-1-

Battle Field Papers 01 - 20

l¾udka; ridhkh
Battle Field 01 (10)

01.(a) A, B iy C hk wdrïNl øjHj, isg (NH4)2SO4 ksIamdok i|yd § we;s .e,Sï igyk i,ld n,kak. my; § we;s
Wmfoia wkqj .e,Sï igyk iïmQ¾K lr, tu .e,sï igyk weiqfrka, m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak.

i. iajNdúlj ,nd.; yels wdrïNl øjHj, kï A, B iy C ;%sfldaK ;=< ,shkak.

ii. iajNdúl øjH u; isÿ lrk l%shd P, Q iy R fldgq ;=< olajd we;. ta wkqj iEfok M, / w;=re M,j,
ridhksl iQ;% jD;a; ;=< ,shkak.

iii. wod< m%;sl%shd i|yd wjYH jk ;;a;aj, fyda isÿ lrk l%shdjka S, T, U iy V fldgq ;=< ,shkak. ta wkqj
,efnk M, wfkl=;a jD;a; ;=< ,shkak.

iv. S iy T ys § isÿjk m%;sl%shd i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK ,shkak. tka;e,amsfha i<l=K o wod< iólrKh
bÈßfhka ,shkak.

v. (NH4)2SO4(s) 1.0 kg ksIamdokh i|yd wjYH jk jdhqf.da,Sh mßudj .Kkh lrkak. jdhqf.da,fha mßudj
wkqj 80% la N2 wka;¾.; fõ. (N = 14.0, H = 1.0, S = 32.0, O = 16.0)

vi. H2SO4 wï,fha iy NH3 j, m%fhdack 04 ne.ska j.= .; lrkak.

A B C

jd;fhys oeùu Nd.sl wdijkh Tlaiscka ;=,

P Q R
Nd.sl T’lrKh

S T

V (NH4)2SO4(s)

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [fojk msgqj n,kak'

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(b) yß;d.dr wdprKh hkq wkdêu;a hq.hl isg mDÓúh u; isÿ jk l%shdjls' fuu l%shdj fkdjkakg mDÓúfha
WIaK;ajh b;d my;a w.hla .kq we;' kuq;a wo th wys;lr f,i jeäù we;'
i. yß;d.dr wdprKh hkq l=ulao @
ii. yß;d.dr wdprKh we;s lrk jdhq j¾. fudkjdo@
iii. ´fidaka ia:rfha jeo.;alu myod fokak'
iv. my< jdhqf.da,fha O3 meje;Sfï wys;lr n,mEï fudkjdo@
v. ´fidaka ia;rhg ydks muqKqjk jdhq yd tAjdfha m%Njhka fudkjdo@
tu jdhq fjkqjg Ndú;d jk úl,am jdhq yd tAjd O3 ia:rhg ydks fkdjkafka flfiaoehs myokak'

Battle Field 02 (10)

02. (a) Ydl øjH mokï lr.;a ridhksl l¾udka; ms<sn| my; wid we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
i. mqk¾ckkh l< yels wuqøjHhla i|yka lrkak'
ii. I. t;fkda,a ms<sfh, .ekSug fhdod .; yels Ydl øjH fudkjd o@
II. t;fkda,a ksmoùug wod< mshjr j, ridhksl m%;sl%shd ,shkak'
III. t;fkda,aj, m%fhdack folla ,shkak'
iii. I. úkdlsß ms<sfh, lr .ekSug fhdod .; yels Ydl øjH fudkjd o@
II. úkdlsß ksmoùug wod, mshjr j, ridhksl m%;sl%shd ,shkak'
o -3 3 3
III. fok ,o úkdlsß idïm,hl 25 C WIaK;ajfha § >k;ajh 1.05 g cm fõ' bka 25.00 cm f.k 250 cm
3 -3
olajd ;kql lsÍfuka ,efnk ødjKfhka 25.00 cm la f.k 0.1 mol dm NaOH ødjKhla iu.
3
wkqudmkh lrk ,§' ìhqfrÜgq mdGdxlh 16.0 cm la úh'
1. úkdlsß idïm,fha we;s CH3COOH idkaøKh .Kkh lrkak'
2. tu idïm,fha we;s wï, m%;sY;h .Kkh lrkak'
3. fuu wkqudmkh i|yd iqÿiq o¾Ylhla i|yka lrkak'
iv. I. ffcj ãi,a ksmoùug wod, mshjr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
II. fmÜfg%d,shï ãi,a j,g idfmalaIj ffcj ãi,a j, we;s jdis wjdis fol ne.ska ,shkak'

