليم المستمر استخدام الهواتف المحمولة في‬
phones in the classroom and during the ‫ واختبارات نهاية الفصل‬،‫ وأثناء اختبارات القبول‬،‫الفصل‬
administration of entrance and end-of-term .‫الدراسي‬
testing sessions. ‫ يجب إغالق الهاتف أثناء أي محاضرة أو أثناء‬
 You should turn off your phone during any .‫االختبارات‬
class time and/or testing session.
Misconduct: :‫إساءة التصرف‬
 Acceptable adult behavior is expected of ‫ يُراعى من الدارسين بكلية التعليم المستمر التحلي بسلوك‬
SCE learners in the classroom and on .‫ناضج ومقبول في الفصول وداخل حرم الجامعة ومبانيها‬
university campuses. ‫ وسيقوم مدرس الفصل بإبالغ أي سلوك مخالف لمدير‬
 Breach of such behavior will be reported by ‫ ويحول الدارسون المشتركون في هذا السلوك إلى‬،‫القسم‬
the instructor to the Division Director, and .‫لجنة تأديب‬
learners involved will be referred to the
Learner Disciplinary Committee.
xi
Table of Contents
The Language of Legal Documents ........................................................................................... 1
Not for sale .............................................................................................................................. 27
Full Power of Attorney ............................................................................................................ 27
CONTRASTIVE STUDY ....................................................................................................... 45
Study The Following Expressions and Terminology: ............................................................. 69
‫ بعض أنواع الشركات‬....................................................................................................................... 82
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The Language of Legal Documents
POINTS TO REMEMBER
From: Investigating English Style
By David Crystal & Derek Davy
General
 Whoever composes (or translates) a legal document must take the

greatest pains to ensure that it says exactly what he wants it to say, and at
the same time gives no opportunities for misinterpretation.
 When a document is under scrutiny (in a court of law), attention will be
paid only to what, as a piece of natural language it appears actually to
declare: any Intentions of the composer (or the translator) which fail to
emerge clearly are not usually considered in arriving at what the
document means, and if the composer (or the translator) happens to have
used a language which can be taken to mean something other than he
intended, he has failed in his job.
 Legal language has many oddities that are clear evidence of the kinds of
effort that have been made.
 Of all uses of language legal language is perhaps the least
communicative, in that it is designed not so much to enlighten language-
users at large as to allow one expert to register information for scrutiny
by another. This is another factor which has provided opportunities for
unusualness. Legal writers know that their productions are for the
benefit of someone as familiar with the jargon as themselves, and
consequently they have no need to bother much about the simpler needs
of a general public.
 Neither the lawyer nor his legal draftsman will sit down to think up the
contents of a legal document from scratch. For each species of
transaction there has developed a linguistic formula – or rather
collections of such formulae- which are known to do the job adequately,
having been subjected to long and thorough testing before the courts.
Therefore, much legal writing is by no means spontaneous but is copied
directly from “Form Books”, as they are called, in which established
formulae are collected.
 It is essentially a visual language, meant to be scrutinized in silence.
 During the course of its development legal English has had to rub
shoulders with and sometimes give way to both French and Latin.
Legal Translation 2 Page 1

Layout
 A legal document is generally characterized by an unbroken format,

particularly with the intention to defeat fraudulent deletions (by
providing no tradition for spaces) and additions (by leaving no space into
which they might be squeezed). In fact it was quite common for
draftsmen to compose an entire document in the form of a single
sentence.
 Even today, documents that have been drafted without paragraph
divisions are occasionally to be found, and long, thinly punctuated
sentences are the rule rather than the exception.
 But this is not to say that legal English any longer consists of
undifferentiated masses of print. In general there has been a tendency to
make more and more use of layout and other graphetic and graphological
devices as a means of revealing structure, content and logical
progression.
Graphetic and Graphological Devices
 The occasional important word might be picked out by capitalization,

underlining or a different style of script.
 A visual arrangement which attempted to reflect the logical progression
of ideas was adopted, along with the appropriate lettering and numbering
of sections and subsections.
 Draftsmen are in the habit of emphasizing, by visual means, a whole
collection of bits and pieces considered for one reason or another to
merit special attention.
 Gothic characters for the initial “whereas”.
 The use of indentation.
 The main verb of the first and most important sentence is in capitals.
 The word AND is capitalized, presumably as a means of giving
increased emphasis to the clause it introduces.
 Initial capitalization is used to dignify certain lexical items.
 It seems that sometimes a principle is applied whereby capitalization is
used only for words that have been given a precise definition in a
document.
 Capitalization of:
- Various personalia referred to, such as: Life Insured, Agent,
Collector, Secretary, Hirer, Owner.
- Parts of the document itself, or of attachments to it: Schedule,
Registered Rules, Table of Insurance, Clause 6.

- What may be loosely called institutions, of one kind or another, some
of which may be so close to names as to qualify for a capital in their
own right: Society, Committee of Management.
 It is not true that legal language was always entirely punctuationless, and
in fact the occasional specimens which were intended for oral
presentation – proclamations, for instance – were quite fully punctuated.
 The tendency nowadays is to recognize the usefulness of punctuation as
a guide to grammatical structure – provided, of course, that it is used
systematically.
 But it should be noted that only a limited range of punctuation marks is
allowable in legal English, and the occurrences are few by normal
standards.
The Syntactic Level
 Sentences tend to be extremely long. It is a characteristic legal habit to

conflate, by means of an array of subordinating devises, sections of
language which would elsewhere be much more likely to appear as
separate sentences.
 As a result, legal sentences are usually self-contained units which
convey all the sense that has to be conveyed at any particular point and
do not need to be linked closely either to what follows or to what has
gone before.
 Almost the only formal linkage to be found between the long and self-
sufficient sentences is the repetition of lexical items.
 In almost all other varieties too much repetition is regarded as tiresome.
It is often reduced by the use of anaphora, in which a substitute word –
for instance one of the pronouns he, she, it or they – replaces, or, to put it
another way, refers back to a lexical item that would otherwise have
needed repeating.
 Some anaphoric devices, such as forms of the verb do, may substitute for
stretches of language larger than a single lexical item, replacing whole
clauses, or sections of clauses, and some, notably the demonstratives this
and that, are commonly used to refer to considerable stretches of
language, perhaps comprising a number of sentences. The trouble with
substitutes of this kind, however, is that they can often look as though
they are referring back to an item other than that which the writer had in
mind, producing ambiguities and confusions which would be of very
little consequence in conversation – or even in a good deal of written
language – but quite intolerable in a legal document.

Translation Skills
and
How to Comply with the Rules of Legal Drafting
By the end of this workshop you will have learned how

to:
1.measure a translation accurately

2.expand intuition into cognitively-based rules
3.apply the correct transfer strategy
4.use some useful translation techniques
5.preclude translation errors
6.employ some problem-solving techniques
7.achieve a communicatively-effective inter-lingual
transfer
8. comply with the rules of legal drafting
9. respond quickly to some basic terminology
10. go to the right source when needed.

The pedagogically easiest-to-handle

translation unit is the sentence, because
it reveals a self-contained network of
the often complicated inter-play of lexis
and syntax. The Sentence, as it is here
understood, is:
A syntactically structured,
communicatively controlled, context-
sensitive combination of linguistic
signs that are formally marked off
from other sentences of the same text
by means of punctuation marks.
Translation Applications and Research

Edited by richard W. Brinslin
East-West Center
Gardner press, Inc. New York, 1976

From: The Economic, Technical and Related Assistance Agreement
between the Government of Egypt and the Government of the
United States.
Article 5 (a) states:
"Any supplies, material or equipment introduced into or acquired in the Arab

Republic of Egypt by the Government of the United States of America, or any
American contractor financed by that Government for purposes of any program
or project conducted hereunder, shall, while such supplies, material or
equipment are used in connection with such a program or project, be exempt
from any taxes on ownership or use of property and any other taxes in the Arab
Republic of Egypt, and the import, purchase, use, or disposition of any such
supplies, material or equipment in connection with a program or project shall be
exempt from any tariffs, customs duties, import and export taxes, taxes on
purchase or disposition of property, and other taxes or similar charges in the
Arab Republic of Egypt. No tax (whether in the nature of an income, profit,
business, or other tax), duty, or fee or whatsoever nature shall be imposed
upon any American contractor financed by the Government of the United
States of America hereunder".
Article 5 (b) states:
"All United States citizen personnel (and their families), whether (i) employee
of the Government of the United States of America or any agency thereof, (ii)
individuals under contract with, or employees of public or private organizations
under contract with the Government of Arab Republic of Egypt; or any agency
thereof, or (iii) individuals under contract with or financed by, or employees of
public or private organizations under contract with or financed by, the
Government of the Untied States of America, or any agency thereof, who are
present in the Arab Republic of Egypt or perform work in connection with this
agreement shall be exempt from income and social security taxes levied
under the laws of the Arab Republic of Egypt and from taxes on purchase,
ownership, use or disposition of personal movable property (including
automobiles) intended for their own use. Such personnel (and their
families) shall be exempt from customs, import, and export duties on all
personal effects, equipment and supplies (including food, beverages and
tobacco), imported into the Arab Republic of Egypt for their own use, and
from all other duties and fees".

‫‪Arabic and Translation Studies Division‬‬
‫‪Read the following translation analytically, revise the text against the‬‬
‫‪original English and correct any translation error:‬‬
‫وتقرر المادة ‪( 5‬أ)‪:‬‬
‫راععا‬ ‫تتمتععأ أو وارداأ أو مععواد أو م ععداأ تقععده رلععم رماوررععة موععر ال ريرععة أو ت وع‬
‫موععر مععو ومععة الولرععاأ المت ععدة ا مرر رععة أو مععو أو مت اقععد أمرر ععو رمععو مععو قي ع‬
‫ال ومة لألغراض الخاوة يأو يرنامج مو اليرامج أو مشروع معو المشعرو اأ رعته ايقعا‬
‫لا ع ا التقاقرععة واالمععا أو ه ع ا التوررععداأ أو المععواد أو الم ععداأ ت ععتخده ذرمععا رتو ع يا ع ا‬
‫عم الم رعة أو ا عتخداه الممت عاأ و ع ل‬ ‫اليرنامج أو المشروع ياإل قاء مو أو ضعراب‬
‫مو أو ضراب أخرو ذم رماوررة مور ال ريرة‪ ،‬معا رتمتعأ ع ل ا عترراد أو شعراء أو‬
‫ا تخداه أو التورف ذعم أو معو هع ا العوارداأ أو المعواد أو الم عداأ ذرمعا رتوع ييرنعامج‬
‫مععو اليععرامج أو مشععروع مععو المشععرو اأ ياإل قععاء مععو أو ت ررقععاأ أو ر ععوه رمر رععة أو‬
‫عم الشعراء أو التوعرف ذعم الممت عاأ أو‬ ‫م ال ترراد والتودرر أو ضعراب‬ ‫ضراب‬
‫أو ضععراب أخععرو أو ر ععوه مشععاياة ذععم رماوررععة موععر ال ريرععة و ُيحظررفرضررف ر ر‬
‫ضفيبةر(سواءركانترضىرشرك رخلر ر ورفبرور ور ل را ر ور رضرفيبةر لرف سر ورفسرو ر ور‬
‫تعرراأر يرراركانررترابيعت ررارلاررىرام تعا ررخرات فيكرركرامررل رت ومررمرحكو ررةرامو يرراترام تحررخ ر‬
‫ات فيكيةرابقارم لهرا تفا ية‪.‬ر‬
‫ر‬
‫وتقرر المادة ‪:) ( 5‬‬
‫"رتمتأ ال ام رو مو مواانو الولراأ المت دة (و ابالتاه) واء عانوا (‪ )1‬معو معويقو‬

‫ومة الولراأ المت دة ا مرر رة أو أو و الة تاي ة لاا أو (‪ )2‬أذراداً مت اقدرو معأ أو معو‬
‫مععويقو الاربععاأ ال امععة أو الخاوععة المت اقععدة مععأ ومععة رماوررععة موععر ال ريرععة أو أو‬
‫و الة لاا أو (‪ )3‬أذراداً مت اقدرو مأ أو رمولوو مو قيع أو هعه معو معويقو الاربعاأ ال امعة‬
‫ومة الولراأ المت دة ا مرر رة أو أو و العة‬ ‫أو الخاوة المت اقدة مأ أو الممولة مو قي‬
‫لاا ور ونوو مورعودرو ذعم رماوررعة موعر ال ريرعة أو رعددوو معال رتوع ياع ا التقاقرعة‬
‫باإللفررراءر ررر ضرررفااأرامرررخل روامترررم ي را ذت رررالكرامرررل ريرررت رتح ررريامررابقرررارمقرررواني ر‬
‫ذ وفيةر فرامعفبيةروكلمكر رامضرفااأرلارىرامشرفاءرولارىرام اكيرةرولارىراسرتلخا ر‬
‫ام تاكرراترامشل رريةرام نقومررةر ورامت ررفبرضي ررار(ب ررارضررىرلمرركرامسرريافاتسرامتررىرتسررت خبر‬
‫اسررتلخا رامشل ررك‪.‬ررويعفررىرك ر رارري ءرامعررا اي ر(ولرراارت سر ر رامذ ررافكروفسررو ر‬
‫ا سررتيفاخروامت ررخيفرلاررىرك ر راتخررفا رامشل رريةرواتذ ررب روامرروافخاتر(ب ررارضررىرلمرركر‬
‫اماعا روام شفوباتروامخلا سرامتىرتستوفخرإمىرخال رذ وفيةر فرامعفبيةر ستلخا ر‬
‫امشل ك‪،‬ررك اريت تعو ركلمكرباإللفاءر رك رامفسو راتلف رواتتعاأ"‪.‬ر‬
‫‪Legal Translation 2‬‬ ‫‪Page 7‬‬




