STEP - UP TEST 1 – ESSAY FRAMEWORKS

NOTE: This is just a sample framework. Essay writing is much broader than this framework. Develop your own
perspectives and ensure you do not restrict yourself to the framework provided here.

SECTION A
Q1. Ideals are peaceful. History is violent.

Introduction: Throughout human history, there has often been a noticeable gap between the ideals people strive for
and the complex realities they face. While ideals represent our aspirations for a better society, various factors such
as power struggles, cultural differences, and limited resources can lead to discrepancies between what we hope for
and what actually transpires.

Essence of the topic: This statement highlights the contrast between peaceful aspirations of ideals and the violent
realities often seen in historical events, illustrating the disparity between human aspirations and historical
outcomes.

Thesis statement: Discuss what you understand by ideals. Discuss how they are formed. Then discuss why ideals are
peaceful but history is violent.

Understanding ideals
● Ideals are principles, beliefs, or values that represent a person's vision of a perfect or ideal state of affairs.
● They serve as guiding standards that individuals or societies strive to achieve, often reflecting moral, ethical,
or aesthetic aspirations.
● Ideals can encompass concepts like justice, equality, freedom, and harmony, and they play a significant role
in shaping personal and collective goals.
● Formation of ideals
○ Cultural and Social Influences: Beliefs, traditions, and values passed down through generations can
shape our understanding of what is desirable and worth striving for.
■ For instance, The concept of "Ahimsa" (non-violence) from Jainism and Hinduism has led to
ideals of compassion, kindness, and non-violence in everyday life.
○ Personal Experiences: Personal experiences, whether positive or negative, can lead individuals to
develop ideals. Witnessing injustice or adversity might inspire a commitment to ideals like equality,
justice, or compassion.
○ Education and Exposure: Formal education, exposure to different perspectives, and engagement
with literature, art, and media can broaden our understanding of the world and influence the ideals
we hold.
○ Role Models and Leaders: Influential figures such as leaders, activists, and role models can inspire
people to adopt certain ideals. Their actions and words often resonate and encourage others to align
their values accordingly.

www.insightsonindia.com 1 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ■ For instance, figures like Mahatma Gandhi, who promoted nonviolent resistance, have left
a lasting impact on Indian ideals.
○ Social Movements and Change: Social movements advocating for justice, equality, and other
important issues can shape collective ideals. These movements bring attention to societal problems
and inspire people to align with their goals.
■ The civil rights movement in the United States was a catalyst for ideals of equality and
justice.
○ Ethical and Moral Considerations: Philosophical, ethical, and moral frameworks also influence the
development of ideals. Individuals may adopt certain principles based on their understanding of
what is right and just.
● Ideals can vary widely among individuals and cultures, and they may evolve due to changing circumstances
and perspectives.

Ideals are peaceful, but history is not without violence

● Ideals often embody concepts like nonviolence, harmony, and cooperation, aspiring to create a peaceful
and just world. However, the reality of human history shows that achieving these ideals can be challenging
due to various factors
○ Conflict of Interests: In reality, individuals, groups, and nations often have competing interests.
Disagreements over resources, power, or ideology can lead to conflicts that deviate from the ideal
of nonviolence.
○ Power Dynamics: Hierarchies and power imbalances exist in societies. Those in positions of power
might resort to force to maintain control, even if it contradicts the ideal of nonviolence.
○ Cultural Differences: Different cultures and perspectives can clash, leading to misunderstandings
and, in some cases, violence. Bridging these gaps requires more than just embracing nonviolence; it
demands dialogue and empathy.
○ Historical Baggage: Past grievances and historical conflicts can perpetuate cycles of violence.
Overcoming these legacies requires addressing deep-rooted issues that often extend beyond the
scope of immediate nonviolent actions.
○ Human Nature: While ideals aim to transcend human shortcomings, factors like fear, anger, and
greed can influence human behaviour. These emotions can lead to actions that contradict the ideal
of nonviolence.
○ Limited Resources: Scarcity of resources can lead to competition and conflict. The struggle for basic
needs might overshadow the pursuit of nonviolent solutions in challenging circumstances.

Societies transform by understanding violence, not just through peaceful ideals

● Transformation of societies involves more than just setting peaceful ideals; it requires a deep understanding
of violence and its root causes.
● Identifying Underlying Issues: Understanding violence involves recognizing the underlying factors that lead
to conflict and aggression. By addressing these root causes such as inequality, discrimination, and lack of
resources, societies can work towards preventing violence at its source.
● Creating Inclusive Solutions: An understanding of violence helps societies create inclusive solutions that
involve all stakeholders.
● Breaking Cycles of Violence: Many societies are caught in cycles of violence due to historical grievances and
unresolved conflicts. Understanding the history and context of violence is crucial for breaking these cycles
and fostering reconciliation.
● Effective Interventions: Without a clear understanding of violence, interventions might only address its
symptoms rather than its root causes.

www.insightsonindia.com 2 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ● Building Sustainable Peace: Transformation is about creating sustainable peace, not just the absence of
conflict. Understanding violence helps societies develop strategies that promote long-term stability and
prosperity.
● Policy Development: Developing effective policies to curb violence requires a nuanced understanding of
societal dynamics. Policies should address not only the immediate manifestations of violence but also the
underlying conditions that contribute to it.

