POINTERS TO REVIEW IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 3
 Social dances are communal dances
performed in any given space. They are
synonymously referred to as ballroom
dances, but ballroom dances are
performed in balls or formal social
functions.
 BALLROOM DANCE
 IS A SET OF PARTNER DANCE
 which are enjoyed both socially and
competitively around the world.
 THE TERM BALLROOM DANCING
 is derived from the word "ball". which
in turn originates from the latin word
ballare which means to dance.
 LATIN AMERICAN DANCES
 distinguish themselves by the costumes
worn by performers. They are
somewhat revealing, tight-fitting, sexy
yet sophisticated in nature. They are
also distinguished by the nature of the
movements. They are freer and can be
performed in close or open hold.
 MODERN STANDARD DANCES
 wear formal, ankle length gowns for
females and coat-and-tie for males.
Most of the time, movements in these
are restricted to close ballroom position
with partner.
 CHA CHA
 The cha-cha dance originated from
Cuba and was originally known as the
cha-cha-cha
 The dance gained popularity around the
1950's
 It is based on a lively triple step that can
be danced to Cuban music or Latin rock.
 The timing is 2, 3, 4, and 1 (full beat on
2, full beat on 3, half beat on 4, and a
half beat and full beat on 1)
 JIVE
 The Jive is lively and fast-paced dance
that is typically danced to up-beat
swing or contemporary music.
 Originating in the US, this dance was
influenced by the boogie, rock 'n roll,
African/American swing and Lindy Hop.
 It is a very happy, hoppy, energetic
dance with plenty of knee lifting,
bending, rocking and rocking of hips.
 PASO DOBLE
 The Paso Doble is a theatrical Latin
dance with Spanish and French origins.
 It is a dramatic dance that tells a story
through sharp, staccato movements,
striking body poses, and flamenco style
footwork.
 The Paso Doble is a passionate dance
based on a Spanish bullfight. The leader
represents the proud Spanish matador
and the woman or follower is the
Matador’s cape. The follower will
sometimes also represent the bull,
picador or flamenco dancer.
 The name of the dance, “Paso Doble” is
believed to trace back to a French
military march with a similar name,
“Paso Redoble.”
 RUMBA
 Rumba is universally recognized as the
dance of love.
 It is danced to slow, sensual music with
a Latin beat and features a hip action
known as “Cuban Motion.”
 Rumba tells the story of love and
passion between a strong man and a
teasing woman.
 SAMBA
 The Samba is an energetic and lively
dance that is currently popular in many
parts of the world.
 Syncopated rhythms, bouncing actions,
and rolling hip movements characterize
the dance. It may be danced with or
without a partner.
 It is one of the five international Latin
dances developed in Brazil during the
19th century.
 It is considered the dance of celebration
and joy.
 A Samba dancer is called a sambista.
 FOXTROT
 The Foxtrot is a smooth, progressive
dance characterized by long,
continuous flowing movements across
the dance floor.
 It is danced to big band (usually vocal)
music.
 The dance is similar in its look to Waltz,
although the rhythm is in a 4/4 time
signature instead of 3/4.
 Developed in the 1910's, the Foxtrot
reached its height of popularity in the
1930's
 It is composed of fairly simple walking
steps and side steps. The dance
combines slow steps, which use two
beats of music, and quick steps, which
use one beat of music. The footwork
timing is usually "slow, quick, quick" or
"slow, slow, quick, quick."
 QUICK STEP
 The quickstep is a light-hearted dance
of the standard ballroom dances.
 The movement of the dance is fast and
powerfully flowing and sprinkled with
syncopations.
 The upbeat melodies that quickstep is
danced to make it suitable for both
formal and informal events.
 Quickstep was developed in the 1920s
in New York City and was first danced
by Caribbean and African dancers.
 SLOW WALTZ
 The Slow Waltz, or the English Waltz, is
the first and perhaps the most famous
of the International Standard dances.
 The International Slow Waltz is like the
Smooth Waltz in musicality and rhythm,
however, like all standard dances, the
lead and follow remain in closed
position and do not separate
throughout the dance.
 The Waltz is very characteristic because
of its rise and fall action. As a couple
dances the waltz, they rise and fall
according to the beat of the 3/4 timing
of the music.