FORMAL VS INFORMAL
WORDS
FORMAL COMMON CORE INFORMAL KIDS
OFFSPRING CHILDREN KIDS
DISCOVER FIND OUT
INVESTIGATE LOOK INTO
COMMENCE BEGIN
SENTENCES
FORMAL COMMON CORE INFORMAL KIDS
Feeling tired, I went I went to bed early I felt tired so I went

to bed early. because I felt tired. to bed early

‫المنصوص عليه‬
 PRESCRIBED
 CONTAINED
 SET FORTH
 ENUMERATED
 STIPULATED
 SPECIFIED
 PROVIDED FOR
 STATED
 MENTIONED
 ENSHRINED

‫ملحق‬
 ANNEX
 APPENDIX
 ATTACHMENT
 SUPPLEMENT
 ADDENDUM

:‫الئحة‬
 REGULATIONS
 BY-LAWS
 CODE OF PROCEDURE
 STATUTE

:‫هيئة‬
 AUTHORITY
 CORPORATION
 BOARD
 PANEL
 ORGANIZATION
 AGENCY
 ENTITY

: ‫طبقا لــ‬
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 ACCORDING TO
 IN AGREEMENT WITH
 IN COMPLIANCE WITH
 IN CONFORMITY WITH
 IN PURSUANCE OF
 PURSUANT TO
 (SUBJECT TO)
 (UNDER)



 IN HARMONY WITH
 IN CONSONANCE WITH
 IN LINE WITH

‫بشرط‬
 ON CONDITION THAT
 CONDITIONAL ON
 PROVIDED THAT
 SUBJECT TO

)‫اتفاقية (اتفاق‬
AGREEMENT
ACCORD
CONVENTION
PACT

:‫ميثاق‬
 COVENANT
 CHARTER
 PACT

‫‪Text Exercise in Contrastive Analysis‬‬
‫‪The following Arabic original is classified as “formal” language, which should be translated‬‬
‫‪in line with the rules governing formal style. The English translation was done by a‬‬
‫‪professional translator under pressure of time. Read the original Arabic and the English‬‬
‫‪rendering unit by unit and get out the merits and demerits in the translation:‬‬
‫األساس في استقالل محافظات القاهرة و اإلسكندرية وبورسعيد‬

‫بربط وتحصيل ضريبتي المباني واألرض الفضاء‬
‫كانت ضريبة العقارات المبنية في مصر من الضرائب السيادية التى تتىول‬

‫ربطها وتحصيلها أجهزة الدولة المركزية وهي مصىلحة ااممىواا المقىررةا التى‬
‫صدر قرار جمهوري بعد ذلك بتسميتها امصلحة الضىرائب العقاريىةا ىخ أ ى ت‬
‫الدولىة تتنىا ا هنهىىا للم ىالح المحليىىة منى ىىنة ‪ ، 6981‬وفى ىنة ‪ 6811‬هلى‬
‫بيل المثاا صدر قرار و اري بإحالة أهماا ه ه الضريبة بمدينة اإل كندرية إل‬
‫م لسها البلدي الىى أصىب وحىده منى ذلىك الوقىم المسىنوا هىن تطبيىن القىوانين‬
‫واللوائ الخاصة بها‪ ،‬ثم صدر القانون رقخ ‪ 89‬لسنة ‪ 6891‬بإهىادة إنشىام م لىح‬
‫بلدي اإل ىكندرية وأبقى هلى ا تصىاج م لىح بلىدي اإل ىكندرية المتعلىن بىرب‬
‫وتحصيل ه ه الضريبة‬
‫ثم تنا لم الدولة بعد ذلك هن ه ه الضريبة للم الح البلدية لمدينتي القاهرة‬
‫وبور عيد (وبورفؤاد) وه المدن الت كانم تنظخ م السها البلدية قوانين اصة‬
‫مثل القانون رقىخ ‪ 649‬لسىنة ‪ 6848‬بإنشىام م لىح بلىدي القىاهرة المعىدا بالقىانون‬
‫رقىىخ ‪ 955‬لسىىنة ‪ ،6894‬والقىىانون رقىىخ ‪ 649‬لسىىنة ‪ 6891‬بإنشىىام م لىىح بلىىدي‬
‫بور عيد المعدا بالقانون رقخ ‪ 592‬لسنة ‪6891‬‬
‫ظلىىت الم ىىالح البلديىىة للمىىدن الىىث ت تبا ىىر ا تصاصىىاتها فىىي أهمىىاا ربى‬
‫وتحصىىيل ضىىريبة المبىىاني إل ى أن صىىدر قىىانون اإلدارة المحليىىة رقىىخ ‪ 654‬لسىىنة‬
‫‪ 6811‬ويىىن فىىي مادتىىخ الخامسىىة هلى إللىىام العمىىل بىىالقوانين الخاصىىة بم ىىالح‬
‫المىىديريات وم ىىالح بلديىىة كىىل مىىن القىىاهرة واإل ىىكندرية وبور ىىعيد‪ ،‬ومىىذ كلى‬
‫ظلم الم ىالح المحليىة بهى ه المىدن الىث ت تبا ىر ذات اص تصاصىات التى كانىم‬
‫تمار ها الم الح البلدية وبقيت امجهىزة القائمىة بمهمىاا الىرب والتحصىيل تابعىة‬
‫لم الح امحيام‬

‫صىىىدر قىىىرار و يىىىر الماليىىىة رقىىىخ ‪ 631‬لسىىىنة ‪ 6824‬بنقىىىل اص تصاصىىىات‬

‫التنفي يىىة لمصىىلحة الضىىرائب العقاريىىة إلى المحليىىات واسىىتتبذ ذلىىك نقىىل العىىاملين‬
‫بالمحليىىات ال ى ين كىىانوا تىىابعين للمصىىلحة إل ى الوحىىدات المحليىىة عىىدا مىىدير هىىا‬
‫مديريىىىة الضىىىرائب العقاريىىىة ووكيلىىىخ اللىىى ين ظلىىىم تبعيتهمىىىا اإلداريىىىة للمصىىىلحة‪،‬‬
‫وانحصىىىر دور المصىىىلحة فىىىي اإل ىىىرا والتوجيىىىخ الفنىىىي والتخطىىىي والتفتىىىي‬
‫والمتابعة والرقابة هل أهماا الضرائب العقاريىة بالمحافظىات‪ ،‬واإل ىرا هلى‬
‫همليىىىة إهىىىادة تقىىىدير وربىىى الضىىىريبة هلىىى امريىىىان الزراهيىىىة والضىىىريبة هلىىى‬
‫العقارات المبنية كل هشر نوات ربقا محكا القانون‬
‫وبحكىىىىم اموضىىىىاع السىىىىابقة المشىىىىار إليهىىىىا بمحافظىىىىات ومىىىىدن القىىىىاهرة‬

‫واإل ىىكندرية وبور ىىعيد ظلىىم إدارات اإليىىرادات به ى ه المحافظىىات الىىث ت قائمىىة‬
‫بمبا رة اص تصاج المتعلن بتقدير ورب وتحصيل ضريبة المباني تحم الرقابىة‬
‫واإل ىىرا والتوجيىىخ الفنىىي المبا ىىر لل هىىات الرئا ىىية بالمحافظىىات الىىث ت ىىوام‬
‫كانىىم المىىديريات الماليىىة أو رئا ىىة الحىىي والمحافظىىة أو يرهىىا ‪ -‬اسىىتقالال هىىن‬
‫الدور المقرر للمصلحة في ه ا الخصوج بسائر المحافظات ام رى‬
‫وهىىىا الوضىىا المسىىتقل القىىائخ فىىي المحافظىىات الىىث ت ظىىل ىىائدا حتى ا ن‬
‫ر خ أن القرار الو اري رقخ ‪ 631‬لسنة ‪ 24‬وك ا قانون اإلدارة المحليىة لىخ يسىتثن‬
‫المحافظىىات الىىث ت مىىن أحكامىىخ ولىىخ يح ىىب دور المصىىلحة هنهىىا فىىي اإل ىىرا‬
‫والرقابة والتوجيخ الفني‪ ،‬وتتمس ال هات الرئا ىية المعنيىة بالمحافظىات الىث ت‬
‫بهىى ا الوضىىا القىىائخ غيىىر هنىىه إ ام هىى ا الوضىىا الشىىاذ ىىكلم ل نىىخ بىىالو ارة‬
‫وهناصر مىن المصىلحة‪ ،‬والحكىخ المحلى إلهىادة تبعيىة امجهىزة المعنيىة بضىريبة‬
‫المبىاني (وكى ا بضىريبة امرا الفضىام التى تقىررت فيمىا بعىد) بهى ه المحافظىىات‬
‫للمصلحة‪ ،‬غير هن همل الل نة لخ يتمخض هن أية أوضاع جديدة حت ا ن‬

Granting Cairo, Alexandria & Port Said
The Right to Act Independently When
Assessing or Levying Taxes on
Buildings & Vacant Land
BACKGROUND PAPER
- Tax on real estate in Egypt was a Sovereignty Tax assessed and collected by the
government central agency, namely, Fixed Tax Department. Later a Republican decree
was issued changing the name into Real Estate Tax Department, and ever since 1896 the
State has adopted a policy of assigning this job to local councils. In 1900, for instance, a
Ministerial Decree was issued assigning matters related to this Tax in Alexandria to the
City Municipal Council. By virtue thereof, the Alexandria Municipal Council (AMC)
became fully responsible for enforcing tax laws and the executive regulations thereto
related. Then Law no. 98 of 1950 was issued reconstituting AMC and affirming
competence to assess and levy property tax.
- Later on, the State delegated the authority related to this tax to the Municipal Councils in
Cairo, Port Said (and Port Fouad). The Municipal Councils in these cities were under the
regulations established by special laws, such as law no. 45 of 1950 constituting Cairo
Municipal Council amended by Law no 522 of 1954, and Law no. 148 of 1950
constituting Port Said MC amended by Law no. 287 of 1956.
- The three Municipal Councils continued exercising their competence in assessing and
levying taxes on buildings until the Local Administration Law no. 124 of 1960 was
issued. In Article V LA Law, all laws on provincial councils and/or Municipal Councils
in Cairo, Alexandria and Port Said were repealed. Nonetheless, the three LCs continued
to exercise the competence previously given to MCs. The organs undertaking tax
assessment and collection remained affiliated to district councils.
- The Minister of Finance issued Decree no. 136 of 1974 delegating the executive
authorities previously exercised by the Real Estate Tax Department to localities. This
measure made it necessary to transfer all Department staff who were working at
localities to local units. Only the Real Estate Tax Director General and Deputy remained
administratively reporting to the Department. The role of the Tax Department was then
confined to the task of supervision, technical guidance, planning, inspection, follow-up
and monitoring the operation of real estate tax at governorates' level. Moreover, the Tax
Department was also responsible for re-estimating and reassessing agricultural lands as
well as real estates every ten years as stipulated by law.
- In virtue of the above-mentioned conditions in Cairo, Alexandria and Port Said, the
Revenue Departments in the three governorates have continued to exercise competence
in estimating, assessing and levying taxes on building under the direct control,
supervision and technical guidance of superior organs in the three Governorates, the
financial directorates, district chief office, the governorates or any other agency. That is

how the three governorates are – in this concern – excepted from the competence
exercised by the Real Estate Tax Department in all other governorates.
- This independent position has so far existed in spite of the fact that both Ministerial
decree no. 136 of 1974 and the local administration Law provided for no exception to the
three governorates nor even denied the role of the Tax Department to supervise, control
and provide technical guidance. It is note-worthy here that the concerned superior
entities in the three governorates will not relinquish the statues quo.
- However, in view of this non-conformist attitude a ministry ad hoc committee including

members from the Real Estate Tax Department as well as from local government was
constituted to re-subordinate organs concerned with taxes on building (and the later
stipulated tax on vacant land) in the three governorates to the Tax Department. Still, the
work of this Committee has not to date been in any way effective.