(b) i. c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh mÍlaId lsÍug fhdod.kakd fN!;sl mrdñ;s y;rla ,shkak'
ii. c,fhys .=Kd;aulNdjh mÍlaId lsÍug fhdod .kakd ridhksl mrdñ;s folla i|yka lr tu mrdñ;Ska
u.ska c, ¥IKh yÿkd.kakd whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
iii. I. iqfmdaIKh we;sùug fya;=jk whk j¾. fudkjd o@
II. c, uQ,j,g by; i|yka whk tl;=jk wdldrh i|yka lrkak.
III. iqfmdaIKh ksid mek k.sk .eg¿ fudkjdo@
iv. I. ld¾ñl l%shdj,Ska u.ska ksoyia jk wmc,fha wvx.= j, c, ødjH ldnksl ixfhda. fudkjd o@
II. by; l%shdj,s u.ska mßirhg yd c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh we;s lrk n,mEu meyeÈ,s lrkak'
v. I. l¾udka; j,ska msgjk wmc,fha wvx.= úh yels ner f,day fudkjd o@
II. nerf,dy u.ska mßirhg yd ñksidf.a fi!LHhg we;s úh yels wys;lr n,mEï i|yka lrkak'
vi. c,hg yd mig khsg%cka ixfhda. tl;= ùug ie,lsh hq;= wkaoñka odhl jk m%Odk ld¾ñl l%shdj,sh
y÷kd.kak' fuu ixfhda. c,hg yd mig we;=¿jk ud¾. iïnkaOj woyia olajkak'
vii.c, ¥IKh wju lr .ekSu i|yd fhdod.; yels wdrlaIdldÍ l%shdud¾. meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [;=kajk msgqj n,kak'

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Battle Field 03 (10)

03.(a) i. Na2CO3 ksmoùfï fida,afõ l%uh ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK muKla Ndú;fhka bÈßm;a lrkak'

ii. fuys§ wg¨ j, WIaK;ajh fldmuK fõo @

tjeks WIaK;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSfï wjYH;dj myod fokak'
iii. fuys§ wjYH jk úúO wuqøjH yd tAjd ,nd.kakd m%Nj fudkjdo@
iv. “fuu fida,afõ l%ufha§ wuqøjH b;du ld¾HlaIuj m%fhdackhg .kS” Tnf.a woyia olajkak'

(b) my; olajd we;s ixfhda. tlla fyda jeä .Kkla Ndú; lr ksmojk ksmofjk nyqwjhúl muKla
i,ld wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
*Sfkda,a" jhskhs,a laf,darhsâ" fgg%d*af,dafrdt;Ska" f*daue,aäyhsâ" whSfidmS%ka

i. wêl WIAK;ajhlg Tfrd;a;= fok ;dm iQúld¾h wdl,k nyq wjhjlfha talwjhjlh" mqkrdj¾;k tallh
iy nyqwjhjlfha jHqyh w|skak'
ii. m%;Hia; .=Kfhka hqla; iajNdúl nyqwjhjlfha talwjhjlh iy mqkrdj¾;k tallfha jHqyh w|skak'
iii. oDv núka by< ;dm ia:dmk ix.Kk nyqwjhjlhla iE§ug .kakd tAl wjhjhl fol y÷kd f.k tAjdfha
jHqy w¢kak'
(,l=Kq 2.4)
(c) i. jdhqf.da,fha we;s wdï,sl jdhq Èhùfuka c,h wdï,sl fõ'
(I) fuu wdï,sl;dj r|d mj;sk lreKq folla i|yka lrkak'
(II) wï, jeis j,g fya;= jk jdhq folla ,shkak'
(III) fvd,ñ;sl mdIdK wï, jeiafiys Èh ùu mdßißl .eg¨ we;s lrhs' tys§ isÿjk m%;sl%shd iólrK
weiqßka ,shd olajkak' tu l%shdj,sh fya;=fjka we;sjk whym;a n,mEï folla ,shkak'
ii. ie,lsh hq;= ;rï jdyk ixLHdjla .uka .kakd k.r j, nyq,j oel.; yels m%ldY ridhksl OQñldj
mdßißl .eg¨jls'
(I) m%ldY - ridhksl Oqñldjg odhl jk m%fNao fudkjdo@
(II) fïjd u.ska m%ldY-ridhksl OQñldj we;s jkafka flfia o@
(III) fuu l%shdj,sh w;r;=r§ OH uqla; LKavl idohs' fuys Ôj ld,h ;;amrhlg jvd wvq jkafka ukaoehs
myokak'
iii. ñys;,fha WKqiqï ùu yereKq úg fjk;a f.da,Sh mdßißl .eg¨jla i|yka lr tys wksgq M, folla ,shkak'
iv. khsg%ckSh fmdfydr wêl f,i Ndú;d lsÍu uÕska mßirh ¥IKh fõ' lreKq folla i,lñka fuh
myokak'
v. ld¾ñl wmjdy j, wvx.= ¥Il wju lr.ekSu ioyd Tng .;yels mQ¾fjdamdhka ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [y;rjk msgqj n,kak'

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Battle Field 04 (10)

04.(a) inka ksIamdokh iïnkaO my; ±lafjk m%Yak i|yd ms<s;=re imhkak'
i. inka ksIamdokfha § Ndú; lrk m%Odk wuqøjH i|yka lrkak'
ii. by; (i) fldgfia i|yka l< wuqøjH Ndú; lr inka ksIamdokh fmkaùug ;=,s; ridhksl iólrKhla
,shkak'
iii. WKqiqï l%shdj,sh (hot process) iy YS; l%shdj,sh (cold process) f,i inka ksIamdokh l< yels l%shdj,s
folls'
I. inka ksIamdokh lrk WKqiqï l%shdj,sfha m%Odk mshjr kï lrkak' ^úia;r lsÍu wjYH fkdfõ&
II. YS; l%shdj,sfhka inka ksIAmdokh l< úg wjidk M,fha inkaj,g wu;rj mj;sk øjH l=ulao@
iv. <ore inka ksIamdokfha § Ndú; lrk úfYAI ridhksl ixfhda. l=ulao@
v. inkaj, TFM w.h f,i y÷kajkafka l=ulao@
frÈ fidaok inka leghl TFM w.h wdikak f,i fldmuK fõo@
vi. lÀk c,fha inka Èh fkdùug yd fmK fkdke.Sug fya;=j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
vii.inkaj, fYdaOk l%shdj,sh fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