 TANGO
 Tango is a partner dance that originated
in the 1890s.
 It is mostly danced in either open
embrace, where lead and follow have
space between their bodies, or close
embrace, where the lead and follow
connect either chest-to-chest or in the
upper thigh, hip area.
 VIENNESE WALTZ
 This whirling, thrilling dance dates back
to the early 1700’s in Europe. It was a
dance first popular with the common
folk and then with the upper classes.
 Viennese Waltz is danced in fast ¾ time
with a 1-2-3 rhythm and features a
series of left and right turns as the
couple whirls around the dance floor.
 Viennese Waltz is characterized by its
speed (twice as fast as Waltz) as well as
a rise and fall and sway (less than
Waltz). With its elegance and turns,
Viennese Waltz has an air of magic
about it.
 Hip-hop
 Cultural movement from the African-
American group of people who were
looking for a creative outlet to vent
their frustrations and disappointments
with society.
 It has developed as a “cultural and
artistic phenomenon affecting the
youth worldwide as it reflects the
social, economic, political, cultural
realities and condition of their lives.
 Rapping/MCing
 - Vocal elements and rap music is the
heart of the hip-hop musical genre.
 Disc Jockeying
 - means scratching or turn table record
mixing.
 Break Dancing/ B-boying
 - It started as a form of fighting, a
mixture of physically demanding
movements which exploited the
daredevil prowess of their performers
 and stylized punching and kicking
movements.
 Graffiti Art
 - Also known as aerosol art. It was
began as a way of “tagging” for one’s
crew and developed during the 1970s
on the subways of New York and
expanded to the city walls themselves.
 Street dance
 - It started in the 1970s and was made
popular in the 1980s by media’s
exposure of several hip-hop groups in
America.
 - It is a freestyle in nature and maybe
practiced in either a dance studio or in
an open space outdoor.
 - The word street dance is a “Filipino
version” of hip-hop dance that was
specifically used by Filipino dancers.
 2 main categories of street dance
styles
 - New School
 - Old School
 Krump
 - Characterized by unrestrained rapid
fire and highly energetic moves of the
limbs and torso.
 Street Jazz
 - Combination of hip-hop dance styles
and jazz dance movements.
 House Dance
 - Dance styles that emphasizes fast,
complex footsteps with fluid
movements of the torso.
 Break Dancing
 - It is an unstructured and highly
improvisational style that incorporates
and acrobatic movements.
 Popping
 - A quick contraction and relaxation of
muscles to producing jerking of various
joints.
 Locking
 - It relies on fast, distinct arm and hand
movements combined with relaxed hips
and legs.
 - It has specific movements that make it
different from popping and other hip
styles.
 Wacking
 - Waacking (also whacking) is an
element from the punking street
dance created in the gay clubs of Los
Angeles during the 1970s disco era.
 - The style is typically done to 70s disco
music and is mainly distinguishable by
its rotational arm movements, posing
and emphasis on expressiveness.
 List of power moves used in break
dancing
 Windmill
 - It is a move in which the dancer spins
from his upper back to his chest while
twirling his legs around his body in a V-
shape.
 Head spin
 - The dancer wearing a stocking cap or
handkerchief and uses his hands to aid
in speeding up the spin.
 Flare
 - This is an incredibly difficult move
borrowed from gymnastics.
 Jackhammer
 - It is a move performed on the ground
having the dancer balancing on one
hand and laying his body on the elbow
of the same arm.
 Top Rock
 - This is a simple dance done standing
up to initiate break dancing.
 Up Rock
 - This is a doing a toprock with someone
else, sort of like a fight but without
contract and very rhythmic.
 6 Step - It resembles walking in a circle
on the ground and only one hand is
touching the ground at a time.
 Moon Walk- A move where a dancer
slides backward while their legs appear
to be walking forward.
 Worm - A move in which a dancer lies
on the ground and forms a rippling
motion through his body.
 CHEER DANCE
 -CHEER DANCE is relatively new in the
field of sports and dance as it has only
emerged during the early 1990's as part
of the cheerleading events. It is one
categories in International Cheerleading
Competition that focuses on dance
techniques and basic elements of
cheerleading, excluding stunts and
advance gymnastics skills.
 What is Cheerleading?
