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NETWORKS IN
INTERNET OF THINGS
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a powerful BS that links them to the Internet and a central manager for processing
all sensor nodes will not be typically able to communicate directly with the BS.
• This may be due to limited communication range, distance from the BS,
• Scalability
• Production Cost
• Operation Environment
• Quality of Service
• Data Aggregation
• Data Compression
• Data Latency
Fault performance:
Some sensor nodes may fail due to lack of power, have physical
damage. The failure of sensor nodes should not affect the overall task of the
sensor network. This is the fault tolerant issue. Fault tolerant is the ability to
sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor
node failures.
Scalability:
The number of sensor nodes deployed in the sensing area may be in
the order of hundreds, thousands or more and routing schemes must be
scalable enough to respond to events.
Production costs:
Since the sensor networks consists of large number of sensor
nodes, the cost of a single node is very important to justify the
overall cost of the networks and hence the cost of each sensor
node has to be kept low.
Operation environment:
We can set up sensor network in the interior of large machinery,
at the bottom of an ocean, in a biologically or chemically
contaminated field, in a battle field beyond the enemy lines, in a
home or a large building, in a large warehouse, attached to
animals, attached to fast moving vehicles, in forest area for
habitat monitoring etc .
Quality of service:
The quality of service means the quality service required by the application, it
could be the length of the life time, the data reliable, energy efficiency,
Data Aggregation:
Data aggregation is a combination of data from different sources by using functions
such as min, max, and average.
Data Compression:
Reducing the size of the data is called data compression.
Data latency:
These are considered as the important factors that influence routing protocol
design. Data aggregation and multi-hop relays cause data latency
CLASSIFICATION OF WSNS
From network architecture point of view
• Flat Architecture – each node plays the same role in
performing sensing task and all sensor nodes are
peers
• Hierarchical Architecture – sensor nodes are
organized clusters, where the cluster members send
their data to the sink.
Example – Hierarchical Architecture
APPLICATIONS IN WSN
INTERNET OF THINGS
• Before we begin with the IoT introduction, let's break
the term into Internet and Things and understand
these two terms first.
• Internet is “a global network connecting millions of
embedded hardware devices (computers,
smartphones and tablets) providing a variety of
information and communication facilities, consisting
of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols”.
• Things: Today, an average household has more
devices at home connected to the internet than the
number of people at the home.
• Each device on the internet is identifiable with a
unique ID, the IP address.
• “Things refers to any physical object with a device
that has its own IP address and can connect to a
network that also sends/receives data via network.”.
• IOT:
“A network of physical objects or ‘things’ that can
interact with each other to share information .
INTERNET OF THINGS-
LAYERS
IOT ARCHITECTURAL LAYERS
INTERNET OF THINGS
• WSNs are expected to be integrated into the “Internet of
Things”, where sensor nodes join the Internet dynamically,
and use it to collaborate and accomplish their tasks.
The Internet of objects would encode 50 to 100 trillion objects, and be able to follow
•Removing humanity
•We are currently at the Internet of Thing. Every manufacturer is creating a single
•More and more devices are connected to each other via Pats' Connect all the things
that you want. Drive to your home, garage door opens without pressing a button.
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