Quantum career institute

Sonipat

ASSIGNMENT3
Class 12 - Physics

1. A piece of copper and other of germanium are cooled from room temperature to 80 K, then [1]

a) resistance of copper will decrease b) the resistance of copper will increase while
that of germanium will decrease

c) resistance of each will increase d) the resistance of copper will decrease while
that of germanium will increase
2. According to Ohm's law, [1]

a) The electric current I flowing through a b) The electric current I flowing through a
substance is proportional to the voltage V substance is proportional to the square of
across its ends voltage V across its ends

c) The electric current I flowing through a d) The electric current I flowing through a
substance is inversely proportional to the substance is independent of the voltage V
voltage V across its ends across its ends

3. Cu and Al wire each of length l = 20 cm and area of cross-section A = 50 cm2. Their resistivity ρ Cu = 1.69 × [1]

10-8 Ω m and ρ Al = 2.75 × 10-8 Ω m. If they are joined end to end, then the total resistance of the combination is:

a) 1 × 10-2 b) 4.44

c) 0.888 d) 0.01 × 10-2

4. In metal with a positive Thomson coefficient, the current is passed from the lower temperature to the high [1]
temperature side. Then heat will be:

a) evolved b) none of these

c) absorbed d) constant
5. A metal rod of length 10 cm and a rectangular cross-section of 1cm × 1

2
cm is connected to a battery across [1]
opposite faces. The resistance will be

a) same irrespective of the three faces b) maximum when the battery is connected
across 10 cm ×1 cm

c) maximum when the battery is connected d) maximum when the battery is connected
across 1cm × 1

2
cm across 10 cm × 1

2
cm
6. Which of the following is responsible for the flow of current in a conductor? [1]

a) Protons b) Positive ions

c) Protons and holes d) Free electrons

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 7. Power is represented by- [1]

a) newton b) watt

c) newton sec d) joule

8. If P and Q are two batteries connected in series with anode of one connected to anode of the other, producing [1]
voltages E1 and E2 > E1 respectively. The e.m.f of the pair is

a) E1 b) E2

c) E2 - E1 d) E2 + E1

9. The electric resistance of a certain wire of iron is R. If its length and radius are both doubled, then [1]
i. the resistance will be doubled and the specific resistance will be halved.
ii. the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will remain unchanged.
iii. the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will be doubled.
iv. the resistance and the specific resistance will both remain unchanged.

a) Option iii b) Option ii

c) Option iv d) Option i
10. Direction of the conventional current [1]

a) is the direction in which negative charges b) is the direction in which positive charges
move move

c) is the direction in which no charges move d) none of these

11. Three copper wires have lengths and cross-sectional areas as (l, A); (2l, A

2
) and ( , 2 A). Resistance is
l

2
[1]
minimum in:

a) same in all the three cases b) wire of cross-sectional area A

c) wire of cross-sectional area A

2
d) wire of cross-sectional area 2 A
12. A set of n equal resistors, of value R each, are connected in series to a battery of emf ε and internal resistance R. [1]
The current drawn is I. Now, the n resistors are connected in parallel to the same battery. Then the current drawn
from battery becomes 10 I. The value of n is:

a) 10 b) 11

c) 20 d) 9
13. Masses of three wires are in the ratio of 1 : 3 : 5. Their lengths are in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 1. When connected in [1]
series with a battery the ratio of heat produced in them will be:

a) 5 : 3 : 1 b) 1 : 3 : 5

c) 1 : 15 : 125 d) 125 : 15 : 1
14. One kilowatt-hour is equal to: [1]

a) 36 × 105 J b) 36 × 10-5 J

c) 36 × 103 J d) 36 × 10-3 J

15. The internal resistance of a cell: [1]

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 a) always acts in the cell in open circuit b) acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the
EMF

c) acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the d) none of these

current
16. Eels are able to generate current with biological cells called electroplates. The electroplates in an eel are [1]
arranged in 100 rows, each row stretching horizontally along the body of the fish containing 5000
electroplaques. The arrangement is suggestively shown below. Each electroplaques has an emf of 0.15 V and
internal resistance of 0.25 Ω .