Conclusion: While ideals represent the noble aspirations of humanity for harmony and justice, the pages of history
are often marked by conflict and aggression. This juxtaposition serves as a reminder of the complex interplay
between human ambition and the harsh realities that shape our past, present, and future.

Q2. Objectivity is the summation of subjectivity.

Introduction: The objectivity-subjectivity debate in social research revolves around the question of whether
researchers can achieve complete objectivity or if their personal subjectivity inevitably influences the research
process and outcomes. The debate often centres on whether true objectivity is possible in social research, given that
human researchers are inherently subjective beings.

Essence of the topic: It means that objectivity encompasses shared interpretations while considering diverse
subjectivities, forming a balanced and credible perspective in research and understanding.

Thesis statement: Explain what you understand by the given topic. Discuss the concepts of objectivity and
subjectivity. Then discuss how objectivity can be a summation of subjectivity.

Understanding objectivity
● Objectivity" refers to the idea of conducting research in a way that is free from personal biases, emotions,
and opinions.
● It means the willingness and ability to examine evidence dispassionately. It is the first condition of research.
● Objectivity means basing conclusions on facts without any bias and value judgment.
● The conclusion should be independent of one’s personal beliefs, likes, dislikes and hopes. Both the data and
the inference drawn from their analysis must be free from bias and prejudices.
● Objectivity is a goal of scientific investigation. Objectivity presupposes an independent reality that can be
grasped.
● If there is no independent reality, or if reality cannot be apprehended, or if reality is merely the concoction
of the observer, then the notion of objectivity is moot.

Is there an absolute objective reality?

● The subjective is characterised primarily by perceiving mind. The objective is characterised primarily by
physical extension in space and time.
● The simplest sort of discrepancy between subjective judgement and objective reality is well illustrated by
John Locke’s example of holding one hand in ice water and the other hand in hot water for a few
moments.
● When one places both hands into a bucket of tepid water, one experiences competing subjective
experiences of one and the same objective reality.
● One hand feels it as cold, the other feels it as hot. Thus, one perceiving mind can hold side-by-side clearly
differing impressions of a single object. From this experience, it seems to follow that two different
perceiving minds could have clearly differing impressions of a single object.
● That is, two people could put their hands into the bucket of water, one describing it as cold, the other
describing it as hot. Or, more plausibly, two people could step outside, one describing the weather as chilly,
the other describing it as pleasant.

www.insightsonindia.com 3 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
Understanding Subjectivity
● Subjectivity," on the other hand, acknowledges that researchers bring their own backgrounds, beliefs, and
experiences to their work. These factors can shape the way they perceive and interpret data, potentially
leading to biased or skewed findings.
● Subjectivity can have positive aspects in social research, as it can bring depth, context, and a human
perspective to the study of complex social phenomena
● Richness of Understanding: Subjectivity allows researchers to delve into the lived experiences, emotions,
and motivations of individuals. This depth of understanding can lead to insights that quantitative data alone
might not capture.
● Contextualization: Subjective viewpoints provide context to social issues, helping researchers understand
the unique cultural, historical, and societal factors that shape people's behaviours and attitudes.
● Exploration of Complex Topics: In areas where objective data might be difficult to obtain or insufficient to
explain certain complexities, subjectivity allows researchers to explore nuances that might otherwise be
missed.
● Generating Hypotheses: Subjective observations and insights can serve as the starting point for generating
hypotheses and research questions, which can then be further tested using more objective methods.
● Representation of Marginalised Voices: Subjectivity can be particularly important in amplifying the voices of
marginalised or underrepresented groups, shedding light on experiences that might otherwise go
unnoticed.

We can go closer to objective reality by understanding diverse subjective lived experiences

● Understanding diverse subjective lived experiences is a crucial step toward approaching a more objective
understanding of reality in social research
● Comprehensive View: By studying a wide range of subjective experiences, researchers can capture a more
complete and nuanced picture of a phenomenon. This helps in minimising the risk of bias that might arise
from focusing solely on one perspective.
● Challenging Assumptions: Exploring a variety of subjective viewpoints can challenge preconceived notions
and assumptions, pushing researchers to question their own biases and consider alternative explanations.
● Identifying Patterns: Analysing patterns and commonalities across different subjective experiences can lead
to the identification of broader trends and themes, enhancing the reliability and generalizability of findings.
● Empathy and Connection: Engaging with diverse subjective narratives fosters empathy and a deeper
connection between researchers and the subjects of their study. This can lead to more meaningful and
respectful research outcomes.
● Cultural Sensitivity: An understanding of diverse subjective lived experiences promotes cultural sensitivity,
enabling researchers to approach their work with respect for different worldviews and practices.