Not for sale
Full Power of Attorney
Know all men by these presents that on this Wednesday the 17 th day of January
in the year One Thousand Nine Hundred & Ninety Six, at Kasrel-Nil Registry
Office, at 12:00 noon, before and through me, ________, Notary Public at the
said office ___________________ and in the presence of:
1. Name :
I.D. # :
Civil Registration :
Dated :
Printed # :
Residence :
Religion :
Profession :
2. Name :
I.D. # :
Civil Registration :
Dated :
Printed # :
Residence :
Religion :
Profession :
Being two qualified witnesses
APPEARED
FIRST:
Name : Mr.
Religion : Muslim
Nationality : Egyptian
Profession :
I.D. (Family) : Kasrel-Nil Civil Registration,
31/10/1994
sr. P
Residence :

SECOND:
Name : Mr.
Religion : Muslim
Profession :
13/02/1971
sr. G
Residence :
THIRD:
Name : Mr.
Religion : Muslim
Profession : _________
11/12/1981
sr. T
Residence :
FOURTH:
Name : Mr.
Religion : Muslim
Profession : _________
I.D. # : Egyptian Passport issued by the Travel
Documents & Immigration Department
(TDINA), 25/9/1995 Sr.
Residence : Mohamed Mazhar St., Zamalek, Kasrel-Nil,
Cairo
All four in their capacity as, inter alios, co-inheritors of the late Mr.
as per decree of distribution # Abdeen Inheritance Cases, herewith
enclosed Power of Attorney # 80B/1996, and said that ---- have made,
constituted and appointed and by these presents do make, constitute and
appoint, _____________, daughter of Mr. ; Religion: Muslim;
Nationality: Egyptian; Profession: ; Resident of

St., Zamalek, Kasrel-Nil, Cairo, true and lawful attorney for ---- and in …
name, place and stead in:
First: Lawsuits, Litigation Procedures and Matters thereof:
All actions brought by them or against them before any court of law, and in
submitting to and receiving from the process-server department any paper(s),
and in conciliations, declarations, denials, exonerations, allegation of forgery,
demanding solemn oath to be taken, abjuring or taking of such, challenging
reports of experts and arbitrators, recusing or asking for substitution,
demanding appointment of experts and appearing before any court of
whatever kind in all lawsuits, disposals or in any other case and before courts
of probate for personal status, reporting for objections, petitions, execution
complications and appeal in all civil or criminal cases and in personal status
and in appealing to courts of cassation, submitting briefs and taking any legal
measure or requisite procedure for litigation, and in receiving copies of court
rulings and execution thereof, appearing before any administrative authority,
government departments or the real estate publicity department, offices or
branches thereof, and in submitting and subscribing applications, petitions or
briefs, and in receiving papers, documents and contracts informal or formal,
appearing before the tax department and offices, appeal and conciliation
committees, submitting briefs, receiving copies of reports and appraisements,
disputing such, accepting whatever is deemed acceptable and rejecting what is
deemed unacceptable, paying fees, depositions in trust to the judge, settling of
such and receiving the balance and in receiving and delivering papers, orders,
documents and contracts, informal and formal, from and to the process-server
departments and administrative agencies, and in signing for them receipts of
such in all of the above-mentioned, and in reporting loss of coupons, signing
reports for petty offences and appearing before the Administrative Court (the
State Council), hereby giving and granting unto ---- full power and authority
to authorize another in ---- name, place and stead as fully or for some of the
aforementioned.
Second: Acts of Administration:
Attorney is hereby entitled to undertake administration of farm lands, real

estate and vacant land owned by the principal(s) in_______, renting or hiring
of such, concluding contracts of tenancy, collecting or paying of rents
therefrom received, receiving and giving receipts, clearances, calling tenants

to account, and in taking any necessary measure with the agricultural
societies and conciliation committees, and in rescinding contracts of tenancy,
waiving of such, signing related papers and contracts, constructing buildings
and removing such, applying for and receiving licences thereof, and
representing ----------- before any governmental or non-governmental entity,
public or private sectors, including the municipality, cadastral boards,
agencies and companies, public or private and signing for ----- when
necessary, and in receiving building materials from any entity, governmental
or non-governmental, public or private sectors, paying the sums of money
required, contracting with building contractors, laborers and other people,
signing contracts necessary for contractual purposes, rescissions or waivers,
against or without a recompense, and in exporting, importing, delivering or
shipping goods, movables, machinery and other shipments, including parcels,
representing ---- before the customs house, harbor authorities and any other
department or agency concerned, therefor taking any necessary measure or
requisite procedure. Attorney is hereby entitled to demand and be given
decrees of distribution, appear before courts of personal status and take any
necessary measure, lawfully and legally. Attorney is entitled to cash deposit
and receive the sums of money payable to ---- from any government
department, company, bank, post-savings authority and any other entity,
public or private, including cashing checks, money orders, monthly pensions,
salaries, remunerations, saving and insurance, signing papers,
acknowledgments and documents thereto related, and in general attorney is
entitled to receive any sum of money payable to the principal(s) by any entity
or person.
Third : Acts of Disposal
In addition, ---- do hereby make, constitute and appoint said attorney true and
lawful representative for ---- and in ---- name place and stead in acts of
selling, purchasing, mortgage, cancellation, substitution, bartering, donation,
distribution, division, apportionment, publicity of testament, termination of
inalienable estate, taking and quashing liens on farm lands, real estate or
vacant lands and on all that is movable or immovable, signing for … all kinds
of contracts, preliminary or final, and in paying prices, receiving of such and
the balance, demanding and giving clearances, and in all acts of conveyance
or restrictions thereof, including all kinds of contracts of cancellation and
related affidavits, and the attorney is hereby entitled to sell, purchase,
substitute or exchange securities, shares and stocks, collect or sell coupons of
same, and attorney is hereby entitled to purchase or sell all kinds and makes
of cars, apply for and annually renew licenses thereof, pay charges and

insurance, change or transfer metal plates, or finalize any measure with the
department of motor vehicles signing contracts and related binding papers –
(all that in respect of the share of the inheritance to which the principals are entitled from
their inheritor the late Mr. _____________, including collection of the money and accruals of
the inheritor in Egyptian and Foreign banks) – and as a whole ---- do hereby give and grant
unto ---- full power and authority to authorize another or renunciate such power in all or part
of the hereinbefore mentioned, generally giving and granting unto ---- full power of attorney,
hereby ratifying and confirming all that ---- shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
thereof. In witness whereof and after reading it out, this authorization has
been made and signed by:
Principals Notary public

________ __________
1. _________
2. _________
3. _________
4. _________
Apostille: One addition regarding collection of money from banks.
Seals: Real Estate Publicity & Registration Department
- The translator certifies that he is proficient in Arabic and English and is

competent to translate the original document from Arabic into English.
- Authentic Translation at the American University in Cairo.
Without Liability. Alteration Invalidates.
- The American University in Cairo, Egypt on March 22, 2005
Translated by
Abdelaziz Hamdy
Assistant Director

Speed Test
Legal
(No Dictionaries Allowed)
In addition to the general translation techniques that should be observed, the
language of law is characterized by special linguistic features. Translate the
following into English observing the rules of legal drafting:
* N.B. Law Latin is preferred when it is a term. English alternate versions are
allowable.
‫انعدا الد تورية‬ 6
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ __________
______________________________________________________________________________
‫ير ره‬ 5
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ __________________
______________________________________________________________________________
‫مشروع‬ 3
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ _____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
‫قانونية‬ 4
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
‫ير قانون‬ 9
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
: ‫السلطات الث ت ه‬ 1
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________ _________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
‫السلطة التشريعية‬ 2
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________ ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

‫السلطة القضائية‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________ ________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫السلطة التنفي ية‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________ ________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫السلطة الرابعة ه الصحافة‬ ‫‪61‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_____________________________ _________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫السلطات المختصة‬ ‫‪66‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________ ________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ل نة مخصصة لــ‬ ‫‪65‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫________________________________ ______________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫يقصد بالضرائب ال مركية والر و و يرها من الضرائب والر و الملحقة بها ما يل ‪111‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫يعتبر مشروها ف تطبين أحكا ه ا القانون ‪111‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬
‫____________________ __________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫العقد ريعة المتعاقدين‬ ‫‪69‬‬

‫_____________ _________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫قرار رئيح ال مهورية بإصدار القانون رقخ ‪ 6‬لسنة ‪ 5‬معدص بالقانون رقخ ‪ 3‬لسنة ‪4‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫قرر م لح الشعب القانون ا ت نصخ وقد أصدرناه‪:‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_____________________ _________________________________________________________‬
‫يعمل بمحكا القانون المرافن بشمن‬ ‫‪69‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_ _____________________________________________________________________________‬
‫تطبن أحكا القوانين واللوائ المعموا بها ف كل مالخ يرد فيخ نص اج ف القانون المرافن‬ ‫‪68‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_________ _____________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫يلل القانون رقخ ‪ 9‬لسنة ‪1‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ينشر ه ا القانون ف ال ريدة الر مية‬ ‫‪56‬‬

‫ويعمل بخ من تاريخ نشره ويبصخ ه ا القانون بخاتخ الدولة‬
‫_ _____________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫يقصد بال امعة ف تطبين أحكا ه ا القانون‬ ‫‪55‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫تعتبر جامعة ف تطبين أحكا ه ا القانون‪:‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫مالخ يقرر ال ها المركزى للتعبنة العامة واإلحصام اإل تثنام من ه ا الشرر‬ ‫‪54‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ف الحدود الت يعتمدها ال ها المركزى للتنظيخ واإلدارة‬ ‫‪59‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_________________________ _____________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫بشرر موافقة م لح اإلدارة ف الحالتين‬ ‫‪51‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____ __________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ربقا ً للقواهد الت يقررها ال ها المركزى للمحا بات‬ ‫‪52‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ريان القانون رقخ ‪ 69‬لسنة ‪61‬‬ ‫ربقا للقوانين الناف ة وف تاريخ صحن هل‬ ‫‪59‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ربقا للقواهد واإلجرامات الت تحددها ال ئحة التنفي ية‬ ‫‪58‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫إهادة تصدير الماا المستثمر‬ ‫‪31‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫السلطات (المصرية) المختصة‬ ‫‪36‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________________________ __________________________________________________‬

‫ويسرى حكخ الفقرة السابقة هل‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫___________ ___________________________________________________________________‬
‫امصوا الرأ مالية للمشروع‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_ _____________________________________________________________________________‬
‫امي ار رويل امجل‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫تشييد مبان جديدة وإقامة المرافن المتعلقة بها‬ ‫‪39‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________________________________________ __________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫مبن قائخ فع‬ ‫‪31‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ف مفهو أحكا ه ا القانون‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________ ____________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ف الماا العا‬ ‫ا بقواهد التصر‬ ‫دون إ‬ ‫‪39‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫___________ ___________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫م تلك العقارات‬ ‫دون إلزا من الدولة بإ‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫الشركات المنصوج هليها ف ه ا القانون‬ ‫‪41‬‬

‫___________________________________________ ___________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫له ه الشركات أن تقو بالعمليات التمويلية بنفسها‬ ‫‪46‬‬

‫__________ ____________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫مشروهات مشتركة ما رأس ماا محل مملوك لمصريين ص تقل نسبتخ ف جميا امحواا هن ‪%96‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫نشار التعمير ف المنارن الخارجة هن الرقعة الزراهية ونطاق المدن الحالية‬ ‫‪43‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫بيوت الخبرة الفنية‬ ‫‪44‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫تثمار‬ ‫وفقا للنظا ال ى يقرره و ير قطاع امهماا ويوافن هليخ م لح إدارة الهينة العامة ل‬ ‫‪49‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫تمن أولوية اصة لـ‬ ‫‪41‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫برامات اإل تراع أو الع مات الت ارية ذات الشهرة الخاصة‬ ‫‪42‬‬
‫____________________ __________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫بالشرور واموضاع المنصوج هليها ف المادتين ‪ 69 ،62‬من ه ا القانون‬ ‫‪49‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫وا تثنام مما تقد‬ ‫‪48‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫خص ربيع أو خص إهتبارى‬ ‫‪91‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫بم لبية لث امهضام‬ ‫‪96‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫تسرى اإلهفامات المشار إليها هل‬ ‫‪95‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫___________________________________ ___________________________________________‬
‫يادة رأس الماا باكتتاب نقدى‬ ‫‪93‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________________ __________________________________________________________‬
‫تتخ تسوية المنا هات المتعلقة بالمشروع بالطريقة الت يتفن هليها الطرفان‬ ‫‪94‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ي و اإلتفاق هل أن تتخ تسوية المنا هات بطرين التحكيخ‬ ‫‪99‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫___ ___________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫تشكل ل نة التحكيخ من هضو هن كل من ررف النزاع وهضو الث مرج يتفن هل ا تياره العضوان الم كوران‬ ‫‪91‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫المشددة للعقوبة‬ ‫الظرو‬ ‫‪92‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫صئحة نون العاملين‬ ‫‪99‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫بيان المخالفات وال زامات‬ ‫‪98‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫محكمة امحواا الشخصية للوصية هل النفح‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫الوصية هل الماا‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫وصية م لح الدولة‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫الثابم خصيتخ بموجب‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫ال ميا بصفتهخ ضمن ور ة المرحو‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________________________ __________________________________________________‬
‫قررت إنها قد وكلم والدها ف‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________ __________________________________________________________________‬
‫مصلحة الشهر العقارى ومكاتبها ومممورياتها‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫العقود العرفية والر مية‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ل ان الطعن والتصال‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫واذنتخ بتوكيل يره ف كل أو بعض ما ذكر‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_____________________________ _________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ررة المرافن‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫________________________________ ______________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫حساب توفير‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_____________________________________ _________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫بما ذكر تحرر ه ا التوكيل وتخ التوقيا هليخ من‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫___ ___________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫نقابة المحامين‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____ __________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫حقوق اصنسان الطبيعية أو القائمة بمعزا هن القانون‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ما مراهاة حكخ المادة ‪ 65‬مكرر‬ ‫‪29‬‬