(b) my; i|yka m%Yak laf,darhsâ l%shdj,sh (Chloride process) u`.ska TiO2 ksIamdokh jk mokï fõ'
i. TiO2 ksIAmdokhg fhdod.kakd m%Odk wuqøjH fudkjdo@
ii. ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha m%Odk mshjr i|yka lrkak' tu tla tla mshjr j,§ isÿjk m%;sl%shd i|yd ;=,s;
ridhksl iólrK ,shkak'
iii. ksIAmdok l%shdj,sfha § kej; m%;spl%SlrKh jk ridhksl øjH l=ulao@
iv. TiO2 ksIAmdokfha § iEfok mdßißl .eg¨j,g odhl jk jdhqj l=ulao@
tu jdhqj u`.ska isÿjk mdßißl .eg¨jla i|yka lrkak'
v. TiO2 j, m%fhdack folla i|yka lrkak'

(c) i. yß;d.dr jdhqjla f,i l%shdlsÍug kï jdhqjlg ;sìh hq;= m%Odk ,CIK folla i|yka lrkak'
ii. my; olajd we;s l¾udka; wdY%s;j yß;d.dr wdprKhg odhljk ridhksl úfYAIh ne`.ska y÷kd.kak'
I. võ l%ufhka Mg ksiaidrKh
II. lDIs l¾udka;h
III. i;a;aj md,kh
IV. hlv ksIamdokh
iii. SO2 , NO2 , NO iy CO jeks jdhq yß;d.dr jdhq f,i fkdie,lSug fya;=j l=ulao@
iv. yß;d.dr wdprKhg odhl jk ñksid úiska ixYaf,aIKh lrk ,o ye,ckSlD; yhsfv%dldnk mj;S'
I. ye,ckSlD; yhsfv%dldnk m%Odk j¾. ;=k i|yka lr tajdg WodyrKh ne`.ska fokak'
II. ye,ckSlD; yhsfv%dldnk jdhq f.da,fha b;du iq¨ m%udKhla mej;sh o f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hdug
ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla olajhs' Bg fya;=j l=ulao@
v. c,jdIam yß;d.dr jdhqjla jqjo f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hdug odhl fkdùug fya;=j l=ulao@
vi. my; i|yka ñksia l%shdldrlï wju lr.ekSug .; yels l%shdud¾.h ne`.ska i|yka lrkak'
I. fmdis, bkaOk oykfha § msgjk CO2
II. ridhksl fmdfydr j,ska ksl=;a jk N2O
III. YS;lrK iy jdhq iuk hka;%j, mj;sk ye,ckSlD; yhsfv%dldnk
vii.f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hdu ksid we;s úh yels foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi folla i|yka lrkak.

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [miajk msgqj n,kak'

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Battle Field 05 (10)

05.(a) hlv ksiaidrKh i|yd fhdod.kq ,nk Odrd W!Iaulhl rEmigykla my; oelafõ. my; m%Yak u; mokï fõ.
E
F

C
I
B
J
A

i. fuys A, E, F, G, I j,ska ksrEms; fldgia kï lrkak.

ii. B, D, J hk ia:dkj,ska msgjk øjH kï lrkak.
iii. C ;=<ska we;=<g hjkqfha ljrlao@
iv. fuys Ndú;d jk wuqøjH kï lrkak.
v. f,damia j¾. 3 la kï lrkak.
vi. my; WIaK;aj l,dm ;=<oS Odrd W!Iaulfha isÿjk ridhksl m%;sls%hd i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK
,shkak.
(x) 10000C g wvq WIaK;aj j,oS
(y) 10000C g jeä WIaK;aj j,oS

vii.fuysoS fhdod.efkk wiaMálrEmS ldnka úfYaIfha ld¾hhka 03 la i|yka lrkak.

viii.Odrd W!Iaulh ;=< isÿjk m%;sls%hdjla my; oelafõ.
CO2(g) + C(s) ⇌ 2CO(g)
(1) fuu m%;sls%hdj i|yd jk ΔS ,l=K ms<sn|j woyia olajkak.
(2) by< WIaK;ajj,oS by; m%;sls%hdfõ bosrs m%;sls%hdj jeämqr isÿjk nj Tn fmkajd fokafka
flfiao@
(3) Odrd W!Iaulh ;=< WIaK;ajh jeäùula iuÕ CO m%udKh úp,kh jk wdldrh my; m%ia:drfha
ksrEmKh flf¾.
100
)
O(g
2C

% 80
g) ⇌

CO
(2
CO

60
)+
C(s

40 CO2 CO

0 400 500 800 1000 1200

fuf,i WIaK;ajh jeäjk úg CO ys m%;sY; jeäùu isÿjk wdldrh Tn .=Kd;aulj myod
fokafka flfiao@
ix. idudkHfhka hlv Tlaihsv (Fe2O3), Fe njg TlaisyrKh jk m%;sls%hdj Ok ΔG w.hla iys; m%;sls%hdjls.
-1
2Fe2O3(s) → 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) ΔG = + 1487 kjmol
kuq;a m%;sls%hdjla isÿùug iDK ΔG w.hla iys; úh hq;=hs. flfia fj;;a fuu m%;sls%hdj Odrd W!Iaulh ;=<
iajhxisoaOj isÿfõ. fuh meyeos,s lrkak. (my; o;a; Tng imhd we;.)