Conclusion: For a sense of "objective" to be plausible, it indeed requires universal intersubjective agreement. This
means that multiple observers or researchers, regardless of their personal beliefs or backgrounds, would come to
the same conclusions when examining the same data or situation. Achieving universal intersubjective agreement
implies that the findings are independent of personal biases and viewpoints, providing a more accurate
representation of reality.

Q3. There is no such thing as a good war or a bad peace.

Introduction: Thinkers in the ancient world, from China to Greece to Rome, regarded military might as essential for
the maintenance of international order. The Chinese General Sun Tzu advised, “In peace prepare for war, in war
prepare for peace”. Aristotle noted that “We make war so that we may live in peace”; while the Roman General
Vegetius remarked, “If you want peace, prepare for war”. More recently, this “realist” view of international

www.insightsonindia.com 4 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
relations was echoed by US President Theodore Roosevelt when he coined the phrase “speak softly, but carry a big
stick”.

Essence of the topic: This statement emphasises that war inherently brings suffering, making it difficult to label any
war as "good." Similarly, while peace agreements might have drawbacks, the alternative of ongoing conflict is usually
worse. It underscores the complexity of these choices.

Thesis statement: Explain the concept of war and peace. Discuss what is just or good war. Then discuss why there is
no such thing as good war and bad peace.

Understanding Peace
● Peace, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is the absence or the end of war. So on one level, peace is
a negative concept. It cannot exist without war, just as death is a meaningless concept without life.
● For some, however, “true” peace is a positive concept, signifying harmony in world affairs, or perhaps well-
managed social conflict.
● Peace is often defined as the absence of war. The definition is simple but misleading. This is because war is
usually equated with armed conflict between countries.
● While every war leads to an absence of peace, every absence of peace need not take the form of war.
● The second step in defining peace would be to see it as the absence of violent conflict of all kinds including
war, riot, massacre, assassination, or simply physical attack.
● This definition is clearly better than the earlier one. Yet, it does not take us very far. Violence is often rooted
in the very structure of society. Social institutions and practices that reinforce entrenched inequalities of
caste, class and gender, can also cause injury in subtle and invisible ways.
● If any challenge is made to these hierarchies by oppressed classes it may also breed conflict and violence.
‘Structural violence’ of this kind may produce large-scale evil consequences

Understanding the concept of Just/Good war

● The concept of a "just war" is a moral and ethical framework that seeks to establish criteria for determining
when the use of military force can be considered morally justified.
● It is rooted in the belief that while war is generally undesirable, there may be exceptional circumstances in
which resorting to armed conflict can be morally permissible.
● Just Cause: The use of force must have a legitimate and morally justifiable reason, such as self-defence
against an imminent threat or protecting innocent lives.
● Right Intention: The intention behind resorting to war should be aimed at achieving a just and peaceful
outcome rather than pursuing selfish or aggressive goals.
● Last Resort: Military force should only be used when all other non-violent means of resolving the conflict
have been exhausted or proven ineffective.
● Proportional Response: The level of force used in war should be proportional to the threat and should not
exceed what is necessary to achieve the just cause.

The World is over-armed and peace is under-funded

● Many defence establishments now recognize that security means far more than protecting borders.
● Grave security concerns can arise as a result of demographic trends, chronic poverty, economic inequality,
environmental degradation, pandemic diseases, organized crime, repressive governance and other
developments no state can control alone. Arms can’t address such concerns.
● Yet there has been a troubling lag between recognizing these new security challenges and launching new
policies to address them.
● National budget priorities still tend to reflect the old paradigms. Massive military spending and new
investments in modernizing nuclear weapons have left the world over-armed — and peace underfunded.

www.insightsonindia.com 5 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ● Here you can compare military budgets with health and education budgets to substantiate.

Why is there no such thing as a good war and bad peace?