‫__________________________________ ____________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫يختص رئيح م لح الشعب وحده بـ‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫_________________ _____________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ة ا هر من إهطائها‬ ‫تسق ه ه الموافقة بعد مض‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫القواهد المعموا بها ف المشروهات الت ارية‬ ‫‪29‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫هضو بحكخ المنصب أو الوظيفة‬ ‫‪28‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫هضو م لح اإلدراة المنتدب‬ ‫‪91‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫واردة بر خ‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________________________________________ __________________________________‬
‫الح ر الصح‬ ‫‪95‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫البينة هل من أده‬ ‫‪93‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ايوام الم رمين أو التستر هليهخ مخالف للقانون‬ ‫‪94‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_______________ _______________________________________________________________‬
‫ركة أمواا‬ ‫‪99‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________________ __________________________________________________________‬
‫ميثاق هصبة اممخ‬ ‫‪91‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________ ____________________________________________________________‬
‫القانون والنظا العا‬ ‫‪92‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________ __________________________________________________________________‬

‫لهخ حن التوقيا م تمعين أو منفردين‬ ‫‪99‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫الحقوق المعنوية‬ ‫‪98‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ما مراهاة حكخ المادة (‪ )69‬من القانون المرافن‬ ‫‪81‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_________________________________________ _____________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ال ريدة الر مية ‪ -‬العدد ‪( 66‬مكرر)‬ ‫‪86‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_______________________ _______________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫و هادة منا هل ذلك‬ ‫‪85‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________ ____________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫اي اب وقبوا رهيين‬ ‫‪83‬‬

‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫_______________ _______________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ة أ هر من تاريخ إصداره‬ ‫ا‬ ‫يصدر و ير التربية والتلعيخ بنام هل إقتراح م لح ال امعة ال ئحة التنفي ية له ا القانون‬ ‫‪84‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫المواد المعدلة والمستحد ة وفن أحكا القانون رقخ ‪ 2‬لسنة ‪ 9‬تخ إدماجها ف القانون رقخ ‪ 8‬لسنة ‪ 61‬فيما هدا المادتين ‪66،65‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬
‫من القانون رقخ ‪ 63‬لسنة ‪ 64‬فيرجا بشمنهما إل نص القانون المرافن‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫__ ____________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

‫ص ي و تمميخ المشر وهات أو مصادرتها وص ي و الح ز هل أمواا ه ه المشروهات أو ت ميدها أو مصادرتها أو فرا‬ ‫‪81‬‬
‫الحرا ة هليها هن ير الطرين القضائ‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫أو ف إرار اإلتفاقيات السارية بين (جمهورية مصر العربية) ودولة المستمر‬ ‫‪82‬‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫________________ ______________________________________________________________‬
‫أو ف إرار إتفاقية تسوية منا هات اص تثمار بين الدولة وموارن الدوا ام رى الت أنضمم إليها (جمهورية مصر العربية)‬ ‫‪89‬‬
‫بموجب القانون رقخ ‪ 81‬لسنة ‪ 26‬ف اإلحواا الت تسرى فيها‬
‫__________________ ____________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫ين يوما من تعيين آ رهما يتخ ا تيار العضو المرجا بنام هل رلب أى من الطرفين بقرار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫فإن لخ يتفقا هل ا تياره‬ ‫‪88‬‬
‫من الم لح امهل للهينات القضائية من بين المستشارين بالهينات القضائية (ب مهورية مصر العربية)‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫تضا ل نة التحكيخ قواهد اإلجرامات الخاصة بها دون التقيد بقواهد المرافعات المدنية والت ارية إص ما تعلن منها بالضمانات‬ ‫‪611‬‬
‫والمبادئ ام ا ية للتقاض هل أن تراه الل نة رهة البم ف المنا هة‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬
‫____________ __________________________________________________________________‬
‫______________________________________________________________________________‬

CONTRASTIVE STUDY
This translation is made by a professional lawyer who, though apparently
is a bilingual speaker, is certainly not a competent translator.
Read the Arabic original and the English rendering unit by unit. Analyze
the translation on all levels of language analysis needed for this type of
product; viz., graphetically, graphologically, lexically, syntactically and
semantically; then correct any deviation from the norms set for legal
English:
Law No. 43 of 1974 4793 ‫ لسنة‬34 ‫قانون رقم‬
Concerning ‫بإصدار نظام استثمار المال العربي واألجنبي‬
The Investment of Arab And Foreign
‫والمناطق الحرة‬
Funds And The Free Zones
As Amended By Law No. 32 of 1977 4799 ‫ لسنة‬43 ‫معدال بالقانون رقم‬
‫باسم الشعب‬
‫رئيس الجمهورية‬
‫ وقد‬،‫قرر مجلس الشعب القانوني آالتي نصه‬
:‫هصدرناه‬
Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of

Egypt enacting Law No. 43 of 1974, concerning
Arab and Foreign Capital Investment and Free
Zones.
In The Name of The People
The President of The Republic
The People’s Assembly has approved the
following law, and it has been issued:

Art 1 Arab and foreign investments and ‫يعمل بأحكام القانون المرافق بشأن نظام‬ ‫المادة األول‬
free zones are governed by the
attached law.
‫استثمار المال العربي واألجنبي والمناطق‬
.‫الحرة‬
Art 2 Matters not covered by this Law are ‫المادة الثانية تطبق هحكام القوانين واللوائح المعمول بهىا‬
subject to the applicable laws and
regulations.
‫ف كل ما لم يرد فيه ن خاص ف القانون‬
‫المرافق‬
Art 3 The Minister of Economy and ‫يصدر وزير االقتصىاد والتعىاون االقتصىاد‬ ‫المادة الثالثة‬
Economic Cooperation shall issue,
upon recommendation of the Board
‫ بنىىىاء علىىى اقتىىىراا مجلىىىس دارة الهيئىىىة‬-
of Directors of the General - ‫العامة لالستثمار العربي والمناطق الحىرة‬
Authority for Investment and the ‫الالئحىىة التنفيىيىىة لهىىىا القىىانون وكلى خىىالل‬
Free Zones, the executive .‫ثالثة اشهر من تاريخ العمل به‬
regulations implementing this law
within three months of its
enactment.

Art 4 Law No. 65 of 1971 on Arab ‫ ف‬4794 ‫ لسنة‬56 ‫يلغ القانون رقم‬ ‫المادة الرابعة‬
Capital Investment and Free Zones
is hereby repealed. Any other
‫شأن استثمار المال العربي والمناطق‬
provision contrary to what is stated ‫ ويستمر تمتذ المشروعات التي‬.‫الحرة‬
in the present law is also repealed. ‫سبق قرارها ف ظله بما تقرر لها من‬
‫الحقوق والمزايا المنصوص عليها ف هىا‬
Projects approved under said law
shall continue to enjoy the rights ‫ هما المشروعات التي سبق‬.‫القانون‬
and privileges specified thereunder. ‫ لسنة‬56 ‫قرارها قبل العمل بالقانون رقم‬
Projects approved prior to the ‫ المشار ليه فيستمر تمتعها‬4794
implementation of Law No. 65 of ‫بالمزايا والضمانات التي كانت مقررة لها‬
1971 shall continue to enjoy the
privileges and guarantees granted to .‫قبل تاريخ العمل بالقانون المشار ليه‬
such projects prior to the coming
into force of said law.
Art 5 This Law shall be published in ،‫ينشر هىا القانون ف الجريدة الرسمية‬ ‫المادة الخامسة‬
the Official Gazette and will ‫ يبصم هىا‬.‫ويعمل به من تاريخ نشره‬
receive the seal of the State and
‫ وينفى كقانون من‬،‫القانون بخاتم الدولة‬
shall come into force from the
date of its publication. 32 ‫ صدر برئاسة الجمهورية ف‬.‫قوانينها‬
]4793 ‫ يونيه‬47[ 4473 ‫جماد األول‬

Law No. 43 of 1974 has been amended by ‫المواد المعدلة والمستحدثة وفق هحكام القانون رقم‬
Law No. 32 of 1977 (the “Amending Law”). 34 ‫ تم دماجها ف القانون رقم‬4799 ‫ لسنة‬43
The following text of Law No. 43
incorporates all changes made by Articles I-4
‫ فيما عدا المادتين الخامسة‬،4793 ‫لسنة‬
of The Amending Law, which changes are set ،4799 ‫ لسنة‬43 ‫والسادسة من القانون رقم‬
forth in bold type. Articles 5,6,7 and 8 of the .‫فيرجذ بشأنها ل ن هىا القانون المرفق‬
Amending Law do not effect changes in the
text of Law No. 43 and are set forth in Annex
A hereto.

Chapter One ‫الفصل اموا‬

Investment of Arab and Foreign ‫ف ا تثمار رأس الماا العربي‬
Capital ‫وامجنبي‬
Art 1 The term “Project” in the application

of the provisions of this Law shall
mean any activity included within
any of the spheres therein specified
and approved by the Board of
Directors of the General Authority
for Investment and Free Zone.
‫يقصد بالمشروع ف تطبيق هحكام هىا‬ 4 ‫مادة‬
‫القانون كل نشاط يدخل ف ه من‬
‫المجاالت المقررة فيه ويوافق عليه‬
‫مجلس دارة الهيئة العامة لالستثمار‬
.‫والمناطق الحرة‬
Art 2 The term “Invested Capital” in the

application of the provisions of this
Law shall be deemed to mean the
following:
‫يعتبر ماال مستثمرا ف تطبيق هحكام هىا‬ 3 ‫مادة‬
:‫القانون‬

I Free foreign currency duly ‫النقد األجنبي الحر المحول لجمهورية‬ -4

transferred to the Arab Republic of
Egypt through a bank registered at ‫مصر العربية عن طريق هحد البنوك‬
the Central Bank of Egypt for ‫المسجلة لد البن المركز المصر‬
utilization in the execution or ‫الستخدامه ف تنفيى هحد المشروعات هو‬
expansion of a project.
.‫التوسذ فيها‬
ii Machinery, equipment, transportation ‫اآلالت والمعدات ووسائل النقل والمواد األولية‬ -3

equipment, raw materials and ‫والمستلزمات السلعية المستوردة من الخارج‬
commodity requirements imported
،‫والالزمة إلقامة المشروعات هو التوسذ فيها‬
from abroad and necessary for the
establishment or expansion of the ‫بشرط هن تكون متفقة مذ التطورات الفنية‬
project, provided that such are ‫ مالم يقرر‬.‫الحديثة ولم يسبق استعمالها‬
compatible with modern ‫مجلس دارة الهيئة االستثناء من هىا الشرط‬
technological developments and have
not been previously used, unless the
Authority’s Board of Directors grants
exemption from such condition.

iii Intangible assets, such as patents and ‫الحقوق المعنوية كبراءات االختراع والعالمات‬ -4
trade marks registered with member ‫التجارية المسجلة ف دولة من دول االتحاد‬
states of the International Convention
‫الدولي للملكية الصناعية هو وفقا لقواعد‬
for the Protection of Industrial
Property, or in accordance with the ‫التسجيل الدولية التي تضمنتها االتفاقيات‬
rules of international registration ‫الدولية المعقودة ف هىا الشأن والمملوكة‬
contained in the international ‫للمقيمين ف الخارج والتي تتعلق‬
conventions concluded in this respect .‫بالمشروعات‬
and held by residents abroad and
pertaining to the projects.
iv The free foreign currency spent on ‫ كمصىىروفات‬،‫النقىىد األجنبىىي الحىىر الىىى ينفىىق‬ -3
preliminary studies, research, and
‫الدراسىىات األوليىىة والبحىىوأ والتأسىىيس التىىي‬
incorporation and assumed by the
investor within the limits approved ‫تكبىىىدها المسىىىتثمر فىىى الحىىىدود التىىىي يعتمىىىدها‬
by the Authority’s Board of .‫مجلس دارة الهيئة‬
Directors.