-1
2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) ΔG = + 514.4 kJmol

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [yhjk msgqj n,kak'

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(b) yrs;d.dr wdprKh wod< jk jdhq lsysmhl jdhqf.da,h ;=< wdhQld,h yd f.da,Sh WKqiqu we;s lsrSug we;s
úNjh (GWP w.h) my; j.=fõ olajd we;. ´fidaka úhk ydhk úNjh (ODP) o olajd we;.
ldKavh jdhqj /jdKsc kduh jdhqf.da,h ;=< GWP w.h ODP w.h
wdhQld,h(wjqreÿ)

A CO2 50 -200 1
CH4 10 – 11 21
N2O 120 290
B laf,dfrdma,qjfrda ldnka
CFC – 11 60 3500 1.0
CFC - 12 130 7300 1.0
C yhsfv%dlaf,dfrdma,qjfrda
ldnka
HCFC – 22 15 1500 0.05
HCFC – 142 b 19 1600 0.06

D yhsfv%dma,qjfrda ldnka
HFC -125 40 3400 0.0
HFC – 134a 16 1200 0.0
HFC – 152 a 1.8 11 0.0

by; jdhq j¾.j, wKql iQ;% my; fldgqj ;=< olajd we;. ms<sfj,g fkdfõ.

CH3 – CHF2 , CH2F – CF3, CHClF2, CHF2 – CF3, CO2, N2O, CCl3F, CH3 – CCl2F2, CH4

i. by; jdhq j¾. w;=rska iajNdúl ls%hdj,ska fya;=fjka ckkh úh yels jdhq j¾. folla olajkak.
ii. w;S;fhaoS ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o YS;lrKj, Nú;d l< jdhqj by; A, B, C, D w;=rska ljr
ldKavhg wh;afõo@
iii. by; j.=fõ CFC f,i ixfla;j;a l< jdhqjlg jvd HCFC f,i ixfla;j;a l< jdhq j¾.j,
jdhqf.da,h ;=< wdhq ld,h wvqùug fya;=jla fokak.
iv. by; jdhq w;=rska iajNdúlj ckkh jk yrs;d.dr wdprKhg odhl jk jdhq folla olajkak.
v. by; j.=fõ fkdue;s tfy;a yrs;d.dr wdprKhg odhljk iajNdúl jdhqf.da,h ;=< wvx.= jk jdhq
j¾. folla kï lrkak.
vi. by; 1 j.=fõ i|yka laf,dfrdma,qjfrd ldnka f,i j¾. lr we;s jdhq i|yd WodyrK folla 2
j.=fjka f;dard ,shkak.
vii.by; 1 j.=fõ i|yka C ldKavfha jdhq i|yd WodyrK folla 2 j.=fjka f;dard ,shkak.
viii.YS;lrKj, Ndú;hg jvd;a iqÿiq jdhq folla by; 2 j.=fjka f;dard ,shkak.
ix. Tn (viii) ys ms<s;=rg ,shQ jdhq i|yd .e,fmk wKql iQ;%hla we;s jdhq j¾. folla (wod< ldKavhg
wh;a) ,shkak.

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [y;ajk msgqj n,kak'

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Battle Field 06 (10)

06.(a) my; ±lafjkafka l¨ meyehg yqre uqyqÿ fjr<la iys; m%foaYhl isÿlsÍug iqÿiq hehs isiqfjl= fhdackd lrk
ifudaOdksl l¾udka; l%shdj,shls.

A B C + D + A
úoHq;a úÉfþokh (1) P6
(2) B3
B1 + P
1 + B2 P4
P2 + B3
E øj jd;h O2 Δ
WIAK;ajh T2
P6
P3 B3 + P5
O2

O2 H2O
P7 P8 P9 P10
O2
fmdfydr
i. A, B, C, D, E øjHhka kï lrkak'
ii. P1 isg P10 olajd m%;sM, kï lrkak'
iii. B1 isg B3 olajd w;=reM, ,shkak'

(b) iqfmdaIKh iy wï, jeis c,c Ôùkag n,mEï we;s lrk mßir .eg¨ 02 ls'
i. iqfmdaIKh hkqfjka woyia jkafka l=ulao@
ii. iqfmdaIKhg n,mdk m%Odk whk iy tajd c,hg ,efnk wdldr olajkak'
iii. iqfmdaIKh ksid c,c Ôùkag we;sjk wys;lr n,mEï 2 la ,shkak'
3 3
iv. iqfmdaIKhg ,lajQ c,dYhlska m%;sldrl fnda;,hla mqrjd thg MnSO4 1 cm la iy laIdÍh KI ødjK 2cm
3
la tl;= lr fnda;,h fid,jd ,efnk wjlafIAmhg idkaø H2SO4 tl;= lr Èhlr thska ødjK 50cm la
-3 3
wkqudmk ma,dial=jlg f.k 0.01 moldm Na2S2O3 ødjKh iu`. wkqudmkh l<úg 29.00cm la jehúh"
c,fha ødú; O2 m%udKh ppm j,ska fidhkak'
v. wï, jeis u`.ska c,fha fjkiaùï j,g ,lajk c, mrdñ;s ;;a;aj 3 la ,shkak' tu`.ska c,c Ôùkag we;sjk
n,mEï 02 la ,shkak'