● Human Cost: Wars lead to loss of life, injuries, and displacement of countless individuals, causing irreversible
pain and trauma to families and communities involved.
○ The Syrian Civil War has led to the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives, leaving families
devastated and communities torn apart by the irreversible pain and trauma of conflict.
● Social Disruption: Societies torn apart by war experience disruption of institutions, infrastructure, and
economies, resulting in long-term instability and a struggle to rebuild.
● Economic Impact: Wars drain resources that could otherwise be channelled into development, healthcare,
education, and other areas essential for societal progress.
○ The Gulf War in the early 1990s led to the diversion of significant resources from essential sectors
like education and healthcare in Iraq, impacting societal progress.
● Humanitarian Crises: Wars create humanitarian crises with refugees, internally displaced people, and
vulnerable populations bearing the brunt of the turmoil.
○ The conflict in South Sudan has created a humanitarian crisis, displacing millions of people and
leaving them vulnerable to hunger, disease, and violence.
● Environmental Destruction: Wars often wreak havoc on the environment, polluting land, air, and water, and
causing long-term ecological harm.
○ The Vietnam War resulted in widespread deforestation due to the use of chemical agents like Agent
Orange, causing long-lasting ecological damage and health issues.
● Escalation Risk: The fog of war and unintended consequences can lead to conflicts spiralling out of control,
causing further suffering beyond initial intentions.
○ The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered World War I, a conflict that escalated
beyond the initial intentions of the involved parties, causing immense suffering worldwide.
● Psychological Scars: The psychological impact of war extends beyond physical harm, leading to trauma,
anxiety, and long-lasting emotional scars.

Conclusion: While war brings about immeasurable suffering, loss, and destruction regardless of its intentions,
peace, even if imperfect, offers a chance for healing, cooperation, and progress. Recognizing that the consequences
of conflict are overwhelmingly negative and that the pursuit of peace requires compromise, empathy, and
diplomacy, this perspective serves as a reminder of the enduring value of seeking peaceful solutions to global
challenges.

Q4. Writing hand writes the fate of the world.

Introduction: Writers can play a vital role in shaping the destiny of nations. They can use their work to raise
awareness, create a shared identity, challenge the status quo, and encourage creativity and innovation. By doing so,
they can help to build a better future for all.

Essence of the topic: It means that the written word has the power to inform, educate, inspire, and change the
world. It is through writing that we communicate our ideas, share our stories, and create new possibilities. The
writing hand is the instrument that shapes the fate of the world, one word at a time.

Thesis statement: Explain what you understand by the statement. Discuss how writings have shaped the destiny of
societies in the past. Then discuss how writings are shaping the future.

Writing holds immense power in shaping the destiny of the world

● Literature reflects society's values, challenges, and aspirations, influencing collective consciousness

www.insightsonindia.com 6 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ○ Literature serves as a mirror to society. It captures the values, challenges, and aspirations of a
particular time and place, giving readers insight into different perspectives and experiences.
○ By exploring diverse characters and narratives, literature has the ability to shape and expand
collective consciousness, fostering empathy, understanding, and critical thinking.
○ It often highlights societal issues, provokes discussions, and contributes to the broader cultural
dialogue, making it a powerful tool for influencing societal change.
○ In the Enlightenment, the philosopher Voltaire used his writings to attack religious superstition and
promote social reform.
○ Basavanna's writings challenged the caste system and promoted equality for all people, regardless
of their caste or social status.
○ Classic literary works like "1984" by George Orwell or "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley have
depicted dystopian futures, raising awareness about potential societal dangers and encouraging
readers to think critically about their world.
○ Such works can inspire collective conversations that impact how societies evolve.

Laws create the framework for societies and influence the destiny of societies.
● Laws provide the structure and rules that govern societies, shaping how people interact, resolve conflicts,
and access justice.
● They define rights, responsibilities, and boundaries, ensuring order and stability.
● The creation and enforcement of laws directly influence a society's trajectory by shaping its values,
promoting equality or perpetuating inequality, and determining the rights and freedoms of individuals.
● In this way, laws play a significant role in determining the destiny of societies.

Media shapes public opinion, disseminating information that can sway perspectives and decisions
● The media holds considerable power in shaping public opinion and influencing decisions that can impact the
course of a society. Through various forms of media such as news, television, social media, and more,
information is disseminated to a wide audience.
● This information can shape perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs, ultimately affecting the choices people make
as individuals and as a collective.
● The media's ability to highlight certain issues, frame discussions, and provide different viewpoints can
significantly contribute to determining the destiny of societies by steering their priorities and actions.

Algorithms, not writing hand shaping the fate of the world today
● They are determining who gets what information: Algorithms are used to decide what news articles, social
media posts, and products we see. This can have a big impact on our opinions and behaviour.
○ For example, if we are only shown news articles that confirm our existing beliefs, we may become
more polarised and less open to new ideas.
● They are influencing our decisions: Algorithms are used to make recommendations for everything from
what movies to watch to what products to buy. These recommendations can have a big impact on our
spending habits and our overall well-being.
○ For example, if we are constantly being shown ads for unhealthy foods, we may be more likely to
make unhealthy choices.
● Overall, algorithms are having a profound impact on the world today. They are shaping the way we get
information, make decisions, and interact with the world around us. It is important to be aware of how
algorithms are affecting our lives and to use them in a responsible way.

