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12/27/21, 2:53 PM 100 Major Supreme Court Judgments Of 2021 [Part 3, Judgments 76 -100]
This is the third part of the article covering 100 major Supreme Court judgments of 2021.
The first part covered 52 judgments delivered from January to June. The second part
included judgments(53-75) delivered from July to October. The third part will cover
judgments (76-100) from October to December. Read the first part here and the second
part here.
Also Read - 100 Major Supreme Court Judgments Of 2021 [Part 2, Judgments 53-75]
549]
The Supreme Court declared that the National Green Tribunal is vested with suo motu
powers to take cognizance on the basis of letters, representations and media reports.
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delivered the judgment on a batch of petitions which raised the issue whether NGT has
suo motu jurisdiction (Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai v. Ankita Sinha and
Also Read - 'Cow Exhales Oxygen', 'Skin To Skin' , 'Will You Marry Her' & Other
The Court held that the NGT must be seen as a sui generis institution as the National
Green Tribunals Act, 2010 (NGT Act) provides the Tribunal with wide ranging powers
Opining on the intention behind the legislature in establishing such a tribunal, the Court
held,
"NGT Act, when read as a whole, gives much leeway to the NGT to go beyond a mere
equity must be explicitly acknowledged as pivotal threads of the NGT's fabric. The NGT
must be seen as a sui generis institution and not unus multorum, and its special and
exclusive role to foster public interest in the area of environmental domain delineated in
the enactment of 2010 must necessarily receive legal recognition of this Court"
Also Read - 'Not A Mute Spectator' : Suo Motu Cases Taken By Supreme Court In 2021
The Court also acknowledged that environmental impact on climate change is gaining
increasing visibility in recent times and thus the NGT must be given the discretion to
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exercise suo moto powers in order to salvage adverse environmental consequences for
generations to come.
77 .Director Of Enforcement Can Be Appointed For A Period Of More Than Two Years
429]
The Supreme Court has held that a Director of Enforcement can be appointed for a
period of more than two years by following the procedure prescribed Section 25 of the
Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003. The bench of Justices L. Nageswara Rao and
BR Gavai also upheld the power of the Union of India to extend the tenure of Director of
Enforcement beyond the period of two years. It clarified that extension of tenure granted
to officers who have attained the age of superannuation should be done only in rare and
exceptional cases.
The Court was delivering its judgment in a PIL that challenged the extension of tenure
given to ED Director SK Mishra. The Court however held that SK Mishra's tenure should
Note : The Parliament later passed a law allowing the extension of the term of ED
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The Supreme Court held that magistrates would not be competent to extend the time to
complete investigations in UAPA cases. The only competent authority to consider such
request would be "the Court" as specified in the proviso in Section 43-D (2)(b) of the
UAPA, the bench of Justices Uday Umesh Lalit, S. Ravindra Bhat and Belam M Trivedi
held.
[Case: Ratan Babulal Lath v. The State Of Karnataka; Citation: LL 2021 SC 440]
The Supreme Court has observed that bank account of a person accused under
Criminal Procedure. "It is not possible to sustain the freezing of the bank account of the
appellant taking recourse to Section 102 Cr.P.C. as the Prevention of Corruption Act is a
Code by itself", the bench of Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul and MM Sundresh observed
while allowing an appeal against a Karnataka High Court judgment. I
80 .Refund For Unutilised Input Tax Credit Can't Be Claimed On Account Of Input
[Case: Union of India v. VKC Footsteps India Pvt Ltd; Citation: LL 2021 SC 446]
The Supreme Court has held that Section 54(3) of the Central Goods and Services Act
excludes unutilised input tax credit that accumulated on account of input services.