The water surrounding the Eel completes a circuit between the head and its tail. If the water surrounding it has a
resistance of 500 Q, the current an Eel can produce in water is about

a) 1.5 A b) 3.0 A

c) 30 A d) 15 A
17. Match the Column I and Column II. [1]

Column I Column II

(i) If the same volt-age is and resistance are in

(A) Smaller the resistance greater the current applied
series

(B) Greater or smaller the resistance the current is the

(ii) If the same current is passed
same

(C) Greater the resistance smaller the power (iii) When resistances are connected in series

(D) Greater the resistance greater the power (iv) When resistances are connected in parallel

a) A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv) b) A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)

c) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(ii) d) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

18. Two resistors R and 2R are connected in series. Two more resistors R and 2R are connected in series and the [1]
combination is connected in parallel to the first combination. A DC source of 12 volts and an ammeter are
connected to this as shown in the figure. If there is a key between resistors of each combination as shown in the
figure, what will be the ratio of ammeter reading before and after closing the key?

a) 1 : 2 b) 8 : 9

c) 2 : 1 d) 1 : 1

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19. Two resistance filaments of same length are connected first in series and then in parallel. Find the ratio of power [1]
dissipated in both cases assuming that equal current flows in the main circuit.

a) 4 : 1 b) 1 : 2

c) 2 : 1 d) 1 : 4
20. When no current is passed through a conductor: [1]

a) the average speed of a free-electron over a b) the average of the velocities of all the free
large period of time is not zero electrons at an instant is non-zero

c) the free electrons do not move d) the average velocity of a free electron over a
large period of time is zero

21. A semiconductor has the electron concentration 0.45 × 1012 m-3 and hole concentration 5 × 1020 m-3. Find its [2]

conductivity. Given: electron mobility = 0.135 m2V-1s-1 and hole mobility = 0.048 m2V-1s-1; e = 1.6 × 10-19
coulomb.
22. Assuming that there is one free electron per atom in copper, determine the number of free electrons in 1 metre3 [2]

volume of copper. The density of copper is 8.9 × 103 kgm-3 and atomic weight 63.5. (Avogadro's number, N =

6.02 × 1026 per kg-atom).

23. In the circuit diagram given in Figure, the cells E1 and E2 have emfs 4 V and 8 V and internal resistances 0.5 [2]

Ω and 1.0 Ω respectively. Calculate the current in each resistance.

24. State the condition in which terminal voltage across a secondary cell is equal to its emf. [2]
25. Choose the correct alternative: [2]
i. Doping a semiconductor (with small traces of impurity atoms) reduces/increases its resistivity.
ii. The resistance of graphite and most nonmetals increases/decreases with increase in temperature.
iii. The resistivity of a semiconductor increases/ decreases rapidly with increasing temperature.
26. In Figure, ε and ε are respectively 2.0 V and 4.0 V and the resistances r1, r2 and R are respectively 1.0 Ω , 2.0
1 2 [3]

Ω and 5.0 Ω . Calculate the current in the circuit. Also, calculate:

i. potential difference between the points b and a,
ii. potential difference between a and c.

27. An ammeter of resistance 0.80Ω can measure current up to 1.0 A. [3]

i. What must be the value of shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure current up to 5.0 A?
ii. What is the combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt?
28. A battery consists of 12 cells in series, each having an emf ε and internal resistor r. Some of the cells in the [3]

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 battery are connected with wrong polarity. This battery is connected to another source of emf 2 E and internal
resistance 2 ε . An ammeter in the circuit reads 3 A when battery and the source aid each other and 2 A in the
same direction when they oppose each other. Find how many cells in the battery are connected with wrong
polarity.
29. Draw a plot showing the variation of resistivity of a (i) conductor and (ii) semiconductor, with the increase in [3]
temperature. How does one explain this behaviour in terms of number density of charge carriers and the
relaxation time?
30. A current of 30 amperes is flowing through a wire of cross-sectional area 2 mm2. Calculate the drift velocity of [3]

electrons. Assuming the temperature of the wire to be 27°C, also calculate the rms velocity at this temperature.

