DESIGN AND PRINCIPLE FOR WSN GATEWAY

NEED FOR GATEWAY

PRESENTED TO : PRESENTED BY :

DR. RAJESHWAR DASS Kanika (20001003057)

Khushbu (20001003059)
Kirti (20001003060)
Kirti Dutt (20001003061)
 Introduction Of Gate Way In WSN

• In a wireless sensor network (WSN), a gateway serves as a bridge between the

sensor nodes and external networks or systems, such as the internet or a local
data processing center.
Design of Wireless Sensor Network
Gateway
• The design of a WSN gateway depends on the specific requirements
of the application. However, some general design considerations
include:
• Hardware: WSN gateways must be able to handle the high data
rates and large number of concurrent connections that are typical of
WSNs. They also need to be energy-efficient, as they are often
deployed in remote locations with limited power sources.
• Software: WSN gateway software must be able to translate between
the different communication protocols used by WSNs and other
networks. It must also be able to manage data aggregation and
filtering to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted
over the network.
 Principal WSN Gateway Concepts

• Interoperability: WSN gateways must be able to interoperate

with a variety of WSN sensor nodes and other networks. This
requires support for multiple communication protocols.
• Scalability: WSN gateways must be able to scale to support
large WSNs with thousands or even tens of thousands of
sensor nodes.
• Security: WSN gateways must be able to protect WSNs from
unauthorized access and attacks. This requires the
implementation of robust security measures.
•

Diagram of all layers including LSML and SQL

layer
Power management
Mobility management
Task management
.
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer

Networkda
layer

Data link layer

Physical layer
LSML / SQL
Data abstraction
 The different layers in the diagram are as
follows
• Data abstraction layer: This layer provides a unified view of the data from the WSN. It hides the details of
the underlying communication protocols and data formats from the user. This makes it easier to manage the
data from the WSN and to develop applications that use the data.
• LSML (Low-Power Sensor Middleware Layer): This layer sits between the data abstraction layer and the
transport layer. It provides a number of services to optimize the performance of WSN applications, such as
data aggregation, filtering, and compression. LSML also provides a number of features to improve the
security of WSN applications, such as authentication and encryption.
• SQA (Sensor Query and Answer) layer: This layer provides a query interface for the WSN. It allows users
to query the WSN for data without having to know the details of the underlying communication protocols. The
SQA layer also provides a number of features to optimize the performance of queries, such as data caching
and query aggregation.
• Transport layer: This layer is responsible for providing reliable end-to-end communication between
applications. It handles tasks such as flow control and error recovery.
• Network layer: This layer is responsible for routing packets between different nodes in the WSN and the
external network. It also handles tasks such as congestion control and addressing.
• Data link layer: This layer is responsible for framing data into packets and providing error control. It also
handles tasks such as medium access control (MAC) and routing.
• Physical layer: This layer is responsible for transmitting and receiving data over the wireless channel. It
handles tasks such as frequency selection, modulation, and demodulation.
 The three cross-layer planes in the diagram
are
• Power management plane: This plane is responsible for optimizing
the power consumption of the gateway. It handles tasks such as duty
cycling and low-power sleep modes.
• Mobility management plane: This plane is responsible for handling
the mobility of sensor nodes in the WSN. It handles tasks such as
handover and routing updates.
• Task management plane: This plane is responsible for distributing
tasks to sensor nodes in the WSN. It handles tasks such as
scheduling and load balancing.
These layers work together to provide a comprehensive and powerful
gateway for WSNs. They allow users to easily access and manage the
data from the WSN, while also providing a number of features to
optimize the performance and security of WSN applications.
 Need for WSN Gateways
• Aggregate and filter data: WSN gateways can aggregate and
filter sensor data before it is transmitted over the network. This
reduces the amount of data that needs to be transmitted and
can save bandwidth and energy.
• Provide power: WSN gateways can provide power to sensor
nodes. This is useful for sensor nodes that are deployed in
remote locations where access to power is limited.
• Provide backup connectivity: WSN gateways can provide
backup connectivity for sensor nodes. If a sensor node loses its
connection to the gateway, it can still connect to the network
through another gateway.
 Examples of WSN Gateway
Applications
• Environmental monitoring: WSN gateways are used to collect
environmental data from sensors such as temperature, humidity, and
air quality sensors. This data can be used to monitor environmental
conditions and identify potential problems.
• Smart buildings: WSN gateways are used to collect data from
sensors in smart buildings, such as occupancy sensors, energy
consumption sensors, and security sensors. This data can be used
to optimize building operations and improve energy efficiency.
• Industrial automation: WSN gateways are used to collect data from
sensors in industrial settings, such as vibration sensors, temperature
sensors, and pressure sensors. This data can be used to monitor
machine performance and identify potential problems before they
cause downtime.
 Primary Function Of WSN
Gateway
1.Communication: Gateways are responsible for establishing communication links with sensor
nodes, often using wireless communication protocols, and forwarding data to external systems.
2.Protocol Translation: They can translate data between the sensor network's communication
protocols and standard protocols used on the wider network, ensuring compatibility.
3.Data Processing: Gateways may perform initial data processing tasks, filtering, or basic analysis
before transmitting data to reduce the load on the central processing systems.
4.Data Aggregation: Gateway nodes collect data from various sensor nodes within the network and
aggregate it into a meaningful format for further processing or transmission.
5.Security:Gateway nodes often have security measures in place to protect the network from
unauthorized access or data breaches.
6.Connectivity: They enable remote monitoring and control of the sensor network, allowing users
or applications to access real-time data and control the connected devices.