 - Cheerleading is an event that consists
of cheers and organized routines for
sports team motivation, audience
entertainmennt, or competition. The
routines contain many components of
cheers, jumps, dance, gymnastics, and
stunting.
 HISTORY OF CHEERLEADING
 -Cheerleading history is linked closely to
the United States history of sports, its
sporting venues, as well as the historical
development of overall crowd
participation at many athletic events
(History of Cheerleading, 2015).
-In the late 1880s, the first organized
recorded yell done in locomotive style
was performed in an American campus
and was first seen and heard during a
college football game.
 CHEER DANCE
 -Cheerdance is from the words, cheer
and dance. To cheer is to shout out
words or phrases that may help
motivate and boost the morale of a
playing team and perform during a
game. Dance, on the other hand, is a
physical activity where one expresses
emotions or gestures while performing
bodily movements usually in time with
rhythm.
-Cheerdancing originated from
cheerleading which is the performance
of a routine, usually dominated by
gymnastic skills such as jumps, tumbling
skills, lifts and tosses combined with
shouting of cheers and yells to lead the
crowd to cheer for a certain team
during a game or sports activity. It
originated in the United States.
 Cheer – Cheearleading
 CATEGORY:
 PARTNER STUNT 2 PERSONS
(MALE/FEMALE)
 GROUP STUNTS 5 PERSONS (2
FEMALE/3 MALE)
 TEAM CHEER (16 SMALL
GROUP/25 LARGE GROUP
 EQUIPMENT/PROPS
 -CHEERLEADING MATS
 -Pompoms
 -MEGAPHONE
 -BANNER
 -FLAGS
 HEALTH BENEFITS OF CHEER DANCE
 ✓ Healthy level of fitness
 ✓ Strength Training
 ✓ Coordination
 ✓ Flexibility
 ✓ Improved posture
 ✓ Team building
 ✓ Confidence
 ✓ Knowledge in following directions
 ✓ Setting personal goal
 ✓ Better relationships with fellow team
members
 Equipment. It is recommended to use
mats and even surfaces when learning
new skills in cheerdance.
 Fitness. Dancers should maintain a
good fitness level. Proper warm-up and
cool-down exercises should be
observed during and after the activity.
 BASIC CHEER ARM MOTION
 BEGINNING STANCE - Feet together,
hands down by the side in blades
 CHEER STANCE - Feet more than
shoulder width apart, hands down by
the side in blades
 LOW "V" - Arms extended down
forming a “V
 HIGH "V" - Arms extended up forming a
“V”, relax the shoulders
 TOUCHDOWN - Arms extended straight
and parallel to each other, fist facing in
 LOW TOUCHDOWN - Arms extended
straight down and parallel to each
other, fist facing in
 CLASP - Hands clasped at the chin,
elbows in
 CLAP - Hands in blades at the chin,
elbows in
 TABLETOP - Arms bent at elbow, fists in
front of shoulders
 BOW AND ARROW - One arm extended
to side with other arm bent at elbow in
a half “T” motion
 OVERHEAD CLASP - Arms are straight
above the head in a clasp and slightly in
front of the face
 LOW CLASP - Arms extended straight
down in a clasp and slightly in front of
the body
 PUNCH - One arm extended straight up,
one arm on hip in a fist
 L MOTION (LEFT L SHOWN) - One arm
extended to the side with other arm
extended in a punch motion, (Left L
shown)
 DIAGONAL - One arm extended in a
high “V” and the other arm extended in
a low “V” (Right Diagonal shown)
 "T" MOTION - Both arms extended
straight out to the side and parallel to
the ground, relax the shoulders
 HALF "T" - Both arms parallel to the
ground and bent at the elbows, fists
into shoulders
 SIDE LUNGE - Lead leg bent with the
knee over the ankle, back leg straight,
feet perpendicular to each other
 FRONT LUNGE - Lead leg bent with the
knee over the ankle, back leg straight,
feet perpendicular to each other
 Cheer Stunts
 PARTNER STUNTS
 GROUP STUNTS
 PYRAMID
 BASIC GYMNASTICS SKILLS – cheer
dance incorporates simple gymnastics
skills such as jumps and tumbling to add
to the thrill of the game and the effect
of a routine. Also, these help
cheerleaders to develop a higher spirit
level and enhance crowd motivation.
These skills must work smoothly with
the cheer.