Which velocity is larger? Given that Boltzman's constant = 1.38 × 10-23JK-1, density of copper 8.9 g cm-3, the
atomic mass of copper = 63.
31. A heating coil is connected in series with a resistance R. The coil is dipped in a liquid of mass 2 kg and specific [5]
heat 0.5 cal g-1oC-1. A potential difference of 200 V is applied and the temperature of the liquid is found to
increase by 60°C in 20 minutes. If R is removed, the same rise in temperature is reached in 15 minutes. Find the
value of R.
32. A room has AC run for 5 hours a day at a voltage of 220V. The wiring of the room consists of Cu of 1 mm [5]
radius and a length of 10 m. Power consumption per day is 10 commercial units. What fraction of it goes in the
joule heating in wires? What would happen if the wiring is made of aluminium of the same dimensions?
−8 −8
[ρcu = 1.7 × 10 , ρAl = 2.7 × 10 Ωm]
Ωm

33. i. Find the emf E1 and E2 in the circuit of the following diagram and the potential difference between the points [5]

A and B.

ii. If in the circuit, the polarity of the battery E1, be reversed, what will be the potential difference between A

and B?

34. i. Define the term of drift velocity. [5]

ii. On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of number density
of free electrons and relaxation time. On what factors does resistivity of a conductor depend?
iii. Why alloys like Constantan and Manganin are used for making standard resistors?

35. i. Derive the relation between current density J and potential difference V across a current carrying conductor [5]
of length l, area of cross-section A and the number density n of free electrons.

ii. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area 1.0 × 10-7
m2 carrying a current of 1.5 A. [Assume that the number density of conduction electrons is 9 × 1028 m-3]
36. Two cells of voltage 10V and 2V and internal resistances 10Ω and 5Ω respectively, are connected in parallel [5]
with the positive end of 10V battery connected to negative pole of 2V battery (Fig). Find the effective voltage

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 and effective resistance of the combination.

37. Find the emf (ε ) and internal resistance (r0) of a battery which is equivalent to a parallel combination of two
0 [5]
batteries of emfs ε and ε and internal resistances r1 and r2 respectively, with polarities as shown in the figure.
1 2

38. i. Deduce the relation between current I flowing through a conductor and drift velocity vd of the electrons. [5]

ii. Figure shows a plot of current I flowing through the cross-section of a wire versus the time t. Use the plot to
find the charge flowing in 10 through the wire.

39. Determine the currents through the resistors R1, R2 and R3 shown in Figure. [5]

40. i. Derive an expression for drift velocity of free electrons. [5]

ii. How does drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor vary with increase in temperature? Explain.
41. Phase difference between voltage and current in a capacitor in ac circuit is [1]

a) π

2
b) 0

c) π d) π

42. The best material for the core of a transformer is [1]

a) soft iron b) hard steel

c) mild steel d) stainless steel

43. In an AC circuit, the e.m.f. and the current at any instant are respectively given by [1]
E = E0 sin ωt and I = I0 sin (ωt - ϕ )
The average power in the circuit over one cycle of AC is
E0 I0
a) sinϕ b) E0 I0/ 2
2

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 E0 I0
c) cosϕ d) E0 I0
2

44. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω , L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac [1]
supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, average power transferred
to the circuit in one complete cycle is

a) 2800 W b) 2000 W

c) 1000 W d) 1800 W
45. A transformer works on the principle of [1]

a) inverter b) converter

c) self induction d) mutual induction

46. The instantaneous values of alternating current and voltage in a circuit are given as i = 1
sin(100πt) ampere [1]
√2

e =
1
sin(100πt +
π

3
) volt
√2

The average power in watts consumed in the circuit is:

a) 1

2
b) 1

c) √3
d) 1

4 8

47. The peak value of an alternating emf ε given by ε = ε0 cos ωt is 10 volt and its frequency is 50 Hz. At time t = [1]
1
sec, the instantaneous emf is:
600

a) 10 V b) 5 V
–
c) 5√3 V d) 1 V
48. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 100 μ F and a resistor 50Ω are connected in series across a source of emf, V = [1]
10sin 314t. The power loss in the circuit is:

a) 1.13 W b) 0.43 W

c) 0.79 W d) 2.74 W
49. Which of the following quantities remain constant in a step down transformer? [1]

a) Current b) None of these

c) Power d) Voltage
50. The magnetic potential energy stored in a certain inductor is 25 mJ, when the current in the inductor is 60 mA. [1]
This inductor is of inductance:

a) 1.389 H b) 138.88 H

c) 13.89 H d) 0.138 H

51. i. For a given AC, i = im sin ωt , show that the average power dissipated in a resistor R over a complete cycle is [2]
1

2
2
im R .
ii. A light bulb is rated at 100 W for a 220V AC supply. Calculate the resistance of the bulb.
52. Calculate the current drawn by the primary of a transformer, which steps down 200 V to 20 V to operate a [2]
device of resistance 20 Ω . Assume the efficiency of the transformer to be 80%
53. You are given three circuit elements X, Y and Z. When the element X is connected across an a.c. source of a [2]
given voltage, the current and the voltage are in the same phase. When the element Y is connected in series with
X across the source, voltage is ahead of the current in phase by . But the current is ahead of the voltage in
π

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 phase by when Z is connected in series with X across the source. Identify the circuit elements X, Y and Z.
π

When all the three elements are connected in series across the same source, determine the impedance of the
circuit.
Draw a plot of the current versus the frequency of applied source and mention the significance of this plot.
54. In an ideal transformer, number of turns in the primary and secondary are 200 and 1000 respectively. If the [2]
power input to the primary is 10 kW at 200 V, calculate
i. output voltage and
ii. current in primary
55. Mention the factors on which the resonant frequency of a series LCR-circuit depends. Plot a graph showing [2]
variation of impedance of a series LCR-circuit with the frequency of the applied a.c. source.
56. a. State the principle of working of a transformer. [3]
b. Define the efficiency of a transformer.
c. State any two factors that reduce the efficiency of a transformer.
d. Calculate the current drawn by the primary of a 90% efficient transformer which steps down 220 V to 22 V if
the output resistance is 440 Ω .
57. Derive the expression for the reactance of a capacitor C, when connected across an a.c. source. Give its units. [3]
58. An inductor L of inductance XL is connected in series with a bulb B and an AC source. How would brightness [3]
of the bulb change when
i. number of turn in the inductor is reduced,
ii. an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and
iii. a capacitor of reactance Xc = XL is inserted in series in the circuit. Justify your answer in each case.

59. i. What is the principle of the transformer? [3]

ii. Explain how laminating the core a transformer helps to reduce eddy current losses in it?
iii. Why the primary and secondary coils of a transformer are preferably wound on the same core?
60. A circuit draws a power of 550 W from a source of 220 V, 50 Hz. The power factor of the circuit is 0.8. The [3]
current in the circuit lags behind the voltage. Show that a capacitor of about 1

42π
× 10
−2
will have to be
connected to bring its power factor to unity.
61. i. When an AC source is connected to an ideal inductor show that the average power supplied by the source [3]
over a complete cycle is zero.
ii. A lamp is connected in series with an inductor and an AC source. What happens to the brightness of the lamp
when the key is plugged in and an iron rod is inserted inside the inductor? Explain.