(c) rn¾ .fika ,nd.kakd laISrh u`.ska úúO øjH ksmojd .kS' fuu laISrh ál fõ,djla jd;fha§ leá fkd.eiS
mj;S'
i. rn¾ laISrh leá fkd.eiS mj;skafka l=ula ksido@
ii. leá .eiSu blauka lsÍug fhdok øjH iy tu leá .eiSug fya;= myokak'
iii. hï wjia:dj,§ rn¾ laISrh leá fkd.eiS mj;ajd .ekSug fhdok øjH iy tys§ isÿjk l%shdj myokak'
iv. iajNdúl rn¾j, mqkrdj¾;S tallh l=ulao@
v. rn¾j, m%;Hia: .=Kh jeä lsÍug fhdok øjH iy tu`.ska m%;Hia: .=Kh jeäjk whqre myokak'
vi. l=re÷ fmd;=" fld< iy uq,a u`.ska yqud, wdijkh fhdod.kakd i.kaO f;,a ksiaidrKh lrhs'
I. by; tla tla fldgfiys wvx.= jk i.kaO f;,aj, m%Odk ix>glfha kï fjk fjku ,shkak'
II. yqud, wdijkfha jdis 02 la ,shkak'
III. ixY=oaO øjhg jvd yqud, wdijkfha§ ñY%Kfha ;dmdxlh wvqfõ' myokak.

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [wgjk msgqj n,kak'

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Battle Field 07 (10)

07.(a) jdhqf.da,fha mj;sk ridhksl úfYAI lSmhla my; ,ehsia;=fõ mj;S'

by; ,ehsia;=fjka"
i. ñksia l%shdldrlï ksid jdhqf.da,hg tl;=jk jdhq j¾. 05 la f;darkak'
ii. tu jdhq jdhqf.da,hg tl;=jk ñksia l%shdldrlu ne`.ska ,shkak'
iii. I. f.da,Sh WKqiqug fya;=jk m%Odk ¥Il folla
II. m%ldY ridhksl Oqñldjg fya;=jk ¥Il folla
III. wï, jeisj,g fya;=jk ¥Il 02 la by; ,ehsia;=fjka y÷kd.kak'
iv. yß;d.dr fkdjk jdhq ;=kla y÷kdf.k tu jdhq yß;d.dr jdhq fkdùug fya;= folla ,shkak'
v. m%ldY ridhksl OQñldj ksid we;sjk M, folla y÷kdf.k bka tla M,hla iEfok wdldrh m%;sl%shd u`.ska
olajkak'
vi. f.da,Sh WKqiqu m%ldY ridhksl OQñldj yd wï, jeis u`.ska we;sjk wys;lr n,mEu fol ne`.ska ,shkak'
vii.j¾;udkfha úl,am isis,k jdhqjla f,i yhsfv%d*a¨jfrdT,s*Sk (HFO) ixfhda. Ndú; lrhs' fuh CFC
^laf,dafrd*a¨jfrdldnka& ixfhda.j,g jvd iqÿiq ùug fya;= folla fokak'

(b) i. ghsfÜkshï wvx.= Lksc je,s j¾. folla kï lr tajdfha ridhksl iQ;% ,shkak'
ii. Tn i|yka l< tla Lksc je,s j¾.hla u`.ska TiO2 ksIamdokh lsÍug wod< uQ,sl mshjr fol i|yka lr tu
m%;sl%shdj,g wod< ;=,s; iólrK ,shkak'
iii. by; l%shdj,sfha jdishla yd wjdishla ,shkak'
iv. Ti f,dayfha yd TiO2 ys .=K fol ne`.ska i|yka lr tu .=K ld¾ñl ksIamdokfha oS jeo.;a jk wdldrh
meyeos,s lrkak'

(c) i. iam¾Y l%ufhka i,a*shqßla wï,h ksIamdokh lsÍug wjYH wuqøjH fudkjdo@
ii. i,a*shqßla wï,h ksmoùug wod< mshjr ;=,s; iólrK Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka i|yka lrkak'
iii. ld¾ñlj i,a*shqßla wï,h ksmoùfï oS my; i|yka l%shdldrlï j,g fya;= meyeos,s lrkak'
a) SO2 yd O2 w;r mßud wkqmd;h 1 : 1 f,i mj;ajd .ekSu'
b) 450 0C g jvd by< WIAK;aj Ndú; fkdlsÍu'
c) jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkfha oS SO2TlaislrKh lsÍu'
d) SO2 idkaø i,a*shqßla wï,h ;=< wêfYdaIKh lsÍu'
iv. i,a*shqßla wï,h Ndú; lrk ld¾ñl ksIamdok ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [kjjk msgqj n,kak'

