TI4022 - MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN & KESEHATAN KERJA

SYSTEMATIC HUMAN ERROR REDUCTION AND PREDICTION APPROACH

(Studi Kasus: Tarik Tunai ATM)
𝐀𝐡𝐦𝐚𝐝 𝐑𝐢𝐟𝐚𝐢 𝐀𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐬𝐚𝐡1) , 𝐃𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐨 2) , 𝐔𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐀𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐧3)
Nomor Induk Mahasiswa: 134192131) , 134192112) , 134192373)
Program Studi Teknik Industri
Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Step 1 Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

Analysis of work activities: task performance can be expressed in terms of a hierarchy of goals (what
the person is seeking to achieve), operations (the activities executed to achieve the goals), and plans
(the sequence in which the operations are executed)
pin correct? Y – exit 0
pin correct? N – 2 Withdraw money

1 3 4 5 6
2
Prepare ATM Selecting cash Entering the Choosing GIRO or Take a money
Entering PIN
card withdraw from the desire amount savings button and ATM card
menu

1.1 1.2 4.1 4.2 6.2 6.3

Check the orientation of the card Inserting ATM into 6.1
Pressing the cash withdraw Pressing the OK Take a Take a ATM
according to the instruction the slot Take a money
amount button button receipt card

4.1 – amount nominal correct? Y 4.2 – exit 6.1 – 6.2 confirm the next transaction ? Y – 2
4.1 – amount nominal correct? N – 4.1 – 4.2 6.1 – 6.2 confirm the next transaction ? N – 6.3 – exit

Step 2: Task Classification

Action 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Retrieval 1.1, 1.2
Checking -
Selection 3, 5
Information Communication -

Step 3: Human-Error Identification (HEI)

Action Errors Checking Errors Retrieval Errors Communication Selection Errors
Errors
3 - A3 (Operation 1.1, 1.2 - R1 3 - A3 (Operation
in wrong (Information not in wrong
direction) Obtained) direction)
(4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 3 - A5 (Operation
6.3) - A8 in wrong
(Operation direction)
omitted)
Step 4: Consequence Analysis: Considering the consequence of each error on a system is an
essential next step, as the consequence has implications for the criticality of the error.

Step 5: Recovery Analysis: If there is a later task step at which the error could be recovered, it
is entered next. If there is no recovery step, then "None" is entered.

Step 6: Ordinal Probability Analysis: An ordinal probability value is entered as either low,
medium, or high. If the error has never been known to occur, then a low (L) probability is assigned. If
the error has occurred on previous occasions, then a medium (M) probability is assigned. Finally, if the
error occurs frequently, then a high (H) probability is assigned. The assigned classification relies upon
historical data and/or a subject-matter expert.

Step 7: Criticality Analysis: Criticality is assigned in a binary manner. If the error would lead to
a serious incident (this would have to be defined clearly before the analysis), then it is labeled as critical
(denoted thus:!). Typically, a critical consequence would be one that would lead to substantial damage
to plant or product and/or injury to personnel.

Step 8: Remedy Analysis

Task Error
Error description Consequence Recovery P C Remedial Strategy
Step Mode
ATM machine rejects
Enter wrong card Cannot
1.1 R1 None M - and signals if
orientation proceed
orientation is incorrect
ATM machine rejects
Inserting the wrong Cannot
1.2 R1 None L - and signals if the
card proceed
wrong card is inserted
Display an information
message such as
Fail to press PIN
2 A8 Blocked Immediate M ! "wrong pin, you have 2
button
more chances, please
enter the pin correctly"
Enter the
Wrong choice of
menu other Press the back
3 A3 cash withdrawal Immediate M -
than cash button
menu
withdrawal
Displays a
Cash
confirmation
Fail to pressing withdrawal
message such as 'Are
4.1 A8 the desire amount is Immediate M/H !
you sure the amount
account button not as
is correct and would
desired
like to proceed?
Displaying a
confirmation
Fail to press OK Cannot
4.2 A8 None L - message such as 'Are
button proceed
you sure you want to
proceed?'
Task Error
Error description Consequence Recovery P C Remedial Strategy
Step Mode
Displaying a
confirmation
message such as 'Are
you sure you want to
Fail to press Giro Cannot
5 A3 None M - proceed?', Providing
or Saving button proceed
a "Cancel" button or
"Back" function so
that users can
correct mistakes.
Audio or visual
reminders on the ATM
Forgetfulness to
6.1 A8 Finansial Loss None L ! machine prompting
take a money
users to retrieve their
card
loss of
Audio or visual
transaction
reminders on the ATM
Forgetfulness to proof and
6.2 A8 None M - machine prompting
take receipt potential
users to retrieve their
security risks
card
to information
Need action Task 2 or
Fails to retrieve the Audio or visual
card after the Finansial Loss, reminders on the ATM
6.3 A8 Immediate M !
transaction is Security Risk machine prompting
completed users to retrieve their
card