1). How many state churches in the UK?

There are two established (that is, state) churches--the Church of England (Anglican) and the
Church of Scotland (Presbyterian)--but Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland do not have
"official" religions.
2). What is the difference between the Church of England and the Church of Scotland?
Church of England:
Historical Background: Rooted in the English Reformation of the 16th century.
Theological Traditions (богословські традиції): Embraces a broad spectrum, incorporating
elements of both Catholicism and Protestantism.
Governance Structure: Episcopal, led by bishops; Archbishop of Canterbury is symbolic head.
Relationship with the State: Established church in England, with the monarch as the Supreme
Governor (Верховний правитель).
Church of Scotland:
Historical Background: Emerged from the Scottish Reformation of the 16th century.
Theological Traditions: Reformed tradition, Presbyterian theology.
Governance Structure: Presbyterian, governed by elected bodies of elders; General Assembly is
the highest authority.
Relationship with the State: Recognized as the national church in Scotland, but not established;
operates with more independence from the state.
3). What is the official religion in the UK?
The UK’s official religion is Christianity, and churches of all denominations can be found
throughout the UK, such as Catholic, Protestant, Baptist and Methodist. The main other
religions are Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism.
4). What other Christian churches do you know?
Roman Catholic Church: The second-largest Christian denomination in the UK, with a significant
presence across the country.
Methodist Church: A Protestant denomination with a focus on social justice and community
involvement.
Baptist Church: A Protestant denomination emphasizing believer's baptism and individual faith.
United Reformed Church: Formed by the union of Presbyterian, Congregational, and Churches
of Christ traditions, emphasizing congregational autonomy.
Orthodox Churches: Various Eastern Orthodox Churches have communities in the UK,
representing the Eastern Christian tradition.
Evangelical Churches: Various independent and affiliated churches with an emphasis on
evangelical theology and outreach.
Anglican Communion: Beyond the Church of England, there are Anglican churches in Scotland,
Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Lutheran Churches: Some Lutheran communities are present, often reflecting the cultural
backgrounds of immigrant populations.
5). What other religions are represented in the UK?
Islam: The Muslim community is one of the largest religious minorities in the UK, with a diverse
population of Muslims practicing various traditions.
Hinduism: The Hindu community has a significant presence, contributing to the religious and
cultural diversity of the UK.
Sikhism: Sikhs have a visible presence, with gurdwaras (Sikh temples) and a vibrant community,
especially in areas with a large South Asian population.
Judaism: The Jewish community, while relatively small, has a historical and cultural significance
in the UK, particularly in cities like London and Manchester.
Buddhism: Buddhists, representing various traditions, contribute to the religious mosaic of the
UK. There are Buddhist temples and centers across the country
6) What religion do the majority of the population in the USA belong to?
The majority of the population in the United States identifies as Christian. Within Christianity,
there are various denominations and traditions, including Protestantism, Catholicism, and
Orthodox Christianity. Protestantism is the largest Christian group in the U.S., with numerous
denominations such as Baptists, Methodists, Lutherans, and Evangelicals. Catholicism also has a
significant presence, particularly among the Hispanic population.
It's important to note that the United States is religiously diverse, and alongside Christianity,
there are substantial communities of people who practice other religions, including Judaism,
Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and others. Additionally, a growing number of Americans
identify as non-religious, atheist, or agnostic, contributing to the overall religious landscape of
the country.
7) What is the common religious phenomenon in the US?
One common religious phenomenon in the United States is religious pluralism. The U.S. is
characterized by its religious diversity, with a wide array of religious traditions and belief
systems coexisting. This diversity is not only evident in various Christian denominations, such as
Protestantism, Catholicism, and Orthodox Christianity, but also in the presence of non-Christian
religions like Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and others.
Religious pluralism in the U.S. is further underscored by the freedom of religion enshrined in the
First Amendment of the Constitution, which guarantees the right to practice any religion or no
religion at all. This legal framework has fostered a climate where individuals are free to express
and explore their religious beliefs, contributing to a rich tapestry of faith expressions and
religious communities.
Moreover, the U.S. has experienced a notable rise in the number of people identifying as
religiously unaffiliated, often referred to as the "nones." This category includes atheists,
agnostics, and those who may consider themselves spiritual but not religious. This trend adds
another layer to the religious landscape, reflecting changing attitudes toward organized religion
and diverse spiritual beliefs.
8) Which trends has denomination in Australia mirrored?
1. Decline in Traditional Christian Denominations (Конфесія): Australia, like other
Western countries, has seen a decline in attendance and affiliation with traditional
Christian denominations such as Anglicanism, Catholicism, and mainstream
Protestantism.
2. Rise of Non-Christian Religions: Australia reflects global trends with the growth of non-
Christian religions like Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, contributing to the
country's religious diversity.
3. Increase in Non-religious and Spiritual Identities: Similar to Western patterns, there's a
rise in Australians identifying as non-religious, atheist, agnostic, or expressing spirituality
outside traditional religious frameworks.
4. Growth of Evangelical and Pentecostal Groups: Contrasting the decline in mainstream
Protestantism, there's notable growth in evangelical and Pentecostal Christian
denominations in Australia, often attracting a diverse following.