 -9-

Battle Field 08 (10)

10.(a) my; .e,Sï igyfka olajd we;af;a ifudaOdks; ld¾ñl ksIamdok l%shdj,shls' S2 Lkscje,s j¾.hls' fuys P2
M,h ;Ska; ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ wuqøjHhla f,i Ndú;d flf¾' P7 hkq fmdfydr úfYaIhls' fuys§ my;
ixfla; Ndú;d lr we;'

M P
S
wuqøjH ,nd.kakd m%Njh ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wjidk M,h

S1 S2 S3

O2
øjhls P2
M2
M1

w;=re M,h (A) S4

P1 w;=re M,h

M3 P3 jdhqj

Nd.sl
kema;d M4 S1
TlaislrKh

S5 Nd.l
s wijk
l%shdj,sh w;=re
>k M,h
øjHh
S6 M5

c,h M6 P5 P4
c,h

P3

P6
P7

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [oyjk msgqj n,kak'

 -10-

i. M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 yd M6 hk ld¾ñl l%shdj,s y÷kd.kak'

(iam¾Y l%uh" fida,fõ l%uh" laf,darhsâ l%uh" Tiaj,aâ l%uh" mg, fldaI l%uh" fyan¾ l%uh)
ii. S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 yd S6 hk iajNdúl wuqøjH m%Njhka kï lrkak'
iii. P1, P2, P3, P4, P5,P6 yd P7 M, kï lrkak'
iv. P1, P2, P3, P4, P5,yd P6 hk M,j, by; .e,Sï igyfka i|yka fkdjQ m%fhdackhla ne.ska i|yka lrkak'
v. M5 ld¾ñl l%shdj,sh ;=,§ isÿjk ish¨ ridhksl m%;sl%shd i|yd ;=,s; iólrKh ,shd olajkak'
vi. M3 ld¾ñl l%shdj,sfha M,odj by< kexùu i|yd l%shdj,sfha § WIaK;ajh yd mSvkh flfia mj;ajd.; hq;=
oehs úia;r lrkak'
vii.M3, M5, M6hk l%shdj,sj,§ Ndú;d jk W;afm%arl kï lrkak'
viii.A yd B f,i olajd we;s w;=reM, kï lrkak'

(b) fmdis, bkaOk laIh fjñka mj;sk mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk iajNdúl iïm;ls' f,dalfha n,Yla;sh ksmoùu
i|yd m%Odk b,a¨ula fmdis, bkaOk i|yd mj;S' ;;a;ajfhka nd, fmdis, bkaOk oykfha§ úYd, mßir
¥IKhla we;s fõ'
i. fmdis, bkaOk oykfhka mßirhg tl;= jk jdhq ¥Il myla i`oyka lrkak'
ii. by; jdhq ¥Il w;ßka wï, jeis flfrys odhl jk jdhq ¥Il folla kï lrkak'
iii. by; jdhq ¥Il w;ßka ´fidaka ia:rh laIh ùug fya;=jk ¥Il folla kï lrkak'
iv. by; jdhq ¥Il w;ßka m%ldY ridhksl OQñldjg fya;= jk jdhq ¥Il folla kï lrkak'
v. wï, jeis we;s ùu" Ydl m%cdj flfrys n,mdk wdldrh fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

(c) i. .Dyia: le,sli< f.dv .id we;s ia:dkhla wi, c, m%Njhla we;' fï ksid c,h ¥IKh ù we;s nj oek.;
yels ridhksl mrdñ;s y;rla olajd fuu mrdñ;s wï, jeis u.ska flfia fjkia jkafkaoehs olajkak'
_ _
3
ii. by; c, m%Njfha NO 3 whk iy PO4 whk idkaøKh by< nj fidhd .; yels úh' tA uÕska c,fha
.=Kd;aul nj msßfyk wdldrh fláfhka úia;r lrkak'
_
iii. NO 3 whk idkaøKh by< c,h mdkh lsÍfuka ñksidg we;s úh yels wys;lr m%;súmdl fudkjdo@

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -11-

Battle Field 09 (10)

09.(a) uqyqÿ c,h iajNdúl iïm;la f,i m%fhdackhg .; yels 1- l%shdj,sh;a bka ,efnk m%Odk M,h Ndú;d lr isÿ
lrk II- l%shdj,sh;a my; rEm igyfka oelafõ'

A − m%Odk
M,h

uqyqÿ
I − l%shdj,sh
c,h

w;=re
M,h

B C D

E − m%Odk
M,h

A
m%Odk II − l%shdj,sh
M,h

w;=re
M,h

F G

i. I - l%shdj,sh y÷kd.kak'
ii. I - l%shdj,sfha m%Odk mshjr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
iii. B,C yd D w;=reM, y÷kd.kak'
iv. A m%Odk M,h ñksia mßfNdackh i|yd fhdod .efka' fj<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍug fmr Bg ;j;a X - kï
øjHhla tl;= lrkq ,efí' tu.ska lsishï fmdaIK wjYH;djla imqrd,Su wfmalaId flf¾' fuu øjH
y÷kd.kak'
v. II - l%shdj,sh y÷kd.kak'
vi.E øjHh l=ulao@
vii.II - l%shdj,sh i|yd fhdod.efkk WmlrKhl fldgia kï l, rEmigykla w¢kak'
viii.F yd G Ndú;fhka ksIamdokh l< yels øjHhla kï lrkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -12-

