« [Rerraction Of brent i> = 2 : Saas |Interface._:-> Sines _Seperaing woo opkical_media._| _ [Dptiea Density :> (M) ox refvachve index o_O medium: co S| _— ne unit a -.C2_3x8_m]s__speed oh light in vacuum. Vi. >_Speed oy Night in. some__other medium, whose | refractive index value io Ue { t t A= A_____4pv-__aty_or__vacuum “anedium._ ———©-._M_>1___4ev.other__medium._Ct_¢ >¥)_ _ _© The greater oS Mg 0 medium... the | —lower—the speedo, light“ in_that medium. and. i the Night usitl__bent ay 4n__that__medium {____. trem “is actual path. -O-4,.€, andy are._eleehie _permidtivity. magnetic__permecbility of tree space / air and | € and ia ony medium then, _| jeference.,, —Hyuss >. Hater > Hair SB ce pce enagptic andes NEE 6 gts “fequency __xemains (n0_chan 92) : @. Wowelength changes — t shen. light goeo a Ot / Vacuum to. glow.,. then its cooweleng th decreanen-_) Activ 94 decreases 1 +imeo. “gee 2 Scanned with CamScanner4 i t yay P| cal ee — Speed 4, Aight decreases Gq) dimeo_ ~@_no_ chonge in. phape..ongle__ while. _ Yefraction. | =| (The. refracted Yay —and. incident Yayare _in_Same— --.._ phase)... a ij — aelt - co when alight _An__veffected___trom__densey- { ~.to___vaver___medium__there in __nv.phase change: i when_a._liqhtia._-vreflected om__Yarev__-to__| denser___-medium_, therein _.c.__phane. change. eG) te ec Reflected _ —_\ | Reppacted Ray Rays @--Cincident “roy and @_(xeplected —|qy phase _b ne are _| —lRays _O_and_® -Crefrocted._ray) Gre. in Same phase.|_ [When light. __ goes __4rom__densex._t0._Yaver__ then nd _| _ change ip phase —_{ev_ veplected. Yay. ( voy) ee { t —medium_2__us-rfe 1 — Note +> Cauchy's Relationi2 (Relahion between | Se ee wavelength’ and. MW), _t — 7 SS [Monochromatic _\ight > ee Scanned with CamScannerene OF Reversibility, a path Light. 4 = N (A, > Uy I ; [es ar | at [un aol st] a ae mir TOY NoRMAL__SHIFT__(1n__pesition dy object) +> For > Object in_denser medium and observer is in. | Apparent Depth “object eevee) ne at __interface. (from tt. 2.6 OPL {| _ ‘Zabaliehg © iw O- a pafao 1 _Pa(Or _ Scanned with CamScanner[Assumption :> Since aperture. cy eye is very small | therefore » for the. visibili 4 image - eye — should be near to the sufoce \ and pow & should be very near to the. peut P. i. BOs PO (Real depth o object) ond O15 PL ( Apparent depth/ position a, object) _Trerepore, | = Real depth a ae [eae apparent raceurel| eae ~-Y i nonerel) | NOTE 25 "WK intebroctive index. 4, denser medium (water) with __respect__40 the. rorer__-mediuim —( ait). latea [fre Reol sige 9, stot J i - Apparent _sige oy object _A_ small _aiv_bubble “inside a. goss “lab | Side__length10..em___appeares...ot__a_ distance _of } 8 om Find — refractive index, glass. ___+ [ogee soe bubble 2 at one end postion. Apparent. a ae slab. 4. Sa Length 10.cm, having div loublole_in__ndh_navo_ placed __ coatey.. “Dhooewere Jo also inside water. Find. ie Apparent posikor| lay Object Cimege) _ closerved. x the... observer. | Gwen sa M23; Mio = A . | (Air loutoble. ee a S the end _position gy slab) ! (Since, | Normal shigt d= Po.- PL (From eq: @). - | = pow Po = = a [d= pos £O.= po(i-) (From 4 4) 3 FEES] 8 Scanned with CamScanner»|PRoBLems Basen. ON NoRmMAL sHiFT :> { | a1) Compete the agen a land_locote the position ce (air) itmage.. : oe | = 2 ae = Three immiscible. \iquida Teproctive ony ‘indices. (AGS 25 Ms 4 and Wy= tS) “having Fhickness Cdepth) t= 2¢m tas dem and t,= 6 em. : — Find -appaxent_depth hen seen fromthe top 4 the fired on | Hs em 2) An object jo__placed._ot 21. em _ \ —in_4ront__a} a concave... mirror \ — |) xodius o curvature 20.