If society does not value reading, writing will be insignificant

www.insightsonindia.com 7 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ● In a society that does not value reading, the significance of writing can indeed diminish.
● Reading and writing are interconnected skills that foster communication, critical thinking, and the
preservation of knowledge.
● However, the rise of screen addiction can pose challenges to the appreciation of these skills.
○ Screen addiction, often associated with excessive use of electronic devices like smartphones, tablets,
and computers, can lead to a decline in reading and writing activities
○ Reduced Attention Span: Screen addiction can contribute to shorter attention spans, making it
difficult for individuals to engage with longer pieces of writing or complex texts.
○ Instant Gratification: Many online activities provide instant gratification through likes, shares, or
quick bursts of entertainment. This contrasts with the patience required for reading and the time
investment needed to develop writing skills.
○ Shallow Information Consumption: Social media platforms and websites often present information
in bite-sized formats. This can discourage individuals from engaging with longer, more
comprehensive pieces of writing that require sustained focus.
○ Loss of Cultural Heritage: Writing is a vehicle for preserving cultural heritage, history, and stories. A
society that doesn't value reading and writing may risk losing its connection to its past and its
ability to pass down knowledge to future generations.
● To address these challenges, it's important for society to strike a balance between screen-based activities
and traditional reading and writing practices.

Conclusion: The words we write have the power to inform, educate, inspire, and change the world. They can shape
our thoughts, our actions, and our destinies. In the hands of the right people, the written word can be a powerful
tool for good. The fate of the world is not written in stone. It is up to us to write our own destiny. We can use the
written word to create a better future for ourselves and for generations to come.

SECTION B

Q5. The lust for comfort murders the passion of the soul.

Introduction: In a world increasingly driven by convenience and comfort, the profound words of this quote by Kahlil
Gibran illuminate a hidden dilemma that often goes unnoticed. As human beings, our innate desire for ease and
security can inadvertently stifle the fervour and intensity of our soul's deepest yearnings.

Essence of the topic: It means that Prioritising comfort stifles soulful passion. The pursuit of ease and security can
lead to stagnation, fear of failure, and limited exploration.

Thesis statement: Explain what you understand by the topic. Justify why pursuit of comfort murders the passion of
the soul. Discuss why to seek comfort.
In the realm of work, we pursue ease rather than passionate exhaustion.
● In the relentless pursuit of modern professional life, a conspicuous shift has taken place.
● What was once a quest for fulfilment and passionate engagement in one's work has now, to a considerable
extent, transformed into a pursuit of comfort and convenience.
● The contemporary workplace often celebrates efficiency, automation, and convenience, inadvertently
downplaying the intrinsic value of pouring one's heart and soul into a task until weariness blends with
fulfilment.
● This phenomenon is epitomized by the "kaamchor" attitude, a term that encapsulates a lackadaisical
approach to work, where individuals seek to do the bare minimum to achieve comfort rather than
immersing themselves in the sweat and toil that accompanies genuine passion.

www.insightsonindia.com 8 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
In Insecure environments where we compete for limited resources all the time makes us seek comfort.
● In India, the backdrop of an insecure environment and the perpetual competition for limited resources cast
a profound influence on our choices, including the tendency to prioritize comfort over passionate pursuits.
● The inherent scarcity of opportunities, jobs, and resources creates an atmosphere of intense competition,
prompting individuals to prioritise stability and security in a bid to navigate the challenging landscape.
● This environment often moulds mindsets towards risk aversion, discouraging people from venturing into
uncharted territories that might involve pursuing their passions.
● The pressure to secure a stable income and social status in the face of such competition can lead
individuals to opt for well-trodden paths rather than embracing the uncertainties that can accompany
passionate endeavours.

Why do we lust for comfort?

● Survival Instinct: Evolutionarily, seeking comfort was essential for survival. Our ancestors gravitated towards
safe and secure environments to protect themselves from threats, which has translated into a modern-day
desire for comfort and security.
● Reduced Stress: Comfortable surroundings and routines tend to reduce stress levels. The predictability and
familiarity of comfort zones provide a sense of control and stability, which the brain interprets as safety.
● Instant Gratification: Comfortable choices often offer immediate gratification. This satisfies our desire for
instant rewards and pleasure, making comfort an attractive option in comparison to pursuits that may
involve delayed gratification or uncertainty.
● Fear of Failure: Pursuing passions can involve setbacks and failures. Opting for comfort may stem from a fear
of failing or not meeting personal or societal expectations, which can damage self-esteem and reputation.