(b) mdkSh c,fha .=Kd;aul nj kS¾Kh lrk ;;a;aj mrdñ;Ska f,i pH w.h yd c,fha ødú; Tlaiscka m%udKh
ie,lsh yel' mdkSh c,fha m%Yia; pH uÜgu 6.5 – 8.5 w;r fõ'
i. c,fha pH w.h wvq úh yels c,fha ødú; jdhquh ¥Il folla kï lrkak'
ii. tAjd c,hg tl;= jk wdldrh myokak'
3
iii.c,fha ødjH Tlaiscka m%udKh fidhk mÍlaIKhl§ c,h 250.0 cm l idïm,hlg laIdÍh KI yd
3 -3
MnSO4 tl;= lrk ,§' thska 50.00 cm la f.k c.H2SO4 tl;= lr miqj 0.01 mol dm Na2S2O3
3
ødjKkhla iu. wkqudmkh lr we;' wka; ,laIHfha § jeh jQ Na2S2O3 mßudj 8.40 cm la kï c,h
ødjH O2 ixhq;sh ppm j,ska olajkak'

Battle Field 10 (10)

10.(a) fida,afõ l%ufhka Na2CO3 ksIamdokh yd iïnkaO fõ'
i. fï i|yd n%hska ødjKhg wu;rj Na2CO3 ksIamdokfha § fhdod .kakd wfkla wuqøjH 2 i|yka lrkak'
ii. uqyqÿ c,hg n%hska ødjKh ,nd.kakd wdldrh fláfhka myokak'
iii. Na2CO3ksmoùfï fN!;sl ridhk uQ,O¾uh wod< m%;sl%shd weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

iv. Na2CO3ksmoùfï iuia; m%;sl%shdj i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrKh ,shkak'

v. fida,afõ l%ufha w;=re M,h kï lrkak'
vi. Na2CO3j, Ndú; folla kï lrkak'

(b) ia;r f.da,h ;=< ´fidaka ia:rh ksh; >klulska hqla; j mj;ajd .kshs' iajNdúlj ´fidaka ksmoùu yd úkdY
ùu isÿfõ'
i. ´fidaka wKq iajdNdúlj we;sjk wdldrh myokak'

ii. ´fidaka wKq iajNdúlj úkdY jk wdldrh myokak'

iii. úúO ñksia l%shdldrlï j,§ Ndú;d lrk CFC ixfhda. ´fidaka wKq úkdY lsÍu i|yd iDcqju odhl fõ'
(I) tla ldnka mrudKqjla iys; CFC ixfhda. 3 l jHqy w¢kak'

(II) CFC u.ska we;sjk laf,daÍka uqla; LKav u.ska W;afm%aß;j O3 wKq úkdY lrk wdldrh meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

(III) CFC ixfhda.j,g jvd HCFC ixfhda. j,ska O3 ia:rh úkdY lsÍug we;s odhl;ajh wvq fõ' fuu
lshuk fláfhka myokak'
iv. CFC yer ´fidaka ia:rh úkdY lsÍug odhl jk jdhquh ¥Ilhla kï lr th jdhqf.da,hg tl;= jk
wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
v. by; (iv) ys i|yka jdhqj mßirhg ksl=;a ùu je<elaùug fhdod.; yels Wml%u folla i|yka lrkak

(c) Y,Hl¾u i|yd Ndú;d lrk kQ,a úfYaI ksIamdokh lr we;af;a fmd,stiag¾ j,sks. ta i|yd Ndú;d jk
fmd,stiagrhl jHQyh fufiah.

—O—CH2COO—CH2COO—CH2COO—
i. fï fmd,stiagrh ksmoùu i|yd fhdod .kakd tAl wjhjhlfha fyda tAl wjhj j, jHqyh jHqy
,shkak'
ii. fuu nyq wjhúl wdl,k nyq wjhúlhla o@ ix.Kk nyq wjhúlhla o hkak fya;= olajñka i|yka
lrkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -13-

iii. fuu nyq wjhúlh YÍrh ;=< § ì£ hkafka flfiaoehs fhdackd lrkak'
iv. fndfydaúg we÷ï ksmoùu i|yd Ndú;d lrkafka fmd,stiag¾ iy lmq ixl,khls' ixY=oaO fmd,stiag¾
j,g jvd by; ixl,kfha we;s jdishla o ixY=oaO lmq j,g jvd by; ixl,kfha we;s tla jdishla o
i|yka lrkak'

Battle Field 11 (10)

11.( a) ii. ffcj ãi,a mqk¾ckkSh l< yels bkaOkhls' fuh fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
ii. ffcj ãi,a ksmoùug Ndú; lrk wuqøjH i|yka lrkak'
iii. 100] mqk¾ckkSh ffcj ãi,a ksmoùu i|yd by; wuqøjH ,nd.ekSfï § isÿl< hq;= fjkialï fudkjd o@
iv. id.r wdY%s;j ffcj ãi,a ksmoùu wÞ, l¾udka; mqrjrhl .e,Sï igykla my; ±la fõ'