v Profits realized by the project if ‫األرباا التي يحققها المشروع كا زيد بها‬ -6
utilized in increasing its capital or if ‫رهسماله هو كا استثمرت ف مشروع آخر‬
invested in another project,
conditional on the approval of the
‫بشرط موافقة مجلس دارة الهيئة ف‬
Authority’s Board of Directors in .‫الحالتين‬
both cases.
vi The free foreign currency transferred ‫النقد األجنبي الحر المحول ل جمهورية‬ -5
to the Arab Republic of Egypt ‫مصر العربية عن طريق هحد البنوك المسجلة‬
through a bank registered at the
‫لد البن المركز المصر والى يستخدم‬
Central Bank of Egypt and utilized to
subscribe to Egyptian stock or to ‫ف االكتتاب ف األوراق المالية المصرية هو‬
purchase same from the stock ‫شرائها من هسواق األوراق المالية ف‬
exchange in the Arab Republic of ‫جمهورية مصر العربية وكل طبقا للقواعد‬
Egypt in accordance with the rules .‫ل يقررها مجلس دارة الهيئة‬
adopted by the Authority’s Board of
Directors.

iii The free foreign currency transferred ‫النقد األجنبي الحر المحول ل‬ -9
to the Arab Republic of Egypt
through a bank registered at the ‫جمهورية مصر العربية عن طريق هحد‬
Central Bank of Egypt and utilized in ‫البنوك المسجلة لد البن المركز‬
purchasing land whether vacant or ‫المصر والمستخدم ف شراء ارض‬
not, for the construction of buildings
thereon pursuant to the provisions of ‫فضاء هو عليها مبان لتشييد عقارات‬
this Law, even if purchased before ‫عليها طبقا ً ألحكام هىا القانون ولو كان‬
obtaining the Board of Directors’ ‫شراؤها قبل الحصول عل موافقة‬
approval as long as the act of
purchase was effected according to ‫مجلس دارة الهيئة مت كان الشراء قد‬
the prevailing Laws and on a date ‫تم طبقا للقوانين النافىة وف تاريخ‬
subsequent to the entering into force ‫ لسنة‬56 ‫الحق عل سريان القانون رقم‬
of Law No. 65 of 1971.
.4794
The valuation of the invested capital ‫ويكون تقويم المال المستثمر المشار‬
referred to in items 2,3 and 4 shall be ‫ بموافقة مجلس‬3 ،4 ،3 ‫ليه ف البنود‬
subject to the approval of the
Authority’s Board of Directors and ‫دارة الهيئة طبقا ً للقواعد واإلجراءات‬
shall be made in accordance with the .‫التي تحددها الالئحة التنفيىية‬
rules and procedures which shall be
specified in the executive regulations.

Art 2 Invested capital shall be transferred ‫يىىىتم تحويىىىل المىىىال المسىىىتثمر لىىىي جمهوريىىىة‬ 3 ‫مادة‬
to, and exported from, the Arab ‫مصر العربية و عىادة تصىديره وكىىل تحويىل‬ ‫مكرر‬
Republic of Egypt, and profits
‫األرباا المحققة لىي الخىارج وفقىا لحكىام هىىا‬
generated therefrom shall be
transferred in foreign currency abroad ‫القانون وكل بأعل سعر معلن للنقىد األجنبىي‬
in accordance with the provisions of ‫القابىىل للتحويىىل بواسىىطة السىىلطات المصىىرية‬
this Law, at the highest rate ‫المختصة‬
prevailing and declared for free ‫ويسر حكم الفقرة السابقة عل المال‬
foreign currency by the competent ‫المستثمر الالزم لشراء األراضي والعقارات‬
Egyptian authorities.
The provisions of the preceding
‫التي تمثيل جزءا متكامال من األصول‬
paragraph shall apply to land and ‫الرهسمالية للمشروعات التي تقرها الهيئة‬
property that represent an integral .‫لالستثمار والمناطق الحرة‬
part of the capital assets of the
projects approved by the General
Authority for Investment and the Free
Zones.

Art 3 The investment of Arab and Foreign ‫يكون استثمار المال العربي واألجنبي ف‬ ‫مادة‬
capital in the Arab Republic of Egypt ‫جمهورية مصر العربية لتحقيق ههداف التنمية‬ 3
shall be for the purpose of realizing the
‫االقتصادية واالجتماعية ف طار الساسة‬
objectives of economic and social
development within the framework of the ‫العامة للدول وخطتها القومية عل هن يكون‬
State’s general policy and national plan, ‫كل ف المشروعات التي تتطلب خبرات‬
provided that the investment is made in ‫عالمية ف مجاالت التطوير الحديثة هو تحتاج‬
projects in need of international expertise ‫ل رؤوس هموال هجنبية وف نطاق القوائم‬
in the spheres of modern development or ‫التي تعدها الهيئة ويعتمدها مجلس الوزراء‬
in projects requiring foreign capital. The
projects, contained in the lists to be
:‫وكل ف المجاالت اآلتية‬
prepared by the Authority and approved
by the Council of Ministers, shall be in
the following fields:
I Industrialization, mining, energy, ‫التصنيذ والتعدين والطاقة والسباحة والنقل‬ -4

tourism, transportation, and other fields ‫وغيرها من المجاالت‬

3- Reclamation of barren land and ‫استصىىىىىالا األراضىىىىىي البىىىىىور والصىىىىىحراوية‬ -3

cultivation thereof under long-term ‫ ومشىىىىروعات تنميىىىىة اإلنتىىىىاج‬،‫واسىىىىتزراعها‬
tenancy not exceeding 50 years, with a
.‫الحيواني والثروة المائية‬
possible renewal on the proposal of the
Authority and approval of the Council of ‫ويكون استصالا األراضي البور والصحراوية‬
Ministers for an additional 50 years, and ‫واستزراعها بطريق اإليجار طويل األجل الى‬
projects for developing animal ‫ يجوز مدها ل مدة هو‬،‫ال يجاوز خمسين عاما‬
production and water wealth. ‫ وكل‬، ‫مدد ال تجاوز خمسين عاما هخر‬
‫بموافقة مجلس الوزراء بناء عل اقتراا‬
.‫الهيئة‬

iii- Projects for housing and for urban ‫ ومشىىىروعات االمتىىىداد‬،‫مشىىىروعات اإلسىىىكان‬ -4
development, by which is meant ‫ ويقصد بها االسىتثمارات فى تقسىيم‬،‫العمراني‬
investment in the division of land into
‫األراضي وتشييد مبان جديىدة و قامىة المرافىق‬
parcels and the construction of new
buildings together with the public .‫المتعلقة بها‬
utilities connected therewith.
The purchase of a building already in ‫وال يعتبر شراء مبن قائم فعال هو هرض فضاء‬
existence or of vacant land is not to be ‫مشروعا ف مفهوم هحكام هىا القانون ال كا‬
deemed to be a “project” in the context
‫كان كل بقصد البناء هو عادة البناء وليس‬
of the provisions of this Law unless
intended for construction or for ‫بقصد عادة البيذ لالستفادة من الزيادة ف‬
rebuilding and not for the purpose of ‫القيمة السوقية دون خالل بقواعد التصرف‬
resale in order to benefit from an ‫ف المال المستثمر و عادة تصديره‬
increase in market value, without ‫المنصوص عليها ف هىا القانون ويشترط هن‬
prejudice however to the regulations ‫يتم البناء فعال خالل المدة التي يحددها مجلس‬
governing the disposal and re-export of
‫دارة الهيئة ودون التزام من الدولة بإخالء‬
invested capital contained in this Law.
The building has to be completed within .‫تل العقارات‬
the period specified by the Authority's
Board of Directors, with no obligation on
the part of the State to vacate such real
property

iv- Investment companies which aim at ‫شركات االستثمار التي تهدف ل توظيف‬ -3
utilizing funds in the fields enumerated ‫األموال ف المجاالت المنصوص عليها ف هىا‬
in this Law.
.‫القانون‬
v- Investment banks and merchant banks ‫بنوك االستثمار وبنوك األعمال وشركات‬ -6
and reinsurance companies whose ‫عادة التأمين التي يقتصر نشاطها عل‬
activities shall be confined to transaction
‫ ولها هن‬،‫العمليات التي تتم بالعمالت الحرة‬
effected in free currencies. The
aforementioned banks and companies are ‫تقوم بالعمليات التمويلية االستثمارية بنفسها‬
entitled to directly undertake financing ‫سواء تعلقت بمشروعات ف المناطق الحرة‬
and investment operations, whether they ‫هو بمشروعات محلية هو مشتركة هو هجنبية‬
are in projects in the free zones or for ‫ وكىل‬،‫مقامة داخل جمهورية مصر العربية‬
local, joint or foreign projects established ‫لها هن تقوم بتمويل عمليات تجارة مصر‬
within the Arab Republic of Egypt. They
may also finance Egyptian foreign trade
.‫الخارجية‬
transactions.

vi- Banks engaging in local currency ‫البنوك التي تقوم بعمليات بالعملة المحلية مت‬ -5
transactions, so long as they are in the ‫كانت ف صورة مشروعات مشتركة مذ‬
form of joint ventures in which local
Egyptian capital holds at least 51%
‫رهسمال محل مملوك لمصريين ال تقل نسبته‬
.%64 ‫ف جميذ األحوال عن‬
vii- Construction activities in regions outside ‫نشاط التعمير ف المناطق الخارجة عن الرقعة‬ -9
the agricultural area and the perimeters .‫الزراعية ونطاق المدن الحالية‬
of existing cities.

viii- Construction contracting activities ‫نشاط المقاوالت التي تقوم به شركات مساهمة‬ -2
undertaken by Joint Stock Companies in ‫ال تقل مشاركة رهس المال المصر فيها عن‬
which there is a 50% minimum Egyptian
capital participation.
.‫خمسين ف المائة‬
ix- Technical consultant activities in the ‫بيوت الخبرة الفنية المتخىة شكل شركة‬ -7
form of Joint Stock Companies in ‫مساهمة بالمشاركة مذ بيوت الخبرة األجنبية‬
partnership with foreign international
consultant firms subject to their being
‫العالمية كا كان يتعلق بأ من المشروعات‬
related to any projects in the project ‫الداخلة ف المجاالت المشار ليها والتي تعتبر‬
areas mentioned herein, their activity ‫هىه الخبرة من مقتضياته وبشرط موافقة‬
being essential to the project, and to the ‫مجلس دارة الهيئة ف كل حالة عل حدة‬
approval of the Authority’s Board of ‫عل هن يمس لكل عملية حساب خاص وفقا‬
Directors. Each operation is to have a ‫للنظام الى يقدره وزير االقتصاد ويوافق‬
special account in conformity with the
system defined by the Minister of
.‫عليه مجلس دارة الهيئة‬
Economy and Economic Cooperation
and approved by the Board of Directors
of the Authority.

Special priority shall be given to those ‫وتمنح هولوية خاصة للمشروعات التي تهدف‬
projects which are designed to generate ‫ل التصدير هو تنشيط السياحة هو التي تؤد‬
exports, encourage tourism, or reduce
the need to import basic commodities, as
‫ل خفض الحاجة ل استيراد السلذ‬
well as to projects which make use of ‫األساسية وكىل المشروعات التي تحتاج ل‬
patents or trade marks of worldwide ‫خبرات فنية متقدمة هو ل االستفادة من‬
reputation. ‫براءات اختراع هو عالمات تجارية كات‬
.‫شهرة خاصة‬
Art 4 The capital invested in the Arab ‫ يتم توظيف المال المستثمر ف جمهورية‬3 ‫مادة‬
Republic of Egypt under the provisions ‫مصر العربية طبقا ألحكام هىا القانون ف‬
of this Law shall take the form of
‫صورة مشاركة مذ رهس المال المصر العام‬
participation with pubic or private
Egyptian capital in such fields and under ‫هو الخاص ف المجاالت وبالشروط واألوضاع‬
such terms and conditions as are set ‫ من هىا‬3،4 ‫المنصوص عليها ف المادتين‬
forth in Articles 2 and 3 of the present .‫القانون‬
law. By way of exception from the : ‫وا تثنام مما تقد‬
above:

a) Housing projects, constructed for the ‫تقصر مشروعات اإلسكان التي تقام بغرض‬ ]‫[ا‬
purpose of investment, may be ‫االستثمار عل رهس المال العربي دون‬
undertaken only by Arab capital; foreign
capital may not undertake housing
‫ منفردا هو باالشتراك مذ رهس المال‬،‫األجنبي‬
projects even in participation with . ‫المصر‬
Egyptian capital.
The term “Arab invested capital” shall ‫ويقصد بالمال العربي المستثمر المال‬
mean such capital as is owned by a ‫المملوك لشخ طبيع يتمتذ بجنسية احد‬
natural person having the nationality of
‫الدول العربية او لشخ اعتبار يكون‬
an Arab country, or a juridical person,
provided that the majority of its capital ‫اغلبية ملكية رهسماله لمواطن دولة عربية‬
shall be held by citizens of one or more .‫هو هكثر‬
Arab countries.

b) Arab or foreign capital may operate ‫يجوز ان ينفرد رهس المال العرب هو األجنبى‬ ]‫[ب‬
without local participation in investment ‫ف ى مجىىاالت بنىىوك االسىىتثمار وبنىىوك االعمىىال‬
banks and merchant banks whose
activities are confined to transactions
‫الت يقتصىر نشىاطها على العمليىات التى تىتم‬
effected in free currencies so long as ‫بىىىالعمالت الحىىىرة متىىى كانىىىت فروعىىىا تابعىىىة‬
they take the form of branches of forms .‫لمؤسسات مركزها الرئيس بالخارج‬
the principal offices of which are
situated abroad.
c) The Authority’s Board of Directors, by a ‫يجوز ان ينفرد رهس المال العرب هو األجنبى‬ ]‫[ج‬
two third majority vote of its members, ‫ف ى المجىىاالت االخىىر المنصىىوص عليهىىا ف ى‬
may approve the investment of Arab or
‫المادة الثالثة التى يوافىق عليهىا مجلىس ادارة‬
foreign capital without local
participation in the other fields .‫الهيئة بأغلبية ثلث اصوات اعضائه‬
specified in Article 3.