The pursuit of comfort, while natural and often essential for our well-being, can indeed dampen the flames of
passion within us
● Stagnation: Comfort often breeds complacency and stagnation. When we settle into routines that prioritise
ease and predictability, we become resistant to change and growth. This lack of challenge and novelty can
extinguish the fire of passion that thrives on exploration and evolution.
● Shallow Fulfilment: Comfort often provides shallow and fleeting satisfaction. In contrast, passion brings
profound fulfilment and a sense of purpose that extends beyond momentary pleasures. Relying solely on
comfort can lead to a superficial existence devoid of deeper meaning.
● Diminished Drive: Comfortable situations can diminish the drive to excel and achieve. Passion, on the other
hand, fuels motivation and pushes us to strive for excellence, setting and pursuing ambitious goals.
● Regret and Unfulfilled Potential: Over time, consistently prioritising comfort at the expense of passion can
lead to regret and a sense of unfulfilled potential. The soul yearns for a life rich with purpose and meaning,
which the pursuit of passion can fulfil.

Conclusion: While comfort has its merits, its unchecked pursuit can stifle the vibrant energy of passion that
enriches our lives and propels us towards deeper fulfilment and self-actualization. Achieving a harmonious balance
between comfort and passionate pursuit is key to nurturing both our well-being and the essence of our soul.

Q6. Politeness is to human nature what warmth is to wax.

Introduction: The energy and attitude we emit can significantly influence how others respond to us. The vibes we
send out, whether positive or negative, can shape the dynamics of interpersonal interactions. Our demeaned, body
language, tone of voice, and overall demeanour create an atmosphere that others pick up on and react to. Positive
vibes can foster openness, cooperation, and connection, while negative vibes may lead to defensiveness or
tension. This principle underscores the power of our own attitude in shaping the quality of our interactions and
relationships.

www.insightsonindia.com 9 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
Essence of the topic: It suggests that just as warmth softens and shapes wax, politeness influences and moulds
human behavior. Politeness, like warmth, has a transformative effect on interactions, making them more pliable,
pleasant, and conducive to positive outcomes.

Thesis statement: Discuss what you understand by the topic. Explain the concept of politeness. Compare politeness
with warmth, and discuss how they impact human nature and wax. Explain all the metaphors given in the topic.

Understanding Politeness
● Politeness is a social virtue that encompasses courteous, respectful, and considerate behaviour towards
others. It involves treating individuals with kindness, empathy, and sensitivity, regardless of their status or
background.
● Politeness entails using polite language, displaying good manners, and adhering to social norms and
customs.
● It facilitates harmonious interactions by fostering a positive and respectful atmosphere. Polite
communication involves active listening, avoiding offensive or confrontational language, and
acknowledging others' viewpoints.
● Politeness isn't merely a superficial display; it reflects genuine regard for others' feelings and establishes a
foundation for effective communication and relationship-building.

Human interactions extend beyond spoken words and actions to include subtler forms of communication.
● There exists a nuanced layer of communication that operates through subtler channels, shaping the overall
dynamics of our interactions
● Body Language: Our posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact convey a wealth of information
about our feelings, attitudes, and intentions. These nonverbal cues often reveal more about our thoughts
and emotions than words alone.
● Tone of Voice: The way we say something, including our pitch, intonation, and speed, can dramatically alter
the meaning of our words. A simple sentence can take on different nuances based on the tone we use.
● Micro expressions: These fleeting facial expressions reveal genuine emotions that might be contrary to what
we're saying. They're difficult to control and provide insight into a person's true feelings.
● Empathy and Listening: Our ability to empathize, truly listen, and understand another person's perspective
enhances the quality of communication and builds rapport.
● These subtler forms of communication operate in tandem with verbal language, often influencing the
meaning, impact, and emotional resonance of our interactions.

Politeness is to human nature what warmth is to wax.

● Just as warmth softens and moulds wax, politeness has the ability to shape and influence human
interactions.
○ Politeness, like warmth, makes individuals more pliable and receptive. It eases communication,
fostering a sense of comfort and understanding that allows people to connect and engage more
effectively.
○ Moreover, just as wax retains the shape given by warmth, politeness leaves a lasting impression
on human interactions, shaping the way people remember and perceive each other. This analogy
underscores how politeness has the potential to shape and enhance the essence of human nature,
creating positive and lasting connections
● People are more likely to remember positive and respectful exchanges, which in turn can shape future
interactions and relationships.

The Story of Angulimala: An illustration

www.insightsonindia.com 10 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ● Angulimala was a notorious serial killer who had taken a vow to collect 1,000 human fingers as part of a
gruesome ritual.
● Despite his violent nature, when he encountered the Buddha, the Buddha's unwavering politeness,
compassion, and peaceful demeanour had a profound impact on him.
● The Buddha's ability to remain composed and treat Angulimala with kindness and respect was a
demonstration of his profound understanding of the power of nonviolence and compassion.
● Instead of responding to Angulimala's aggression with fear or hostility, the Buddha responded with genuine
concern for his well-being.
● This act of politeness and compassion touched Angulimala's heart, leading him to abandon his violent ways
and eventually embrace a path of spiritual transformation.