the submission that goods and services must necessarily be treated at par on a matter
of a refund of unutilized ITC cannot be accepted", the court observed while rejecting the
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challenge against Section 54(3) on the ground that it violates equality doctrine under
Article 14 of the Constitution. The bench of Justices DY Chandrachud and MR Shah set
aside the Gujarat High Court judgment which held that Rule 89(5) of Central Goods and
Service Tax Rules, 2017, by restricting the refund only to input goods, had acted ultra
vires Section 54(3) of the CGST Act. It approved a Madras High Court judgment which
[Case: National Spot Exchange Limited v. Anil Kohli; Citation: LL 2021 SC 453]
The Supreme Court observed that the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT)
has no jurisdiction to condone the delay exceeding 15 days from the period of 30 days,
82. Moratorium Ordered U/Sec.14 IBC Does Not Apply To Proceedings In Respect Of
[Case: Anjali Rathi v. Today Homes & Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd; Citation: LL 2021 SC 462]
The Supreme Court has observed that the moratorium ordered under Section 14 of the
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code does not apply in respect of the directors/management
of the Corporate Debtor. It applies only in relation to the Corporate Debtor and against its
83. Summoning And Detaining A Person Without There Being Any Crime Registered
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The Supreme Court observed that summoning and detaining a person without there
being any crime registered against him would be violative of basic principles. The
directions issued in Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2014) 8 SCC 273, would be
applicable even if no crime was registered, the bench of Justices UU Lalit, S. Ravindra
84 . Supreme Court Recalls Suo Motu Extension Of Limitation With Effect From October
The Supreme Court has recalled the suo motu order of April 27, 2021, which had
extended with effect from March 14, 2021 the limitation period for filing of cases in view
of the COVID second wave. The Court said that the suo motu extension of limitation
period will stand withdrawn with effect from October 2, 2021. A bench comprising Chief
Justice of India NV Ramana, Justices L Nageswara Rao and Surya Kant made these
[Case: Amit Sachan & Anr v. Bar Council of Uttar Pradesh ; Citation: LL 2021 SC 507]
The Supreme Court has observed that office-bearers of the Bar Association are to be
permitted to hijack the system by permitting them to take part in the election process of
86. Right To Apply For Bail Is An Individual Right Implicit In Articles 14, 19 & 21
[Case: High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan v. State of Rajasthan and Another;
Disapproving the blanket orders passed by a single judge of the Rajasthan High Court to
not list applications for bail and suspension of sentence as urgent matters during the
lockdown, the Supreme Court has observed that the right to apply for bail is an individual
right implicit in Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution. The Court has observed that
such blanket bans would suspend Fundamental Rights of individuals and block access
for seekers of liberty to apply for bail. A Bench comprising Justices L Nageswara Rao
and Aniruddha Bose made the observations while delivering the judgement in special
leave petitions filed against orders of the Rajasthan High Court which directed the
Registry to not to list bails, appeals, applications for suspension of sentence in appeals
87. Supreme Court Sets Aside Calcutta HC's Total Ban Of Firecrackers In West Bengal;
[Case: Goutom Roy and Anr v. State of West Bengal; Citation: LL 2021 SC 629]
The Supreme Court set aside the order of the Calcutta High Court which imposed a
complete ban on the use of firecrackers in the State of West Bengal. "...we are convinced
that Calcutta High Court should have called upon parties to give explanation before
passing such an extreme order", the Court observed in the order. The Court observed that
the High Court ought to have given opportunities to the authorities to place on record if
any mechanism was in place to ensure that only "green crackers", as permitted by the
Supreme Court, are being used. While setting aside the High Court's order, the Supreme
Court also gave liberty to any party to approach the High Court with adequate materials.
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misuse", orally observed the bench during the course of the hearing.
88. Advocate Losing A Case After Arguing Is Not 'Deficiency Of Service' For Filing
Consumer Complaint
The Supreme Court has observed that an advocate losing a case cannot be said to be
deficiency in service on his/her part. "In every litigation, either of the party is bound to
lose and in such a situation either of the party who will lose in the litigation may
approach the consumer fora for compensation alleging deficiency in service, which is not
observed while dismissing a Special Leave Petition filed against the order passed by
[Case: Bajri Lease LoI Holders Welfare Society v. State of Rajasthan; Citation: LL 2021
SC 638]
The Supreme Court has observed that the compensation/penalty to be paid by those
mineral. The cost of restoration of the environment, as well as the cost of ecological
Nageswara Rao, Sanjiv Khanna, and BR Gavai observed. The polluter, according to the
court, is liable to pay the cost to the individual sufferers as well as the cost of reversing
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90. Supreme Court Upholds Application Of RERA To Real Estate Projects Ongoing At
Act's Commencement
[Case: Newtech Promoters And Developers Pvt. Ltd. v. State of UP; Citation: LL 2021 SC
641]
The Supreme Court has upheld the retroactive application of the Real Estate(Regulation
and Development) Act, 2016 to the real estate projects which were ongoing at the
commencement of the Act. The bench comprising Justices Uday Umesh Lalit, Ajay
Rastogi, and Aniruddha Bose observed that the RERA Act does not apply to the projects
already completed or to which the completion certificate has been granted at the
Promoters/Developers that the first proviso to Section 3(1) of the Act is violative of
Taking note of the statutory provisions especially Section 3 of the RERA, the court
observed that all "ongoing projects" that commence prior to the Act and in respect to
which completion certificate has not been issued are covered under the Act. It said: "It
manifests that the legislative intent is to make the Act applicable not only to the projects
which were yet to commence after the Act became operational but also to bring under its
fold the ongoing projects and to protect from its inception the inter se rights of the
stakeholders, including allottees/home buyers, promoters and real estate agents while
imposing certain duties and responsibilities on each of them and to regulate, administer
and supervise the unregulated real estate sector within the fold of the real estate
authority."