Art 5 Real estate may not be expropriated for ‫ ال يجوز نزع ملكية عقارات القامة‬6 ‫مادة‬
the purpose of building investment ‫مشروعات استثمارية عليها اال اكا تقرر‬
projects unless such is deemed to be a
public utility pursuant to the Law.
‫اعتبار تل المشروعات من هعمال المنفعة‬
‫العامة طبقا ً للقانون‬
Art 6 Irrespective of the nationality or ‫ تتمتذ المشروعات المقبولة في جمهورية‬5 ‫مادة‬

domicile of their owners, projects in the ‫مصر العربية وفقا الحكام هىا القانون وايا‬
Arab Republic of Egypt approved under
‫كانت جنسية مالكيها او محال اقامتهم‬
the provisions of this Law shall enjoy
the guarantees and privileges set forth in ‫بالضمانات المزايا المنصوص عليها في هىا‬
this Law. ‫القانون‬
Subject to the Authority's approval ‫كما تتمتذ المشروعات الت تنشأ بأموال‬
according to its rules and regulations, ‫مصرية مملوكة لمصريين في احد المجاالت‬
projects established in any area of the
‫) من هىا‬4( ‫المنصوص عليها في المادة‬
areas set forth in Article 3 entirely with
Egyptian capital and owned by Egyptian ‫القانون بالمزايا واالعفاءات الواردة في‬
nationals shall enjoy the privileges and ‫ منه‬42 ،49 ،45 ،46 ،43 ،7 ‫المواد‬
exemptions set forth in Articles 9, 14, ‫وكل بشرط موافقة الهيئة طبقا للقواعد‬
15, 16, 17 and 18. .‫وباالجراءات المنصوص عليها فيه‬

Subject to the Authority's approval, such ‫وتسر االعفاءات المشار اليها عل شركات‬
exemptions shall apply to Joint Stock ‫المساهمة القائمة وقت العمل بهىا القانون في‬
companies existing at the time of the
enactment of this law within the limit of
‫حدود ما تستحدثه عن طريق زيادة راس‬
new expansion in fields approved in the ‫المال باكتتاب نقد من انشاءات في مجال‬
Law through an increase in capital by ‫من المجاالت المنصوص عليها في هىا‬
cash subscription. .‫القانون بشرط موافقة الهيئة‬
Subject to the Authority’s approval ‫كمىىىا تتمتىىىذ المشىىىروعات التىىى تنشىىىأ بىىىأموال‬
according to its rules and regulations, ‫مصرية مملوكىة لمصىريين فى احىد المجىاالت‬
projects established in any area of the
‫] مىىىن هىىىىا‬4[ ‫المنصىىىوص عليهىىىا فىىى المىىىادة‬
areas set forth in Article 3 entirely with
Egyptian Capital and owned by ‫القانون بالمزايا واالعفاءات واردة ف المىواد‬
Egyptian nationals shall enjoy the ‫ منىىىه وكلىىى بشىىىرط‬7،43،46،45،49،42
privileges and exemptions set forth in ‫موافقىىىة الهيئىىىة طبقىىىا للقواعىىىد وبىىىاالجراءات‬
Articles 9,14,15,16,17 and 18 .‫المنصوص عليها فيه‬
Subject to the Authority’s approval, ‫وتسر االعفاءات المشار اليها عل شىركات‬

such exemptions shall apply to Joint ‫المسىاهمة القائمىىة وقىىت العمىىل بهىىىكا القىىانون‬
Stock companies existing at the time of
the enactment of this law within the
‫ف حدود ماستستجدثه عن طريق زيادة رهس‬
limit of new expansion in fields ‫المىىال باكتتىىاب نقىىد مىىن انشىىاءات ف ى مجىىال‬
approved in the Law through an increase ‫مىىىن المجىىىاالت المنصىىىوص عليهىىىا فىىى هىىىىا‬
in capital by cash subscription. .‫القانون بشرط موافقة الهيئة‬

Art7 Projects may not be nationalized or .‫ال يجوز تأميم المشروعات هو مصادرتها‬ 9 ‫مادة‬
confiscated. ‫واليجوز الحجز عل هموال هىىه المشىروعات‬
The assets of such projects cannot be
seized, blocked, confiscated or
‫هو تجميىدها هو مصىىادرتها هو فىرض الحراسىىة‬
sequestrated except by judicial . ‫عليها عن غير الطريق القضائ‬
procedures.
Art8 Investment disputes in respect of the ‫ تتم تسوية منازعات االستثمار المتعلقة بتنفي‬2 ‫مادة‬
implementation of the provisions of this ‫احكام هىا القىانون بالطريقىة التى يىتم االتفىاق‬
Law shall be settled in a manner to be
‫عليهىىا مىىذ المسىىتثمر هو ف ى اطىىار االتفاقيىىات‬
agreed upon with the investor, or within
the framework of the agreements in ‫السارية بىين جمهوريىة مصىر العربيىة ودولىة‬
force between the Arab Republic of ‫المستثمر او ف اطار اتفاقية تسوية منازعات‬
Egypt and the investor’s home country, ‫االستثمار بين الدولة ومواطن الدول االخر‬
or within the framework of the ‫الت ى انضىىمت اليهىىا جمهوريىىة مصىىر العربيىىة‬
Convention for the Settlement of ‫ فىى‬4794 ‫ لسىىنة‬79 ‫بموجىىب القىىانون رقىىم‬
Investment Disputes between the State
.‫االحوال الت تسر فيها‬
and the nationals of other countries to
which Egypt has adhered by virtue of
Law No. 90 of 1971, where such Law
applies.

Disputes may be settled through ‫ويجوز االتفاق عل ان تتم تسوية المنازعىات‬

arbitration. An Arbitration Board shall ‫ وتشىىكل الجنىىة التحكىىيم مىىن‬،‫بطريىىق التحكىىيم‬
be constituted, comprising a member on
behalf of each disputing party and a
‫عضو عن كل من طرف النىزاع وعضىو ثالى‬
third member acting as chairman to be ‫مىىىىىىرجح يتفىىىىىىق علىىىىىى اختيىىىىىىاره العضىىىىىىوان‬
jointly named by the said two members. ‫ فىان لىم يتفقىىا على اختيىاره خىىالل‬،‫المىىكوران‬
Failing agreement on the nomination of ‫ثالثىىىين يمىىىا مىىىن تعيىىىين آخرهمىىىا يىىىتم اختيىىىار‬
the third member within thirty days of ‫العضىىىىو المىىىىرجح بنىىىىاء علىىىى طلىىىىب ه مىىىىن‬
the appointment of the second member, ‫الطىىرفين بقىىرار مىىن المجلىىس االعلى للهيئىىات‬
the chairman shall be chosen, at the
‫القضىىىائية مىىىن بىىىين المستشىىىارين بالهيئىىىىات‬
request of either party by the Supreme
Council of Judicial Bodies from among .‫القضائية بجمهورية مصر العربية‬
counselors of the judiciary in the Arab
Republic of Egypt.
The Arbitration Board shall lay down its ‫وتضىىىىذ لجنىىىىة التحكىىىىيم قواعىىىىد االجىىىىراءاءت‬
rules of procedure unrestricted by the ‫الخاصىىىىىة بهىىىىىا دون التقيىىىىىد بقواعىىىىىد قىىىىىانون‬
rules contained in the Civil and
‫المرافعات المدنية والتجارية اال مىا تعىق منهىا‬
Commercial Code of Procedures, save
the rules which relate to the basic ‫بالضمانات والمبادئ االساسية للتقاضى على‬
guarantees and principles of litigation. ‫ان تراع ى اللجنىىة سىىرعة البىىت ف ى المنازعىىة‬
The Board shall see to it that the dispute ‫وتصىىىدر قىىىرارات اللجنىىىة بأغلبيىىىة االصىىىوات‬
is expediently resolved. Awards shall ‫وتكون نهائية وملزمة للطرفين وقابلة للتنفيى‬
be rendered by majority vote and shall .‫شأنها شأن االحكام النهائية‬
be final and binding on both parties and
‫وتحىىدد لجنىىة التحكىىيم مىىن يتحمىىل مصىىاريف‬
enforceable as any other final judgment.
The Arbitration Board shall decide on .‫التحكيم‬
the costs of Arbitration and shall
determine who shall bear such costs.

Rewrite the following text correcting any graphological, graphetic, lexical and/or syntactic
deviation from the norms set for legal documents:
Penalties Regulations
Part I : General Rules.

Part II : Inquiry procedures, authority for penalty and disciplinary penalty.
Part III : Imposition of penalty and its consequences.
Part IV : Aggravating circumstances for penalty.
Part V : Statement of disobediences and penalties.
Article 1 : “The Bank”, “The Board”, “The Managing Director”, “The Employee” and
Employees” terms used in these regulations have the same meanings and
definitions stipulated in Article 1 of Part I of the Personnel Regulations
authenticated by the Bank’s Board in its meeting held on June 21, 1976 and
hereinafter called “Personnel Regulations”.
Article 2 : All the Bank’s staff, whether appointed pursuant to a limited or unlimited
contract period, are subject to provisions of these regulations excepting individuals
mentioned in paragraph (2) of Article 3 of Part I of the “Personnel Regulation”.
Article 3 : Provisions of the Labor Law No. 91/1959, its amendments and executive
ministerial decrees are to be applied in cases not stipulated in these regulations.
Article 4 : These regulations, related amendments, as well as any executive or
complementary systems and rules which could be issued by the Bank; are
considered an indivisible part of the work contract signed by the employees.

Study The Following Expressions and Terminology:
...(shall be) governed by the attached law. .....‫يعمل بأحكام القانون المرافق بشمن‬
Matters not covered by this law shall be ‫تطبق هحكام القوانين واللوائح المعمول بها ف كل‬
subject to the applicable laws and regulations. .‫خاص ف القانون المرافق‬ ‫ما لم يرد فيه ن‬
Or Better:
Where no special provision is made the
applicable laws and regulations shall be
enforced.
.......shall issue the Executive Regulations ‫الالئحة التنفيىية اهىا القانون وكل‬ ‫يصدر‬
implementing this law within three months ..... ‫خالل ثالثة هشهر من‬
of.......
law no.............of ........... shall hereby be .....‫ لسنة‬... ‫يلل القانون رقم‬
repealed
projects approved under said Law shall ‫يستمر تمتذ المشروعات التي بن إقرارها ف‬
continue to enjoy the rights and privileges ‫ظلخ بما تقرر لها من الحقوق والمزايا المنصوج‬
specified thereunder.
‫هليها ف ه ا القانون‬
This law shall be published in the Official ‫ينشر ه ا القانون ف ال ريدة الر مية ويعمل بخ من‬
Gazette and shall come into force from date ‫تاريخ نشرة ويبصخ ه ا القانون بخاتخ الدولة وينف‬
of publication and shall receive the Seal of
‫كقانون من قوانينها‬
the State and shall be implemented as a State
Law.
The term “.........” shall, in the application of .......‫ في تطبيق هحكام هىا القانون‬....‫يقصد بـ‬
the provisions of this Law, mean ....
.......shall, in the application of the provisions ...‫ ف تطبيق هحكام هىا القانون‬....‫يعتبر‬
of this Law, be deemed to mean.......
intangible assets ‫الحقوق المعنوية‬
patents and trade marks ‫براءات االختراع والعالمات التجارية‬
International Convention for the Protection of ‫االتفاقية الدولية لحماية الملكية الصناعية‬
Industrial Property