62. A 200 V variable frequency a.c. source is connected to a series combination of L = 5H, C = 80 μ F and R = 40 [3]
Ω . Calculate
i. angular frequency of the source to get maximum current in the circuit,
ii. the current amplitude at resonance and
iii. the power dissipated in the circuit.
63. An AC voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied across a pure inductor L. Obtain an expression for the current I in the [3]

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 circuit and hence obtain the
i. inductive reactance of the circuit and
ii. the phase of the current flowing with respect to the applied voltage.
64. A step-up down transformer operated on a 2.5 kV line. It supplies a load with 20 A. The ratio of the primary [3]
winding to the secondary is 10 : 1. If the transformer is 90% efficient, calculate
i. the power output
ii. the voltage and
iii. the current in the secondary coil.
65. A series LCR ac circuit has L = 2.0 H, C = 32 μ F and R = 10Ω . [3]
i. At what angular frequency of ac will it resonate?
ii. Calculate the Q value of the circuit.
66. In the following circuit, calculate: [5]
i. the capacitance of the capacitor, if the power factor of the circuit is unity,
ii. the Q-factor of this circuit. What is the significance of the Q-factor in ac circuit? Given the angular
frequency of the ac source to be 100 rad/s. Calculate the average power dissipated in the circuit.

67. i. A series L-C-R circuit is connected to an AC source of variable frequency. Draw a suitable phasor diagram [5]
to deduce the expressions for the amplitude of the current and phase angle.
ii. Obtain the condition at resonance. Draw a plot showing the variation of current with the frequency of AC
source for two resistances R1 and R2 (R1 > R2). Hence, define the quality factor Q and write its role in the

tuning of the circuit.

68. i. What do you understand by the sharpness of resonance in a series L-C-R circuit? Derive an expression for Q- [5]
factor of the circuit.
ii. Three electrical circuits having AC sources of variable frequency are shown in the figures. Initially, the
current flowing in each of these is same. If the frequency of the applied AC source is increased, how will the
current flowing in these circuits be affected? Give the reason for your answer.

69. i. Prove that an ideal capacitor in an ac circuit does not dissipate power. [5]
ii. An inductor of 200 mH, a capacitor of 400 μ f, and a resistor of 10 Ω are connected in series to ac source of
50 V of variable frequency. Calculate the
a. the angular frequency at which maximum power dissipation occurs in the circuit and the corresponding
value of the effective current and
b. value of Q-factor in the circuit.
70. A series LCR circuit is connected to an a.c. source having voltage V = Vm sin ωt. Derive the expression for the [5]
instantaneous current I and its phase relationship to the applied voltage. Obtain the condition for resonance to

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 occur. Define power factor. State the conditions under which it is
i. maximum and
ii. minimum.

71. i. Draw a schematic arrangement for winding of primary and secondary coil in a transformer when the two [5]
coils are wound on top of each other.
ii. State the underlying principle of a transformer and obtain the expression for the ratio of secondary to primary
voltage in terms of the
a. number of secondary and primary windings and
b. primary and secondary currents.
iii. Write the main assumption involved in deriving the above relations.
iv. Write any two reasons due to which energy losses may occur in actual transformers.
72. In an ac circuit, is then applied instantaneous voltage equal to the algebraic sum of the instantaneous voltages [5]
across the series elements of the circuit? Is the same true for rms voltage?
73. A 2 µF capacitor, 100 Ω resistor and 8 H inductor are connected in series with an AC source. [5]
i. What should be the frequency of the source such that current drawn in the circuit is maximum? What is this
frequency called?
ii. If the peak value of emf of the source is 200 V, find the maximum current.
iii. Draw a graph showing a variation of amplitude of circuit current with changing frequency of applied voltage
in a series L-C-R circuit for two different values of resistance R1 and R2 (R1 > R2).
iv. Define the term 'Sharpness of Resonance'. Under what condition, does a circuit become more selective?

74. i. Derive an expression for the average power consumed in a series L-C-R circuit connected to AC source for [5]
which the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is ϕ .
ii. Define the quality factor in an AC circuit. Why should the quality factor have high value in receiving
circuits? Name the factors on which it depends.
75. A resistor of 400 Ω , an inductor of H and a capacitor of are connected in series across a source of [5]
5 50
μF
π π

alternating voltage of 140 sin 100πt V . Find the voltage (rms) across the resistor, the inductor and the capacitor.
Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox.
–
(Given, √2 = 1.414).

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