Conclusion: People naturally respond to the emotional undercurrents we radiate, influencing their level of comfort,
willingness to engage, and overall receptiveness. This phenomenon is closely tied to nonverbal communication, such
as body language and facial expressions, as well as the emotional energy we project through our words and tone.
Ultimately, understanding the impact of the vibes we send out helps us navigate social interactions more
effectively, contributing to more positive and harmonious relationships.

Q7. Everything is connected, but the connections are invisible.

Introduction: In the tapestry of existence, an intricate truth unveils itself: everything is bound by hidden threads of
connection. While our eyes may not perceive these delicate bonds, they shape the world around us. Just as the wind
whispers through leaves, the unseen connections intertwine, reminding us of the profound unity that underlies the
apparent diversity of life.

Essence of the topic: It means the universe's interconnectedness is real, but its links remain hidden. Forces like
causality, ecology, and emotions weave an intricate web that shapes our world beyond what meets the eye.

Thesis statement: Explain what you understand by the topic. Discuss about interconnection. Discuss why it is not
visible to us.

We don’t give enough attention to the interconnectedness

● In our fast-paced and often fragmented modern lives, the awareness of interconnectedness tends to take a
backseat. Here's an examination of why we often overlook this profound interconnectedness
● Digital Age Distractions: The digital era bombards us with information and stimuli, diverting our attention
from the subtler interconnected aspects of life. Constant screen engagement can create a disconnect from
the natural world and the intricate relationships within it.
● Busy Lifestyles: The hustle and bustle of modern life leave little room for contemplation. We might overlook
the interdependencies that sustain our daily lives as we rush through tasks and responsibilities.
● Disconnection from Nature: Urbanisation and technological advancements can alienate us from the natural
world. This disconnection makes it harder to see the intricate relationships between ecosystems and our role
within them.
● Specialisation: The advancement of specialised fields has led to a deeper understanding within narrow
domains. However, this specialisation can result in silos of knowledge, where experts may not see how their
expertise intersects with other disciplines.
● Focus on Individualism: Modern societies emphasise individual achievements and success. This hyper-
individualism can lead to a narrowed perspective, where personal goals overshadow the recognition of how
our actions impact others and the broader world.

The concept of interconnectedness in nature might not always be visibly apparent, but its presence becomes
evident through the consequences and ripple effects that occur

www.insightsonindia.com 11 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ● Ecosystem Balance: Changes in one species or aspect of an ecosystem can lead to a chain reaction of effects.
○ For instance, the decline of a predator population can result in an increase in its prey, disrupting
the balance of the entire ecosystem.
● Biodiversity: The presence or absence of certain species can affect the overall health and diversity of an
ecosystem. Loss of biodiversity due to the extinction of one species can trigger a domino effect, impacting
other species and the ecosystem's functionality.
● Climate Change: Actions that disrupt one part of the climate system, such as deforestation or excessive
carbon emissions, can lead to far-reaching consequences like altered weather patterns, rising sea levels, and
habitat loss.
● Food Webs: In intricate food webs, the decline of one species can affect multiple trophic levels. This can
result in population imbalances, affecting both prey and predator species.
● Pollination: The interconnectedness between plants and pollinators, such as bees, is essential for agriculture
and ecosystem health. Changes in one can disrupt the pollination process and impact the availability of
food sources.

The instrumental gaze through which humans often view the world can hinder the appreciation of the intricate
interconnectedness of nature
● Utilitarian Perspective: The instrumental gaze tends to view nature primarily as a resource to be exploited
for human needs. This utilitarian approach focuses on the tangible benefits nature provides, often
overlooking the broader ecological relationships.
● Reductionism: This perspective breaks down complex systems into isolated parts, which can prevent us from
recognizing the holistic connections and interdependencies that contribute to the functioning of ecosystems.
● Technological Lens: A heavy reliance on technology can distance us from direct experiences with nature,
making it harder to grasp the nuanced interplay between different elements.
● Linear Thinking: An instrumental mindset often follows linear thought patterns, which fail to capture the
cyclical and dynamic nature of ecosystems' interconnected processes.
● Ego-Centric Worldview: A focus on human desires and achievements can lead to an ego-centric worldview,
blinding us to the intrinsic value of non-human entities and their roles within ecosystems.
● Anthropocentrism: Prioritising human interests above all else perpetuates a view of nature as merely a
backdrop to human activities, rather than recognizing its inherent worth and interwoven relationships.
● Lack of Contemplation: The instrumental gaze encourages immediate action without contemplating the
broader implications. This rush can prevent us from seeing the long-term consequences of our decisions.

Conclusion: While the threads of interconnectedness might not be visible to the naked eye, the web of cause and
effect woven throughout nature underscores the importance of understanding and respecting these complex
relationships. It reinforces the idea that every action, no matter how seemingly isolated, can reverberate through
the intricate fabric of our interconnected world.

Q8. We must raise both the ceiling and the floor.

