BETHEL MEKANYESUS SCHOOL GRADE 12 EXPIRMENTS

MANUAL.
UNIT 3 : FLUIDS
ACTIVITY 3.3 TEASTING DIRECTION OF PRESSURE
Materials required:
A plastic bottle, five nails and water
Procedures:
• Pock five holes at the middle of the bottle along its perimeter using
the nail as shown in (Figure 3.11).

• Close all the holes by nails.

• Fill the bottle with water while the it is opened.
• Remove the nails and observe what happens.
Precaution:
Take care to avoid the damage while pocking the bottle using nail.
Question
Try to explain your observation.

ACTIVITY 3.4 :- PRESSURE IN A PAIR OF CONNECTED

SYRINGES3.4: Pressure in a pair of connected syringes
Materials required:
Two syringes of different size, a piece of flexible plastic
tube, two identical 250 ml transparent beakers and bucket partly filled
with water
Procedures:
• Submerge the plastic tube and let it fill completely with water.
• Push the plunger of the small syringe all the way into it so there is no
air in it. Fill it partially with water. Then insert its tip into one end of
the submerged, water-filled plastic tube.
• Push the plunger of the larger syringe all the way into it so there is
no air in it. Fill it partially with water. Then insert its tip into an other
end of the submerged, water-filled plastic tube.
• Then take the entire assembly out of the water and arrange the
syringes vertically as shown in the Figure below with their initial
water level at the same height.
• Put identical beakers on the top of the syringes’ plungers.
• Draw some water into the beaker on the plunger of small syringe.
What do you observe about the water level in the two syringes?
• Draw water into the beaker on the plunger of the large syringe until
the water level on the two syringes is the same.
Precaution:
Syringes should not have needle to avoid damage.
Question:
How much water is require on both beakers to balance the level
of water in the syringes. Try to explain your observation

ACTIVITY 3.5 :-Variation of pressure with depth o5: of pressure with

depth
Materials required:
Three identical plastic bottles, three identical nails, a table and water.
Procedures:
• Make a hole near to the bottom of each plastic bottle by identical
nails. The holes should have identical height.
• Fill the three bottles with water to different height while the holes
are closed by the nails.
• Put the bottles on the edge of a table facing the holes in the same
direction, away the table.
• Remove the nails gently simultaneously and observe the distance
the water shots hits the ground.
Precaution:
• Take care to avoid damage while making a hole using the nails.
• Keep the lids of the bottles open throughout your experiment.
Question
• Which water shot has the largest distance (wider arc) from the
bottom of the table?

• What do you think the reason for that?

• How the distance of the water shots from each bottles vary with time
and explain the result.

f container
Activity 3.6:- Independence of liquid pressure with shape and size of
container
Materials required:
Three plastic bottles of different diameter, three identical nails and a table
Procedures:
• Make a hole near to the bottom of each plastic bottle by identical
nails. The holes should have identical height.
• Fill the three bottles with water to the same level.
• Put the bottles on the edge of a table facing the holes in the same
direction, away the table.
• Remove the nails gently simultaneously and observe the distance
the water shots hits the ground.
Precaution:
• Take care to avoid damage while making a hole using the nails.
• Keep the lids of the bottles open throughout your experiment.
Question
• Which water shot has the largest distance (wider arc) from the
bottom of the table?
• Explain the reason for your observation?

Activity 3.7: Effect of temperature on Pressure

Activity 3.7:- Effect of temperature on Pressure c
Materials required:
Two identical plastic bottles, and hot water
Procedures:
• Fill one of the plastic bottle by hot water and cover tightly; then keep
it to cool down to room temperature.
• Fill the other plastic bottle by hot water and keep it to cool down to
room temperature while the lid is open.
Precaution:
Take care to avoid the damage of hot water by using heat resistance glove
and using moderately hot water.
Question
• What happens to the closed plastic bottles at room temperature?
Explain the reason.
• What happens to the opened plastic bottles at room temperature?
Explain the reason.

Activity 3.8:- Effect of atmospheric pressure on the flow of confined

water
Materials required:
A Plastic bottle and nail or pin
Procedures:
• Fill a plastic bottle with water and cover the lid tightly.
• Make a small hole at the bottom of this bottle by a nail or a pin and
take the nail/pin out.
Precaution:
Take care to avoid the damage while using the nail/ pin.
Question
• (i) Does all the water leave the plastic bottle? Why?
• (ii) What will happen if the bottle is open?