 TWO (2) BASIC GYMNASTICS SKILLS
 JUMPS AND LEAPS
 A. JUMPS – is the transfer of weight
from one or both feet to both feet
landing.
 B. LEAPS – locomotor movement
characterized by a take-off on one foot,
a long flight phase and a landing on the
opposite one(1) foot.
 ACROBATICS – “she sealed the title
with a powerful display of acrobatics
and tumbling.
 TYPES OF JUMP
 TUCK
 SPREAD EAGLE
 DOUBLE HOOK
 TOE TOUCH
 SIDE HURDLER
 FRONT HURDLER
 PIKE
 DOUBLE NINE
 TUMBLING – very dynamic and an
excellent way to shake a crowd up
quickly. Properly incorporated tumbling
can be a real attention getter and crowd
pleaser. Tumbling may be executed
simultaneously by several tumblers or
the entire squad. Thus, it is imperative
that cheerleaders in a squad should
have an identical technique in tumbling
to strengthen the uniformity of the
routine.
 FORWARD ROLL
 A. Squat down with hands on the
ground then,
 B. tuck head in with chin down.
 C. Roll unto upper back and
 D. rotate onto feet continuing to
standing position.
 E. back to position.
 BACKWARD ROLL
 A. From a standing position, squat down
continuing to a
 B. sitting position with hands placed
close to ears and palms facing up.
 C. roll backward while placing the
weight of the body on both feet,
 D. Continue on through a squat
position.
 CARTWHEEL
 A. With one foot in front,
 B. stand on the foot and lean down until
both hands are on the ground,
 C. transfer weight from one hand to the
other while driving legs above and over
the body.
 D. place one leg on the ground and
continue on through a standing
position.
 ROUND-OFF
 A. Rotation on the Short Axis
 B. Twist on the Long Axis
 C. Handspring from shoulders & wrists
 D. Snap down phase.
 PERFORMANCE CHEER
 POMPOMS - Poms are required to be
used throughout the routine. Important
characteristics of a pom routine include
synchronization and visual effects,
along with proper pom placement and
technique. Motions should be very
sharp, clean and precise. Your team
should be synchronized and appear as
“one.” A routine that is visually effective
is extremely important, including level
changes, group work, formation
changes, etc. Keep in mind that a pom
routine carries a more traditional
cheerleading theme, while
incorporating the concepts of Jazz and
Hip Hop.
 HIP-HOP - Hip-hop incorporates street
style influenced movements and
rhythms with an emphasis on
execution, style, creativity, body
isolations and control, rhythm,
uniformity and musical interpretation.
The uniformity of all movement
throughout the performance should
complement the beats and rhythm of
the music. There is also an additional
focus on athletic incorporations such as
jumps, freezes, floor work and other
skills. Distinctive clothing and
accessories reflecting the Hip Hop
Culture must be worn.
 JAZZ - Incorporates and exhibits
traditional and stylized movements and
combinations with strength, attack and
presence, formation changes, group
work and technical elements. An
emphasis is placed on proper technical
execution, extension, control, body
placement, style, musical
interpretation, continuity of movement
and team uniformity. The overall
impression of the routine should be up-
tempo, lively, energetic and motivating-
while allowing for texture of movement
to utilize musicality.
 FESTIVAL DANCE
 A festival is an event ordinarily
celebrated by a community and
centering on some characteristic aspect
of that community and its religion or
cultures. It is often marked as a local or
national holiday.
 Festival dances are
cultural dances performed to the strong
beats of percussion instruments by a
community of people sharing the same
culture usually done in honor of a
Patron Saint or in thanksgiving of a
bountiful harvest.
 NATURE OF FESTIVAL DANCE
 - Religious Festival
 -Secular Festival
 Religious Festival
are festivals dedicated for patrons,
gods, saints, and others related to any
Religion.
 Secular Festival-is a festival celebrated
as thanksgiving or celebration of
people’s industry or bountiful harvest.
 WHY DO FILIPINOS DO FESTIVALS? 
 Filipinos do festivals primarily to
celebrate.
 We celebrate our unity amidst the
diversity of cultures; and
 We celebrate our industry bringing
about a bountiful harvest.
 WHAT VALUE DO FESTIVALS TEACH
US?