Incorporation ‫التم يح‬

- articles of association ‫ نظام هو قانون الشركة األساسي‬-
- memorandum of association ‫ عقد تأسيس شركة‬-
‫ مىكرة اتفاق هو الئحته‬-
- articles of agreement
to subscribe to Egyptian Stock or to purchase ‫يكتتب ف األوراق المالية المصرية هو يشتر ها‬
same from the Stock Exchange. ‫من هسواق األوراق المالية‬
(land whether vacant or built) for the ‫(هرض فضاء هو عليها مبان) لتشييد عقارات هليها‬
construction of buildings thereon pursuant
.‫ربقا محكام هىا القانون‬
to the provision of this Law
Valuation of invested capital ‫تقويم المال المستثمر‬
profits generated therefrom shall be ‫تحويل األرباا المحققة ل الخارج‬
transferred abroad.
the highest rate prevailing & declared .‫هعل سعر معلن‬
The provision of the preceding paragraph ‫ويسرى حكم الفقرة السابقة هل‬
shall apply to
reclamation of barren land and cultivation ‫استصالا األراضي البور واستزراعها‬
thereof.
long-term tenancy. ‫اإليجار طويل األجل‬
the construction of new buildings together ‫تشييد مبان جديدة و قامة المرافق المتعلقة بها‬
with the utilities connected therewith
a building already in existence ‫مبن قائم فعال‬
in the context of the provisions of this Law ‫ف مفهوم هحكام هىا القانون‬
with no obligation on the part of the State to ‫دون التزام من الدولة بإخالء تل العقارات‬
vacate such real property
merchant banks ‫بنوك األعمال‬
to directly undertake financing & investment ‫تقو بالعمليات التمويلية و االستثمارية بنفسها‬
operations.
Joint ventures ‫مشروعات مشتركة‬

the perimeters of existing cities ‫نطاق المدن الحالية‬

technical consultant activities ‫نشاط بيوت الخبرة الفنية‬
in partnership with ....... ....‫بالمشاركة مذ‬
projects designed to generate exports ‫إل التصدير‬ ‫المشروعات التي تهد‬
by way of exception from the above ‫واستثناء مما تقدم‬
natural person ‫طبيعي‬ ‫شخ‬
artificial or judicial or juridical person ) ‫اعتبار (هو معنو‬ ‫شخ‬
....may operate without local participation ‫يجوز هن ينفرد (رهس المال العربي هو األجنبي) ف‬
in... .....‫مجاالت‬
an increase in capital by cash subscription. ..... ‫زيادة رهس المال باكتتاب نقد‬
The assets of such projects may not be seized, ‫ال يجوز الحجز عل هموال هىه المشروعات هو‬
blocked, confiscated or sequestrated except ‫تجميدها هو مصادرتها هو فرض الحراسة عليها‬
by judicial procedures.
.‫عن غير الطريق القضائي‬
The agreements in force ‫االتفاقيات السارية‬
failing agreement on ‫ن لم يتم االتفاق عل‬
justice delayed is justice denied ‫تأخير العدالة كجحودها‬
Law Society OR Bar Association ‫نقابة المحاميين‬
barrister )‫محام (مرافعة) ف ( نجلترا‬
solicitor ‫جراء‬ ‫محام‬
)‫ ال يختلف عنه‬Law agent ‫(وكيل قضايا‬
lawyer ‫ يمارس‬،‫ مجاز ف علم القانون‬،‫محام قانوني‬
‫المهنة القانونية‬

‫‪adjective law‬‬ ‫قانون شكلي هو هجرائي‪:‬‬

‫تقتصر هحكامه عل تنظيم قواعد المرافعات هو‬
‫اإلجراءات القانونية‪ ،‬يقابله ما يعرف بــ‬
‫‪substantive law‬‬ ‫القانون الموضوعي‬
‫ويتناول بيان الحقوق وقواعد تنفيىها وصيانتها‬
‫وهيلولتها‪.‬‬
‫‪procedural law‬‬ ‫قانون مرافعات (مدنية)‪ ،‬قانون هجرائي‬
‫‪Positive law‬‬ ‫قانون وضعي‬
‫‪man-made law‬‬
‫‪disbar‬‬ ‫(ف نجلترا) تجريد المحام (‪) Barrister‬من‬
‫حقوق المهنة‪ ،‬شطب اسمه من سجالت المحاميين‪،‬‬
‫طرده من الجمعية هو النقابة (همريكا)‪ ،‬لغاء هو‬
‫شطب رخصته (من قبل المحكمة المختصة)‬
‫‪the dispute is expediently resolved‬‬ ‫سرعة البت ف المنازعة‪..‬‬
‫‪Awards shall be rendered by majority vote‬‬ ‫تصدر قرارات لجنة التحكيم بأغلبية األصوات‬
‫‪and shall be final and binding on both parties‬‬ ‫وتكون نهائية وملزمة للطرفين وقابلة للتنفيى‬
‫‪and enforceable as any other final judgment‬‬
‫شأنها شأن األحكام النهائية‪.‬‬
‫)‪irrespective of the legal nature (or legal form‬‬ ‫هيا كانت الطبيعة القانونية هو الشكل القانوني لـ‪...‬‬
‫‪of.........‬‬
‫‪Companies enjoying the provisions of the‬‬ ‫الشركات المنتفعة بأحكام هىا القانون‪....‬‬
‫‪Law.‬‬
‫‪partnerships‬‬ ‫شركات التوصية باألسهم‪....‬‬
‫‪limited liability companies‬‬ ‫الشركات كات المسئولية المحدودة‬
‫‪The General Organization for Social‬‬ ‫الهيئة العامة للتأمينات االجتماعية‬
‫‪Insurance.‬‬

....shall be exempted from the provisions of ....‫لسنة‬... ‫من هحكام القانون رقم‬.... ‫يستثن‬
law no... of ....
limiting the remuneration of ...to a maximum ....‫عن‬...‫عدم جواز زيادة ما يتقاضاه‬
of ....
undertaking any private activity, directly or ‫القيام بأ عمل من هعمال المهن الحرة بال ات هو‬
through an intermediary.... ‫الواسطة‬
if the (m.) was involved in licensing the ‫بإقامة‬ ‫كا كان لـ(الوزير) شأن ف الترخي‬
establishment of these projects... ‫المشروعات‬
the General Assembly..... ‫الجمعية العمومية‬
without prejudice to the provisions of .... ...)‫مذ مراعاة حكم (المادة‬
Law on Banks & Credit .....‫قانون البنوك واالئتمان‬
Exchange Control.... ...‫الرقابة عل (عمليات) النقد‬
on the credit side of such account shall be ‫يقيد بالجانب الدائن من هىا الحساب رصيد رهس‬
entered the balance of the capital paid in ‫المال المدفوع بالعمالت األجنبية‬
foreign currencies.
The proceeds of the visible and invisible ‫حصيلة صادرات المشروع المنظورة وغير‬
exports of the enterprise ‫المنظورة‬
Certified Accountant ‫محاسب معترف به‬
Chartered Accountant )‫محاسب قانوني (محلف‬
The statement shall be certified by a .............. )‫يكون البيان معتمدا من (هحد المحاسبين القانونين‬
directly or through a third party ‫بىاتها هو عن طريق الغير‬
Registry of Exporters ‫سجل المصدرين‬
without prejudice to more favorable tax ‫مذ عدم اإلخالل بأية عفاءات ضريبية هفضل‬
exemptions provided for in any other Law ‫مقررة ف ه قانون آخر‬
the taxes appendent thereto ‫الضرائب الملحقة بها‬

the tax on the revenues from moveable ‫يرادات القيم المنقولة‬ ‫الضريبة عل‬
capital
and as the case may be....... .... ‫ويحسب األحوال‬
the general tax on income..... ‫الضريبة العامة عل اإليراد‬
relative to the untaxable proportions (of such ‫بالنسبة لألوعية المعفاة من الضرائب النوعية طبقا‬
profits) as set forth in this provision..... ‫لهىا الن‬
engagement in activities..... ‫مزاولة النشاط‬
the proceeds of the profits ‫عائد األرباا‬
debited to the distribution account ‫يحمل بها حساب التوزيذ‬
retained profits earned during the exemption ‫األرباا المحتجزة المحققة عن فترة اإلعفاء والتي‬
period & distributed after such period has ‫يتم توزيعها بعد انقضائها‬
elapsed.
the annual proportional stamp duty..... ‫رسم التمغة النسبي السنو‬
projects approved under this Law ‫مشروعات مقبولة ف نطاق هحكام هىا القانون‬
Customs duties and any other taxes or dues... ‫الضرائب والرسوم الجمركية وغيرها من الضرائب‬
‫والرسوم‬
granted the privileges of deferred payment or ‫تأجيل استحقاقها (الضرائب) هو تقسيطها‬
installment payments
after the expiration of the tax exemption ‫بعد انقضاء فترة اإلعفاء المنصوص عليها ف‬
period established under Article...... ...‫المادة‬
at the the rate of 5% of the original amount of ‫ من القيمة‬%6 ‫(تعف من الضرائب) بنسبة‬
the taxpayers share in.... .....‫األصلية لحصة الممول‬
Buildings utilized for administrative purposes ‫مباني اإلسكان اإلدار و فوق المتوسط‬
& above the average housing
the rules limiting rents ....‫نظام تحديد القيمة االيجارية‬
laws governing rental of premises ‫القوانين الخاصة بإيجارات األماكن‬
gross earnings ..)‫مجموع ما يتقاضاه (الموظف مثال‬
Employment Earnings tax ...‫ضريبة كسب العمل‬

the party concerned may..... ...)‫لصاحب الشأن هن (يطلب الخ‬
the ..... (Board of Directors)may waive this ‫لمجلس دارة الهيئة التجاوز عن هىا الشريط‬
condition....
in accordance with the following: :‫مذ مراعاة األتي‬
subject to the currency regulations in force... ...‫طبقا للقواعد النقدية السارية‬
Net revenue on housing, the rentals of which ‫يحول بالكامل صاف العائد بالنسبة للمساكن التي‬
are paid in free currency, shall be transferable ...‫تدفذ هجرتها بالنقد األجنبي الحر‬
in full.
Up to 8% %2 ‫ف حدود‬
in the sense of the provisions of this Law.... ....‫ف مفهوم هحكام هىا القانون‬
The .........shall have sole competence to ....... .....‫الهيئة وحدها بـ‬ ‫تخت‬
to endorse signatures ...‫يصدق عل التوقيعات‬
endorsement fee... ....‫رسم التصديق‬
The statute of joint stock companies formed ‫يصدر بالنظام األساسي لشركات المساهمة التي‬
under the provisions of this law shall be ‫تنشأ وفقا إلحكام هىا القانون قرار من رئيس‬
promulgated by Decree of the President of
‫الجمهورية‬
the Republic
foremen recruited overseas.... ...‫رؤساء العمال القادمين من الخارج‬
such approval shall lapse ...‫تسقط هىه الموافقة‬
the rules customary in commercial ‫القواعد المعمول بها ف المشروعات التجارية‬
enterprises.
managing director ‫عضو مجلس اإلدارة المنتدب‬
MEMBER ‫هضو‬
adherent member ‫عضو منضم‬
associate member ‫عضو منتسب‬
co-opted member )‫عضو منضم باالختيار (منتدب‬
ex-officio member ‫عضو بحكم المنصب هو الوظيفة‬
life member ‫عضو مد الحياة‬
non-voting member ‫عضو غير مصوت‬
oldest member )‫هقدم األعضاء (عضوية) (هكبرهم سنا‬
ranking member )‫هكبر عضو(مركزا‬
signatory member ‫عضو موقذ‬

the rules governing ingress and egress and ‫قواعد دخال البضائذ و خراجها و قيدها وفح‬
registration of goods, examination of ‫المستندات والمراجعة والنظام الخاص برقابة‬
documents, auditing and controlling as well
‫المنطقة و حراستها وتحصيل الرسوم المستحقة‬
as policing the Zone and collecting leviable
dues.
Engaging in any trade warranted by the ‫ والخدمات‬،‫مزاولة ه مهنة يحتاج إليها النشاط‬
activities or intended for the employees .‫التي يحتاجها العاملون داخل المنطقة‬
within the Zone.
Leftovers, ordinary containers and empty ‫المخلفات والعبوات العادية واألوعية الفارغة‬
receptacles.
Products not fit for export or scraps resulting ‫المنتجات غير الصالحة للتصدير هو العوارية‬
from the manufacturing operations within the .‫المتخلفة من عمليات التصنيذ بالمنطقة الحرة‬
Free Zone.
Employees of the ----- shall possess the ‫يكون للعاملين (بالهيئة) صفة مأمور الضبط‬
capacity of judicial officers within the limits .‫القضائي وكل ف حدود اختصاصهم‬
of their functions.
The Deputy Chairman of the Board, or any ‫ولنائب رئيس مجلس اإلدارة هو من يفوضه هن‬
person so authorized, may request the Public ‫يطلب من النيابة العامة اإلكن بقيام مأمور الضبط‬
Prosecution to authorize the judicial Officers
‫القضائي بتفتيش ه جزء من المنطقة هو بإجراء‬
to inspect any part of the Zone or to conduct
.‫التحقيقات كلما تبين وجود أ باب موجبة ل لك‬
investigation, whenever such is warranted.
Consigned to ‫واردة برسم‬
against all hazards ‫ضد كل الحوادأ‬
The regulations shall fix the charges for ‫تحدد الالئحة مقابل شغال األماكن التي تودع بها‬
occupying areas in which goods are deposited .‫البضائذ‬
Merchant Marine Law ‫قانون التجارة البحر‬