5. Generational and Cultural Shifts: Younger generations in Australia are generally less
religiously affiliated than older ones, reflecting broader changes in social norms and
priorities.
6. Socially Engaged Denominations: Some denominations experiencing growth in Australia
emphasize social justice and community engagement, aligning with individuals seeking
religious communities that address societal issues.
9). What is the core of the “welfare state’?
The core of the "welfare state" (Держава загального добробуту) is the government's
commitment to ensuring the well-being of its citizens by providing a comprehensive system of
social services and financial assistance. The welfare state is founded on the principle of social
solidarity, where the government plays a central role in addressing social inequalities,
promoting economic security, and enhancing the overall quality of life for its citizens.
Key components of the welfare state typically include:
1. Healthcare: Accessible and affordable healthcare services for all residents, often
provided through public healthcare systems or a combination of public and private
services.
2. Education: A system of public education that aims to provide quality schooling and equal
opportunities for all, from early childhood education to higher education.
3. Social Security: Financial support programs to assist individuals and families during
times of unemployment, disability, or other life challenges. This may include
unemployment benefits, disability benefits, and pensions.
 4. Housing: Policies and programs to ensure access to affordable and adequate housing,
addressing homelessness and promoting housing stability.
5. Employment Support: Initiatives to support employment opportunities, job training,
and workforce development to enhance citizens' economic well-being.
6. Social Services: Various social services, including child and family services, mental health
support, and programs addressing poverty and social exclusion.
The welfare state is grounded in the belief that the government has a responsibility to create a
social safety net, promoting social and economic equality. Different countries may implement
the welfare state concept in various ways, adapting it to their unique social, economic, and
political contexts. The goal is to create a society where individuals have access to essential
services and support, fostering a higher standard of living and reducing disparities among the
population.
10). How is the welfare system founded?
The welfare system (система соціального забезпечення) is founded on the principles of social
responsibility and government intervention. It involves legislation and social policies that define
the government's role in promoting citizens' well-being. Funding comes from taxation, and the
system includes social safety net programs, public services, and government agencies. The
overarching goal is to reduce inequalities, provide financial assistance during hardships, and
ensure access to essential services. The specific design varies among countries, reflecting
cultural and economic differences.
11). What does it guarantee?
The welfare system guarantees citizens financial support during challenges, access to essential
services (healthcare, education), housing stability, and employment support. It fosters social
solidarity by recognizing the government's responsibility to address collective well-being.
12). When was the British NHS set up and that was its original aim?
The British National Health Service (NHS) - Британська Національна служба охорони здоров'я
was established on July 5, 1948. Its original aim was to provide comprehensive and free
healthcare services for all residents of the United Kingdom. The creation of the NHS marked a
significant milestone in social and public health policy, emphasizing the principle that healthcare
should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their socio-economic status.
13). How is the NHS paid for?
The NHS (National Health Service) - Національна служба охорони здоров'я in the United
Kingdom is primarily funded through taxation. The funding comes from general taxation,
including income tax and other taxes levied by the government. The government allocates a
portion of the national budget to finance the operations and maintenance of the NHS.
Key points about the funding of the NHS:
1. Tax Revenue: The majority of the funding comes from taxes collected from individuals,
businesses, and other sources. This revenue is used to support the various services and
functions of the NHS.
 2. National Insurance Contributions: National Insurance contributions, paid by individuals
and employers, also contribute to the funding of the NHS. These contributions are a
form of social insurance that helps finance social security benefits, including healthcare.
3. Government Budget Allocations: The government allocates specific budgetary amounts
to the Department of Health and Social Care, which oversees the NHS. This budget
includes funding for hospitals, general practitioners (GPs), medical staff, and other
healthcare services.
4. Ring-Fenced Funding (резервовані фінанси): In some cases, the government may
announce ring-fenced funding for specific healthcare initiatives or improvements. This
ensures that allocated funds are designated for particular healthcare purposes.
14). What is the backbone (основа) of the NHS?
The backbone of the NHS (National Health Service) is its dedicated workforce of healthcare
professionals. Doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, and support staff form the essential
foundation of the NHS. Their expertise, commitment, and hard work are fundamental to
delivering medical care, managing health services, and upholding the principles of the
healthcare system. The human resources within the NHS are crucial for providing quality
healthcare services to the population of the United Kingdom.
15). Describe the GP’s activity.
GPs (лікар загальної практики) in the UK serve as the first point of contact for medical care,
offering diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care. They manage a broad range of health issues,
provide referrals to specialists, oversee chronic disease management, address mental health
concerns, and offer emergency care. GPs also focus on health education, promoting well-being,
and developing long-term relationships with patients and the community.
16). What are the tendencies of housing in Britain?
Housing (забезпеченість житлом) trends in Britain include a shift toward lower
homeownership rates, driven partly by rising property prices. The rental market is growing, with
increasing demand for rental properties. Housing affordability remains a concern, particularly in
urban areas. Government initiatives aim to support first-time buyers and promote affordable
housing. Sustainability is gaining importance in housing, with a focus on eco-friendly and
energy-efficient solutions. Urban regeneration projects aim to revitalize certain areas, and there
is ongoing demand for social and affordable housing. The impact of remote work is influencing
preferences for suburban or rural living. Challenges include the need to increase housing supply
and address affordability issues.