CARBOHYDRATE

RECOGNIZITION
EXPERIMENTS 1
Assist. Prof. Dr. Enver ÇIRACI
  Purpose of the experiment: Showing that dense
mineral acids separate all water molecules in
Coalization carbohydrate (dehydration) (exothermic).
(Carbonization)  Principle of the experiment: If the carbohydrates are
experiment treated with intense acids, they lose all water
molecules (OH and H groups) and become a simple
structure consisting of carbon chains.
  Concentrated H2SO4
 1 cube sugar
Experimental
 A few drops of concentrated H2SO4 are dripped on 1
Procedure sugar sugar.
 It is left to wait and observed.
The effect of
concentrated  Carbohydrates; When they react with non -oxidizing
mineral acids, they lose three molecular water and
acids on form dehydrate and form compounds called furfural.
carbohydrates  These derivatives form colored compounds with
(furfural various polyphenols.With these color reactions, it is
possible to determine the diagnosis and amount of
formation) carbohydrates in a fluid.
  Purpose of the Experiment: Investigating whether it is
a carbohydrate in an unknown solution.
Molisch  Principle of the experiment: The furfural compound,
experiment which is formed by concentrated H2SO4, is based on
the combination of color by combining with alpha
naphthol (polyphenol).
 This experiment is known as general carbohydrate
reaction.
 The negative result indicates that there is no
carbohydrate in the environment.
 Except for amino sugars, sugar alcohols and carboxylic
acids, all carbohydrates respond to this experiment
positively.
 The characteristic positive color is the red violet color.
 Containing more than four and four carbon
 Monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, etc.),
 Disaccharides (sakcorosis, maltose, etc.)
 Polishaccharides (glycogen, starch, etc.) give a positive
molish experiment.
  Alpha-naphthol reagents

Reagents  Glucose, lactose, starch solutions

 Concentrated H2SO4
 1. 2-3ml of sugar solution is placed in a tube.
2. 2-3 drops of alpha nafthol separator on it by adding
thoroughly shaken.
Experimental 3. After that, the tube leaned from the edge of the 2ml
procedure concentrated H2SO4 with two liquid layers.
4. The appearance of a red violet-colored ring on the
touch surface of the two liquids indicates that the
reaction is positive.
  The aim of the experiment is to understand whether
the carbohydrate is aldo-sugar or keto-sugar.
 Principle of the experiment: It is based on the
formation of 4-hydroxymethyl furfural with HCl effect
Seliwanoff of ketoses and forming a red compound with the
experiment addition of resortine.
 Ketohexoses form hydroxymethyl furfural more quickly
with HCl effect in heat than aldohexose. For this
reason, ketohexoses cause faster color formation than
aldohexoses.
  Glucose solutions
 Fructose solutions
Reagents  Concantrated HCl
 Resorsinol
 1. 5 ml of fructose and glucose solutions 1 ml concentrated HCl is
mixed.
2. It is left in the boiling water bath for 2-3 minutes.
3. Then a small amount of resorsinol is added.
Experimental 4. It is kept in a boiling water bath until a red color is formed in the
procedure fructose tube.
5. Glucose tube under the same conditions is not seen in red color.
If the Seliwanoff experiment is performed with sucrose solution,
positive results are obtained as fructose is easily released as
hydrolysis in the heat with sucrose HCl.