10A S2 Exam Physical Science Revision

1. Distance versus displacement.

a) What is the difference between distance and displacement?

b) i. Jane walks 7km north, stops for lunch and then walks 5km east. What distance did she
cover? ________________

ii. What was Jane’s displacement? (Draw a vector diagram and use Pythagoras)

2. Using a vector diagram to determine displacement.

a) What is the difference between scalar and vector properties?

b) What does the tail and the head represent in a vector diagram?

Head -

Tail -

c) Add the following vectors and determine the size and direction of the resultant vector
(round your answer to 2 decimal places.
i. 9.6m south and 8.4m east
3. Know how to calculate (You will be given the formulae)
i. speed

a) A ball is travelling at 15ms-1. How long does it take to cover 75m?

ii. Velocity

b) What is the velocity of a motorcycle traveling 280 km west in 3 hours?

iii. Acceleration
vf – vi
a =
t

a) A cyclist accelerates from 0 to 10m/s in 5 seconds. What is her acceleration?

b) A ball is dropped and accelerates downwards at a rate of 10m/s2 for 12 seconds. How
much will the ball’s velocity change by?

c) A car accelerates from 10 to 20m/s with an acceleration of 2m/s2. How long did this take?
4. Converting units of measurement km/h to m/s and m/s to km/h.

a) If a car is travelling at 110km/hr SE what is its velocity in ms-1? ____________

b) A bus is travelling at 2ms-1. How long does it take to travel 72km?

5. Working out resultant force

a) What is the resultant on the cart above? _______________________

b) Draw a diagram that shows the forces and the resultant force if two people are pushing
on a box – one with 50N of force and another with 40N of force.

6.Understanding Newton’s Laws of Motion.

i. Newton’s First Law of Motion

a) What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?

b) Give an example to explain Newton’s First Law of Motion.

ii. Newton’s Second Law of Motion

a) What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

b) Give an example to explain Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

iii. Newton’s Third Law of Motion

a) What is Newton’s third Law of Motion?

b) Give an example to explain Newton’s Third Law of Motion.

7. Applying Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion (i.e. F=ma)

a) For the diagram above work out the :

i. resultant force ________________

ii. acceleration
8. Be able to calculate both kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy

i. Kinetic energy (EK)

1
Ek= x m x v2
2

a) What is the kinetic energy of a trolley moving at 3ms-1 if it has a mass of 25kg?

b) Calculate the mass of a rock if it has a velocity of 10m/s and a kinetic energy of 220J.

ii. Potential energy (EP) (use g = 9.8ms-2)

Ep= m x g x h

a) A wooden beam has a mass of 80kg and is suspended 4m above the ground. What is its
gravitational potential energy?

b) Calculate the mass of a poster that is positioned 3m above the ground and has a
gravitational potential energy of 330J.

iii. Total Mechanical Energy

TME = EP + EK

a) What is the total mechanical energy of a drone with a potential energy of 600J and a
kinetic energy of 120J?
iv. Energy Transfer

Describe what the diagram above is showing:

9. Be able to calculate energy efficiency (%)

Efficiency = useful energy output

useful energy input x 100%

a) Why is no energy transfer 100% efficient?

b) Calculate the efficiency of a light bulb that transforms 80J of electrical energy to produce
49J of useful light energy and 31J of heat energy.