Introduction: Aiming solely to raise the ceiling can lead to disparities and exclusion. Exceptional achievements are
indeed worth encouraging, but an excessive focus on excellence without addressing basic needs can lead to social
unrest and inequality. Conversely, focusing exclusively on raising the floor might deter innovation and the pursuit of
greatness, which can propel societies forward.

Essence of the topic: It encapsulates the idea of pursuing balance and equity in various contexts. It implies elevating
the upper limits of achievement while also ensuring a minimum baseline of well-being

Thesis statement: Discuss what you understand by the given topic. Discuss what these metaphors (floor and ceiling)

www.insightsonindia.com 12 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
represent. Then discuss the consequences of valuing one at the cost of the other.

What does raising the ceiling mean?

● In the realm of opportunity, raising the ceiling means fostering an environment where individuals can reach
their full potential and exceed their own expectations.
● Encouraging innovation, nurturing talents, and providing avenues for growth can empower individuals to
soar beyond their perceived limitations.
● Aspiring to elevate the ceiling is about unlocking human potential, pushing boundaries, and enabling those
with exceptional abilities to thrive.

What does raising the floor mean?

● Raising the floor pertains to ensuring that even the most vulnerable in society have access to essential
resources and a dignified standard of living.
● It involves addressing systemic inequalities, offering adequate education, healthcare, and social support to
uplift those at risk of falling through the cracks.
● Raising the floor is a commitment to human dignity, recognizing that a society's progress is measured by
how well it safeguards the well-being of its least advantaged members.

Communism raised the floor at the cost of the ceiling

● Communist philosophy aimed to address socioeconomic inequalities by focusing primarily on raising the
floor of society.
● It sought to eliminate private ownership of means of production, advocating for collective ownership and
redistribution of resources to ensure everyone's basic needs were met.
● However, the emphasis on equalising wealth often led to limitations on individual advancement and
innovation, as well as centralised control that restricted the pursuit of excellence.
● While the intention was to uplift the marginalised, the neglect of incentives for personal achievement and
entrepreneurial growth created imbalances and stifled the potential for higher achievements.

Liberalism raised the ceiling at the cost of the floor

● Liberalism, particularly in its laissez-faire economic form, has often prioritised raising the ceiling of
achievement and wealth accumulation.
● The focus on individual liberties, free markets, and limited government intervention aimed to create an
environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurial growth.
● However, this approach could sometimes neglect the concerns of the floor by not adequately addressing
social safety nets and equitable distribution of resources.
● As a result, while liberalism aimed to foster prosperity and personal advancement, it could lead to
disparities in wealth, access to basic necessities, and social safety nets.
● The challenge lies in finding a balance that promotes both individual success and societal well-being,
addressing the needs of both the ceiling and the floor.

To create a just and thriving society, both the aspiration for excellence and the commitment to basic human rights
must coexist
● Balanced Progress: Striving for excellence drives innovation, economic growth, and intellectual
advancement.
○ However, without a commitment to basic human rights, progress can become skewed, benefiting
only a privileged few while leaving others behind.
○ A balanced approach ensures that societal development is inclusive and benefits everyone.
● Dignity and Respect:

www.insightsonindia.com 13 instacourses.insightsonindia.com
 ○ Upholding basic human rights acknowledges the intrinsic worth and dignity of every individual.
○ It recognizes that regardless of one's talents or achievements, everyone deserves to be treated
with respect and afforded fundamental rights like education, healthcare, and a decent standard of
living.
● Social Cohesion
○ When a society fosters an environment where everyone has access to basic rights, it promotes social
cohesion and reduces disparities.
○ This sense of equity and inclusion helps build trust among citizens and fosters a collective identity
that is essential for stability and progress.
● Long-Term Sustainability:
○ A focus solely on excellence without a foundation of human rights can lead to short-term gains at
the cost of long-term stability.
○ Neglecting the needs of marginalised populations can result in social unrest, inequality, and a lack of
social harmony, ultimately hindering sustainable progress.
● Ethical Imperative:
○ A commitment to human rights reflects ethical values that should underpin any thriving society.
○ Striving for excellence should not come at the expense of ethical considerations or human well-
being.
● Inclusive Prosperity:
○ A society's true success is measured by the well-being of all its members, not just a select few.
○ Balancing excellence and human rights ensures that prosperity is shared across the entire
spectrum of society, leading to a more just and equitable world.

Conclusion: A balanced approach acknowledges that progress isn't meaningful if only a select few benefit, nor is it
sufficient to merely prevent the worst outcomes. To create a just and thriving society, both the aspiration for
excellence and the commitment to basic human rights must coexist. By raising both the ceiling and the floor, we
ensure a society that values potential, celebrates achievements, and compassionately supports those in need.

www.insightsonindia.com 14 instacourses.insightsonindia.com