 Festivals help us to keep connection 
with our roots, culture, origin and
preserve it. They relieve us from
monotomy of life.
 Festivals teach us forget enmity and
embrace one another and create bond
of love, an environment of cultural
harmony. When time of festival comes,
the aura changes, positivity all around.
 SOME FAMOUS SECULAR FESTIVALS



 SOME FAMOUS RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS

 LESSON 4: MODERN AND

CONTEMPORARY DANCE
 MODERN DANCE
- was developed in the early
1900’s the time when dancers
 came out against the stiffness
and restraints of classical
ballet. It involves the use of
many dance steps that are
 unusual and often interpret a
dancer’s emotions and mood.
- Created its own techniques
- Costumes
- Shoes
- Gave more attention to
self-expression
- Individual creativity rather
than technical expertise
 What is Contemporary?
- Contemporary Dance can be
described as a mix between
various style of dance. It
combines the technical
elements of jazz and ballet
with fluidity and expression of
modern dance.
- Concert Dance
- Can be danced to almost style
of music and can be united
with any other dance forms to
create new movement styles
- Sub-genres: conceptual
dance, pedestrian
contemporary
- Often focuses on breathing,
alignment, raw emotion,
opposing movement
 Contemporary Dance Defined…
- The name “Contemporary
Dance” describes a range of
techniques and styles used in
classes, workshops and dance
choreography.
- It was developed in the 20th
century as a recreation
against the rigid techniques of
ballet.
- Pioneers such as Isadora
Duncan and Martha Graham
searched for ease of
movement using the body’s
natural lines and energy,
allowing a greater range and
fluidity of the movement that
typical and traditional dance
techniques.
- Contemporary dance is
characterized by its versatility:
it can be danced to almost any
style of music, or united with
 Isadora Duncan
- was the mother of Modern
Dance
- she is the first European
performance took place in
London 16 March 1900.
 Merce Cunningham
- is the Father of
Contemporary Dance
- American Modern Dancer and
Choreographer who
developed new forms of
abstract dance movement.
 Martha Graham
- was the mother of
Contemporary Dance
- influential American dancer,
teacher, and choreographer of
modern
dance whose ballets and other
works were intended to
“reveal the inner man.”
- Over more than 50 years she
created more than 180 works,
from solos to large-scale
works, in most of which she
herself danced.
- She gave modern dance new
depth as a vehicle for the
intense and forceful
expression of primal
emotions.
 ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPORARY
DANCE
- Theme- most basic elements
of dance. It conveys the
message of dance.
- Design- pattern of movements
in time and space.
- Movement- bodily actions of
the dancer that included his
steps.
 - Technique- the skill of - Her dance legacy is evident in
movement executed by the the dance companies,
dancer teachers, choreographers and
- Music- the auditory the exciting Filipino modern
background to which a dancer dance repertoire of our
moves country today.
- Costume and Body  LIZA TERESITA PACHECO
Paraphernalia- Properties MACUJA-ELIZALDA
worn by the dancer that help - Founder of Ballet Manila
reflect the message, customs - Ballet Manila has reached its
and beliefs 20th years.
 TYPES OF DANCES - In 198 she was recognized in
 FOLK DANCE/ ETHNIC DANCE Europe and become a Prima
- Social dances that portray the Ballerina of Kirov Ballet, in
beliefs, interests, habits, Leningrad.
customs, and practices of the  Douglas Nierras
native - In Jazz, he is the most
 BALLROOM DANCES prominent.
- Dances of public - He has more than two decades
entertainment, usually of involvement in dance
performed in pairs in through choreography,
ballrooms, nightclubs, pedagogy, and production.
auditoriums or in public - He is famous for his Metanoia,
places. in which he collaborated with
- Which are enjoyed both Ryan Cayabyab to create –
socially and competitively minute ballet set.
around the world, and growing
all the more popular in North
America.
 THEATRICAL DANCES
- Performed for the
entertainment of the audience
in a theater.
 THE BIG NAMES IN PHILIPPINE
DANCE
 ALICE REYES
- National Artist for Dance
(2014)
- The name Alice Reyes has
become a significant part of
the Philippine dance
- As a dancer, choreographer,
teacher and director, she has
made a lasting impact on the
development and promotion of
contemporary dance in the
Philippines.