Also Read: Condition Of Pre-Deposit For Filing Appeal U/Sec 43(5) RERA Not
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Also Read: RERA - Regulatory Authority Has Exclusive Jurisdiction To Direct Refund To
Also Read: RERA Authority Can Delegate Single Member To Decide Homebuyers'
Also Read: Sec 40 RERA - Homebuyers Entitled To Recover Amount Invested Along
91. Preliminary Enquiry By CBI In Corruption Cases Not Mandatory; Accused Cannot
Demand It As Of Right
: LL 2021 SC 551]
The Supreme Court has held that preliminary enquiry by Central Bureau of Investigation
"In case the information received by the CBI, through a complaint or a "source
Regular Case instead of conducting a Preliminary Enquiry, where the officer is satisfied
that the information discloses the commission of a cognizable offence", the bench of
"An FIR will not stand vitiated because a Preliminary Enquiry has not been conducted",
92. Section 482 CrPC - High Court Must Furnish Reasons For Issuing Interlocutory
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The Supreme Court has observed that while issuing an interlocutory direction at an
interim stage while exercising jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal
"Even at the interim stage, the High Court must demonstrate an application of mind and
furnish reasons for issuing any interlocutory direction, which is capable of being tested
The bench referred to the dictum laid down in Neeharika Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. vs.
93. Mere Support To Terrorist Organization Without Intention To Further Its Activities
In its judgment restoring the bail granted to Thwaha Fasal and Allan Shuhaib, the
Supreme Court observed that mere support given to a terrorist organization or mere
association with it, is not sufficient to attract offences under Sections 38 and 39 of the
The association and the support have to be with intention of furthering the activities of a
terrorist organisation, the bench comprising Justices Ajay Rastogi and Abhay S. Oka
observed.
UAPA - If Chargesheet Does Not Reveal Prima Facie Case, Embargo For Bail Under Sec
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94. UAPA- State Police Has Duty To Continue Investigation Of Schedule Offence Till NIA
[ Case:Naser Bin Abu Bakr Yafai vs State of Maharashtra; Citation : LL 2021 SC 576]
The Supreme Court has observed that the State police has a duty to continue with the
investigation of a scheduled offence under the NIA Act till the National Investigating
The court added that mere renumbering of the case filed by the NIA did not take away
[ Case : Dr. G. Sadasivan Nair V. Cochin University Of Science And Technology; Citation :
LL 2021 SC 701]
The Supreme Court has observed that the pension payable to an employee on retirement
shall be determined on the rules existing at the time of retirement. The Court also
observed that the law did not allow the employer to apply the rules differently in relation
96. Persons With Disabilities Should Not Be Asked to Remove Prosthetic Limbs At
In a petition filed to ensure convenient air travel for persons with disabilities, the Supreme
Court of India on Wednesday observed that differently abled persons with prosthetic
limbs/calipers should not be asked to remove the prosthetics at airport security checks
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The Court also observed that lifting a person with disability during air travel or security
checkup is inhumane, and held that the same should not be done without the person's
consent.
97. States Should Not Deny Ex-Gratia For COVID Deaths On Ground That Death
The Supreme Court ordered that no state should deny the ex-gratia compensation of Rs
50,000 to the kin of persons who died of COVID on the sole ground that the death
A bench comprising Justices MR Shah and AS Bopanna passed the order while
approving the guidelines issued by the National Disaster Management Authority for grant
The bench also said that the next kin of the deceased shall be paid an amount of Rs
50,000 from the State Disaster Response Funds and it will be over and above the
Such amount will be disbursed within 30 days of submitting application and cause of
The court has also directed the publication of the details of the district level authorities
98. NCDRC Can Direct Deposit Of Entire Or More Than 50% Of Amount Determined By
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[Case : Manohar Infrastructure and Constructions Private Ltd versus Sanjeev Kumar
In a significant judgment on the Consumer Protection Act 2019, the Supreme Court on
Tuesday held that the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission(NCDRC) can
direct the deposit of the entire amount or more than 50% of the amount determined by
The Court added that however to pass such an order, the NCDRC has to pass a speaking
A bench comprising Justices MR Shah and BV Nagarathna laid down this dictum in a
case involving the interpretation of Section 51 of the Consumer Protection Act 2019,
[Case :Diamond Exports and another versus United India Insurance Co Ltd and others;
Citation : LL SC 736]
Settling a conflict between two division bench judgments, a 3-judge bench of the
Supreme Court on Tuesday clarified that the applications to condone the delay of more
than 45 days in filing the version of the opposite party in consumer cases, which were
pending as of March 4, 2020, will not be impacted by the ruling of the Constitution Bench
judgment in the case New India Assurance Company Limited vs. Hilli Multipurpose Cold
Storage Private Limited, which had held that Consumer Forum cannot condone the delay
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100. Court Cannot Second Guess Infrastructural Needs Of Armed Forces: SC Allows
[Case : Citizens for Green Doon vs Union of India; Citation : LL 2021 SC 737]
While allowing the Ministry of Defence's plea to allow the double lane widening of the
Char Dham highway due to strategic reasons, the Supreme Court said that it cannot
This observation was made by the bench headed by Justice DY Chandrachud while
allowing an application filed by the Ministry of Defence for the double-lane widening of
roads that are part of the 899-km Char Dham project in Uttarakhand. The court said it is
The Court also appointed former Supreme Court judge Justice AK Sikri as the head of
the oversight committee to ensure that the double-laning of the highway is in accordance
with the recommendations made by the High Powered Committee to address ecological
concerns.
Also Read :
The Good And Bad : Read 35 Important Supreme Court Judgments Of 2018
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