¢m. iA glass _slolo_o)_ thickness 3_em and —\rehvactive index (3)* placed close. 4o_ the mirror. beluseen. the object —lond_ the pole__4 mirror. Find an —lay the ee 4). mo -reclangulay — glass. Hate 4, ‘ecm Hhicknes, |An__silveredy An object —held__to_em_ ~ front. -G, the _unsilvered_face__form. an image 12_am__bebind the silvered.__ foce- Wheat _4o_refractive index the — goss) —_ E Scanned with CamScanner\REFRACTION “Through A_Curved. Refractng Surface > Assumptions :> © Aperture Of Yefracking Surface Ao - very small. @® Abject. and imoge 4, aa im rekure. ® AW ongles %.B andy Cineludwg 1 andr) ave very Smol\_ angles. Ty Convex Spherical Suaca ( Object in in rover tedium) Ve — Applying. —Smell® Loco ak («ey Substituting O.inO. (4) MW, = ly 8) A 0, = O48, => (tone + ron) Hy, = (Kon¥ = tort) My, (G+ GE) A Gt — GE) 4s — Gong) { (Ascumplion— ') al L\ay=(de = te) He oak Ba 2 (ge + pe = (Gem Br) lose to pont ‘Substituting value usith gn: crnvention- {post -uY, Pez +R ; PLl= +e we get: (c. - Aas =the >|-4 + tas Hae | (For objed to be in Raver Medium) Scanned with CamScanner[Numerical :>( Based On Refraction through spherical Yefracting Surface.) - G@) A small oir bubble inside a glass (U=15) | Sphere 4, ‘radius 2¢m Gppearz 4 be at 15 cm tyom the surface — when observed along o diameter. | Find the position of ai bubble. Ansi> [664 em co ae @) ‘In the Higure.(Fig:2) a hemisphere (glass) U= 3 , find the position. fimal_ image for the dogect 'O" placed to. distance AD em _4yom point Poy hemicphere - Ans: _ID6:7 ¢m. oy __ <--> - 40m 3) Shows thot the lochaviour iy _bubble inside cooler — io diverging - in __madune._— | Find the. ~pesitions of _1__(aeter) ~+—(i) Intermediate. mage and _, ) ©) binal Genape. 2 Complete the Yay. diagram > (Given 2 R= 4mm 5 Mo= Ane: Vy =. mm ep toes gaa a eee oir bubble on its _axie_ 4, _symmehy ato dastance. | 3 em__4rom. the plane. Surfece.._Locate the position <} = ‘image looking 4yrom__the. top_d, it LM Observer __ | along the axis._o,_ symmety. (Given R= loom; Me= 3) Ans: = Bol era. (@5) An object iv at _adistane 25 cm_4romn the curved, Surface do glass. hemisphere H R= l0.cm. Find the position the image and compele the air PI Yoy diagram Ans: YeIsoem; ¥, = 93:3 em Scanned with CamScanner| REERacTION AT SPHERICAL ReFRACTING _SuRepce 2» [ @a Deen a pasate light yoy. yon_c on jee incident _on\_ | a acid tronsparent sphere of tefractive index Ii. 94 0 |_point__image An formed ot the back o,the__sphere._then___ 4 yind_the—value_ 4 a. Lg} — Angie M= 2 | Ls . —figst 2 @ Asay sphere __caith__centre ok_C'- on shown {—in_(Fig:.2). The “yoy _emerges__rom Aine phere. {_poraitel__te Kine" AB). Find “refractive. index i 4d, the sphere. Ans M= V3 Ag 652) TI 4@_An_oivbublble in gass (Uz ss) an Fig | Situoted at _o_diztance _3_em___from 8 | |.o convex _surioce a, diameter _{0_« {05 _shoren_in_(Fig:3)+ At thal i ed 4 Surface _asil\_the _bubbl. rma; ena abe sa oem om. eee an e Se . =2=2=—s—“iésr @4)_A scratch marke onthe _sucigc { (eat:8) jn viewed —4yom_o_dsometrically —oppasite —pi i | orppeara _to be at a distance a, a es the _radius__o}, _sphere._Ans = R= 5 cm. (@_A_paralld_beam a lq nt travelling in cooker (i= 4) init xetracted by o._sipherieal _oir_bubble a, _radius 2am. | {Situated in _togher. Assuming, —the__light__Yoys _t0 be _paraxial| 4) Find the positon _a,_image dre to __refraction__at__the | |_—__jret__sustace __ond___the __positi anal__image. _/_/ | 3) Draw a Im. haguam—shauing the poaitons ap | the imagea Ans:2_V, ="o-6em_, y= — 0-5 em ___ f- 7 NS. SM Scanned with CamScanner