The Egyptian General Corporation for ‫المؤسسة المصرية العامة للنقل البحر‬
Maritime Transport
Where no special provision is made ‫خاص‬ ‫فيما لم يرد بشأنه ن‬
(health) quarantine ‫الحجر الصحي‬
(persons) indigenous or alien ‫(األشخاص) وطنين هو هجانب‬
dividends, ‫األرباا (التي يوزعها المشروع الخ عل‬
e.g. The Company declared a large dividend .)‫المساهمين‬
at the end of the year
inheritance tax ‫ضريبة التركات‬
death duties ‫رسم األيلولة‬
nature & volume of activity ‫طبيعة وحجم النشاط‬
Contracts of Employment concluded with ‫يجب هن يكون عقد العمل المبرم مذ العاملين‬
employees of Egyptian Nationality shall be ‫المتمتعين بالجنسية المصرية محررا باللغة العربية‬
drawn up in triplicate in Arabic, each party
‫ وتودع‬،‫ت نسخ يحتفظ كل طرف بنسخة منه‬ ‫من‬
retaining a copy thereof, and the third copy to
‫ عل هن يبين ف العقد‬،‫النسخة الثالثة لد اإلدارة‬
be deposited with the Administration.
Contracts shall specify type of work, duration .‫نوع العمل ومدته و اآلجر المتفق عليه‬
thereof and wage agreed upon.
a translation of said contract may be ‫ويجوز هن يرفق بالعقد ترجمة لنصوصه بلغة‬
appended in foreign language. ‫هجنبية‬
The employer shall file with the ‫كما يجب عل صاحب العمل هن يودع لد اإلدارة‬
Administration a copy of ............. ..... ‫نسخة من‬
the length of all kinds of vacations and wages ‫مدد اإلجازات بأنواعها المختلفة واألجور التي‬
payable in lieu thereof ‫تمنح هنها‬
in lieu (of) = instead (of) ‫بدال من‬

Without prejudice to any more severe penalty ‫ومذ عدم اإلخالل بأ عقوبة هشد منصوص عليها‬
provided for in any other Law, violation of ‫ يعاقب عل مخالفة هحكام المادتين‬،‫ف قانون آخر‬
Articles 42 and 52 of the provisions of this
‫ من هىا القانون بالحبس مدة ال تتجاوز‬33،63
Law shall be punishable by imprisonment for
‫ستة هشهر هو بغرامة ال تقل عن خمسة جنيهات‬
a term not exceeding six months or a fine not
less than five pounds and not exceeding two .‫وال تتجاوز مائتي جنيها‬
hundred pounds.
No legal action may be brought in respect of ‫ال يجوز رفذ الدعو العمومية بالنسبة لل رائخ‬
the violations referred to in the preceding ‫المشار ليها ف الفقرتين السابقتين ال بناء عل‬
two paragraphs except upon the request
.... ‫طلب من‬
of........
....... may, in the course of litigation, effect ‫ هن يجر التصال عل الغرامات‬....‫يجوز لـ‬
conciliation as regards fines prescribed in ‫المنصوص عليها ف هىا القانون أ نام نظر‬
this Law.
‫الدهوى‬
All fines ruled by a Court in respect of ‫وتؤول ل الهيئة جميذ المبالغ المحكوم بها عن‬
offenses against the provisions of this Law or ‫مخالفات هحكام هىا القانون هو التي يدفعها المخالف‬
paid by the violator by way of conciliation
.‫بطريق التصالح‬
shall revert to the Authority.
- burden of proof ‫البينة‬
the burden of proof lies with the person who ‫البينة عل من هدع‬
makes the charge
- an accused person is innocent until he is ‫المتهم برئ حت تثبت دانته‬
proved guilty
company ‫شركة‬
corporation (corporation aggregate) ‫ هيئة (تجمذ ف‬- ‫شركة (مساهمة) مؤسسة‬
‫ شركة‬- )‫شركة‬
firm ‫ شركة‬- ‫مؤسسة‬
business )‫مؤسسة (عمل تجار هو صناعي الخ‬
partnership ‫ شركة هشخاص‬- ‫ شركة بسيطة‬- ‫شركة تضامن‬

association ‫ نقابة‬- ‫جمعية – اتحاد – شركة‬

outfit )_____ ‫تجهيزات (شركة‬

association of capital ‫شركة هموال‬
subsidiary / affiliated company associate ‫شركة تابعة‬
company
joint company ‫شركة تضامن‬
limited partnership ‫شركة توصية بسيطة‬
airline ‫شركة طيران‬
affiliate ‫شركة فرعية‬
holding company ‫شركة قابضة هو مهيمنة‬
particular partnership ‫شركة محاصة‬
limited liability company )‫شركة محدودة (المسئولية‬
joint-stock company, stock company ‫شركة مساهمة‬
joint-stock company, anonymous company ‫شركة مغفلة‬
one-man company ‫شركة يملكها فرد واحد‬
public utility company ‫شركة المنفعة العامة‬
shipbuilding company ‫شركة تشييد السفن‬
commercial company ‫شركة تجارية‬
financing company ‫شركة التمويل‬
corporation sole ‫شركة فردية‬
Corporation of Insurance Brokers ‫شركة سماسرة التأمين‬
corporeal right ‫حق عيني هو ماد‬
subpartnership ‫مشاركة بسيطة من الباطن‬

universal partnership :‫شركة بسيطة كلية‬

‫يتعاقد فرقاؤها عل هن يكتتب كل منهم بجميذ ما‬
‫يمل من هموال حالية هو مستقبلة‬
acting partner ‫شري متضامن هو مفاوض‬
liquidating partner ‫شري مصف‬
silent, sleeping, dormant, limited secret ‫شري موص‬
partner
Ahmed Hussein & Company ‫هحمد حسين وشركاه‬
incoming partner ‫ منضم‬:‫شري جديد‬
nominal partner ‫شري هسم‬
ostensible partner ‫شري ظاهر‬
special partner ‫شري خاص‬
surviving partner ‫ تصبح له صفة الوصي عند انحالل‬: ‫شري عاقب‬
‫ فيتول تصفية شئون‬،‫الشركة بموت شريكة‬
‫الشركة وتصفية عالقتها‬
- application )‫توظيف (األموال‬
- financilization
- gearing
- investment
- placement
financialization of savings ‫توظيف المدخرات‬
capital investment ‫توظيف رؤوس األموال‬

‫ر نواعرامشفكات‬ ‫بع‬
‫‪ ‬شر اأ ا شخاص ‪Associations of Persons‬‬
‫وتقو رلاىرا لتبافرامشل كروامثقةرام تباخمةربي رامشفكاء‪،‬رربحيثرمورانسحأرضفخرانقضتر‬
‫امشفكة‪،‬رروتنقس رشفكاتراتشلاصرإمى‪:‬‬
‫شر اأ التضامو ‪Joint Company‬‬

‫هم الشر اأ التم ت قد يرو شرر رو أو أ ثر‪ ،‬ور وو رمرأ الشر اء م بولرو م بولرة تضامنرة‬
‫وغرر م دودة و دروو الشر ة‪ ،‬والشرر المتضامو له ال ق ذم الشترا ذم ردارة الشر ة‬
‫رل ر ا اتقق م خالف ل‬
‫ر‬
‫شر اأ التوورة الي راة أو يال وص ‪Limited Partnership‬‬
‫وتضه ذررقرو مو الشر اء‪ ،‬ذررقا متضامنا م بول م بولرة ما قة و اذة دروو الشر ة مث‬
‫الشر اء ذم شر اأ التضامو‪ ،‬وذررقا مووم م بول م بولرة م دودة يقدر وواه ذم‬
‫رأس الما ول ل ل رروز لاه الشترا ذم ردارة الشر ة‬
‫شر اأ الم اوة ‪Particular Partnership‬‬

‫وهم شر اأ م تترة لرس لاا ورود قانونم‪ ،‬وتنشأ يوقة مدقتة ل قراه ي م وا د أو ا ثر‪،‬‬
‫ول ل ذ رس لاا رأ ما ول نواو م روف ل رماور‪ ،‬وتنتاو يانتااء ال م أو الوققة التم‬
‫قامأ مو أر اا‬
‫‪ ‬شر اأ ا موا ‪Associations of Capital‬‬

‫وتقو رلاىرا لتبافرام امكر ر ذ ولةرات وا رامتىريقخ ارام ستث فو ‪،‬رروتنقس رإمى‪:‬‬
‫الشر اأ الم اهمة ‪Joint-Stock Company‬‬

‫وهم شر اأ لاا شخورة م نورة قرقرة منقو ة و شخورة ا شخاص الم ونرو لاا وتنشأ‬
‫يترخرص مو الدولة‪ ،‬ورأ ما الشر ة الم اهمة رنق ه رلم ا اه قاي ه ل تداو ومت اورة‬
‫القرمة‪ ،‬وم بولرة الم اهمرو م ددة أ اماه‬
‫شر اأ التوورة يا اه ‪Partnership‬‬

‫وترمأ يرو أ اه شر اأ ا شخاص وشر اأ ا موا ‪ ،‬ذرأس الما رق ه رلم أ اه مت اورة‬
‫القرمة‪ ،‬والشر اء ذراا م نو رو‪ :‬شر اء متضامنرو م بولرو م بولرة تضامنرة و رمرأ‬
‫دروو الشر ة‪ ،‬وشر اء موورو م بولرو م بولرة م دودة يقدر أ اماه ذم رأس الما‬
‫شر اأ اأ م بولرة م دودة ‪Limited Liability Company‬‬

‫ورأس ما ه ا النوع مق ه رلم وص تتداو أوالً يرو الشر اء‪ ،‬ول رروز نق م رتاا رلم‬
‫شرر م دودة يقدر مامته ذم رأس الما ‪ ،‬ورقضم‬ ‫الغرر رل يشروا خاوة‪ ،‬وم بولرة‬
‫القانوو يال رزرد دد الشر اء ذراا م خم رو شرر ا‪ ،‬ما ل رروز تأ رس الشر ة أو زرادة‬
‫رأ مالاا أو القتراض ل اياا و اررق ال تتا ال اه‬

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Arabic & Translation Studies Division

This is a first draft of STLU202 “Legal Translation 2”

Changes in how professional translators practice their profession have been

Taking a quick path unto automation and digitalization, the translation

Furthermore, the translation diploma at ATS can be viewed as comprising three

Dr. Hussein Ali

CURRICULUM DESIGN FORM

Course Title: Legal Translation 2

Course Code: STLU202

Course Type (Regular/ Customized): Regular/Customized

Number of Continuing Education Units (CEUs): 3.0 1

Course Pre-requisites (if any):

Serial* Title/subtitle Assignment

2  General Features  Selected legal texts

3  Formal, informal and common core  From the Constitution

4-6  Arabic/English  Correct deviations in the

7-8  Exercise moving across linguistic & cultural  Law No 43 0f 1974 on

9-10  Translating some Arabic documents: birth  Birth certificates,

11  How to revise legal translation

Assessment of Learning Outcomes

 Classroom assessments should not take more than 30 minutes.

Punctuality Policy: :‫سياسة االنضباط في المواعيد‬

Cellular / Mobile Phone: :‫استخدام الهاتف المحمول‬

The Language of Legal Documents

 Whoever composes (or translates) a legal document must take the

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 A legal document is generally characterized by an unbroken format,

Graphetic and Graphological Devices

 The occasional important word might be picked out by capitalization,

Legal Translation 2 Page 2

The Syntactic Level

 Sentences tend to be extremely long. It is a characteristic legal habit to

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By the end of this workshop you will have learned how

1.measure a translation accurately

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The pedagogically easiest-to-handle

Translation Applications and Research

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Article 5 (a) states:

"Any supplies, material or equipment introduced into or acquired in the Arab

Article 5 (b) states:

Legal Translation 2 Page 6

‫وتقرر المادة ‪( 5‬أ)‪:‬‬

‫"رتمتأ ال ام رو مو مواانو الولراأ المت دة (و ابالتاه) واء عانوا (‪ )1‬معو معويقو‬

‫‪Legal Translation 2‬‬ ‫‪Page 7‬‬

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FORMAL COMMON CORE INFORMAL KIDS

OFFSPRING CHILDREN KIDS

DISCOVER FIND OUT

INVESTIGATE LOOK INTO

FORMAL COMMON CORE INFORMAL KIDS

Feeling tired, I went I went to bed early I felt tired so I went

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