NETWORK & COMMUNICATION

ASPECTS IN IOT(Internet of things)

 Wireless Medium Access Issues
 MAC Protocol
 Survey Routing Protocols
 Sensor Deployment & Node Discovery
Wireless media issues in internet of things

 Wireless means communication and message transfer without the use of physical medium i.e., wires.
 Let us understand how communication is done between them. Different Mobile stations(MS) are
attached to a transmitter/receiver which communicates via a shared channel by other nodes.
 In this type of communication, it makes it difficult for the MAC design rather than the wirelines
networks.
 They very important issues which are observed are: Half Duplex operation ,Time varying channel, and
Brust channel errors.
Mac protocols for adhoc wireless networks:-

• MAC stands for Medium Access control Protocols.

• It is the first protocol layer above the physical layer in adhoc .
• The primary task of any MAC protocol is to control the access of the nodes to shared
medium.
• It takes the responsibility of transmitting data packets to and from one transmitting
device across shared channel.
 RESPonsibilities of mac :-

I. Distributed MAC operation.

II. Network overhead should be low.
III. Total Bandwidth must be allocated efficiently.
IV. Maximum the utilization of channel.
V. Good power control mechanism .
VI. Time synchronization among nodes.
Design issues of mac protocol :
• Bandwidth Efficiency – The shortage of data transfer capacity assets in these networks requires its proficient use.
To evaluate this , we could state that bandwidth capacity is the proportion of the bandwidth used for data
transmission to the complete accessible bandwidth capacity.
• Synchronization – some instruments must be found so as to give synchronization among the nodes.
• Hidden terminal problem – when there are two nodes, both are outside of each other’s range and try to
communicate with same node within their range at the same time , then there must be packet collision.
Survey routing protocols :-

• Internet of things is a buzz word now a day. It provides highly dynamic network with resource constraint devices.
In such dynamic environment , it becomes very difficult to maintain the topology of the network and create
several hurdles in the routing process due to nodes mobility and resource constraint nature . It has been recognized
that majority of energy of the nodes in IOT network is used in setting up the topology and retaining the topology
with the help of control packets. The aim of this work is to study currently existing routing protocols in the IOT
domain and wireless sensor networks and find out the various challenges in the current routing process of IOT
networks.
SENSOR DEPLOYMENT AND NODE
DISCOVERY :-
• When it comes to sensor deployment in IOT systems, one important aspect is node discovery . Node
discovery refer to the process of identifying and connecting sensors to the networks . It help in ensuring
that all sensors are properly integrated into the system and can communicate with other devices. This
enables the collection and transmission of data for various IOT applications.

• Sensor deployment involves strategically placing sensors in the environment to gather data. Node
discovery , is the process of identifying and connecting these sensor to the IOT network. It ensure that
then the sensor can communicate with other devices and share the collected data effectively . The
successful senor deployment and sensor play a crucial role in overall functionality and success of an IOT
system .
Different types of IOT sensor based on application areas
Thank you