R1 R2

2 1

R3
A1
M1 P1 P2

n%hska
Mg(OH)2
ødjKh
A1 hSiaÜ tl;=lr
meiùu

3 1. A1
P3
2. A3

M2 P4
4
M4

3
A2

CH3OH

M3

5 6
R4 M6

M5

A4

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -14-

w&' R1 , R2 iajNdúl wuqøjH iy Yl wdY%fhka ,nd.kakd R3 , R4 wuqøjH i|yka lrkak'

we&' by; l¾udka;j, § ,efnk P1, P2, P3 , P4 M, i|yka lrkak'
wE&' M1, M2, M3 , M4 , M5 , M6 m%Odk ksIamdok M, i|yka lrkak'
b&' A1, A2, A3 , A4 w;=re M, i|yka lrkak'
B&' 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 l%shdj,s kï lrkak'
W&' M1, M2, M3 , M4 m%Odk ksIamdok M,j, tla Ndú;hla ne.ska i|yka lrkak'
W!&' 5" 6 l%shdj,shg wÞ, m%;sl%shd ,shd olajkak'

(b) ii. jdhqf.da,Sh ixhq;sh fjkia lrk C, N, S wvx.= ¥Il wldnksl jdhQka tl ne.ska o jdhquh ldnksl
ixfhda. 2 la o i|yka lr tAjd jdhqf.da,hg iajNdúlj fyda ñksid úiska tl;= lrk tla l%uhla ne.ska
i|yka lrkak'
ii. by; Tn i|yka l< jdhQka jdhqf.da,h flfrys we;s lrk whym;a wdprK ^WÞ( wï, jeis& tl neÕska
i|yka lrkak'
iii. ld¾ñl úma,jfhka miq we;s jQ .eg¨ w;ßka mDÓúfha WIaK;ajh by< hdu m%N, .eg¨jls' ñksia úiska
ksIamdÈ; ye,ck wvx.= jdhquh ixfhda. fï i|yd jeämqr n,mdhs' tjeks ixfhda. wdldr 3 ls' tu
wdldr 3 i|yka lr tA i|yd tla WÞyrKh ne.ska ,nd fokak'
iv. by; ixfhda. f.da,Sh WIaK;ajhg jeämqr n,mEu i|yd fya;= 2 la bÈßm;a lrkak'
v. (iii) ys i|yka l< ixfhda. w;ßka we;eï ixfhda. f.da,Sh WKqiqu yer ;j;a mdßißl .eg¨jlg n,mdhs'
tu mdßißl .eg¨j i|yka lr by; i|yka l< tla ixfhda.hla uÕska th isÿjk wdldrh ;=,s;
ridhksl iólrK uÕska ,shd olajkak'
vi. by; (iii) ys jdhquh ixfhda. w;ßka (v) ys i|yka l< mdßißl .eg¨jg n,m fkdmdk ixfhda.h i|yka
lr thg fya;= olajkak'
vii.c, ¥IKh i|yd bjy,a jk wldnksl Tlafid wekdhk 2 la iy úI ner f,day 2 la i|yka lr tAjd
c,hg tl;=jk tla l%uhla o neÕska we;sjk wys;lr n,mEï tl neÕska i|yka lrkak'

Battle Field 12 (10)

12.(a) my; i|yka m%Yak i,a*shqßla wï,fhys .=K iy th ksmoùug fhdod .kakd iam¾Y l%uh
u; mokï' fõ
i. fuu l%shdj,sfha Ndú;d lrk wuqøjH i|yka lrkak'
ii. fuu l%shdj,sfha isÿjk m%;sl%shd i|yd wod< ;;a;aj ;,
= s; ridhksl iólrK ,shkak'
iii. i,a*shqßla wï,fha Ndú; folla ,shkak'
iv. idkaø i,a*shqßla wï,fha my; i|yka .=K meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq WodyrKh ne.ska
,hs kak'
I. Tlaisldrl .=Kh
II. úc,ldrl .=Kh
v. my; oelafjk m%;sl%shd i|yd ;, = ;
s ridhksl iólrK fokak'
I. S(s)+ id'H2SO4
II. Cu(s)+ id'H2SO4
III. KBr(s)+ id'H2SO4
vi. i,a*shqßla wï,fha wdï,sl m%n,;djh i,a*shqria wï,hg jvd jeäh' meyeÈ,s lrkak'

(b) ;kql H2 SO4 yd KIO3 wvx.= c,Sh ødjKhlska 25 .00 cm 3 g jeämqr KI tl;= lr msgjk I2
idkaøKh 0.075 moldm−3 jk Na2 S2 O3 ødjKhla iuÕ wkqudmkh lrk ,§' tA i|yd jeh
jqKq Na2 S2 O3 mßudj 20 .00 cm 3 úh' bka wk;=rej by; wkqudmk ma,dial=fõ we;s ødjKh
0.125 mol dm−3 NaOH ødjKhla iuÕ wkqudmkh lrk ,§' tA i|yd jehjqKq NaOH
mßudj 16 .00 cm 3 úh'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -15-

i. isÿjk ish¨u m%;sl%shd j,g wod, ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK ,shkak'

ii. wdrïNl ødjKfha KIO3 idkaøKh .Kkh lrkak'
iii. wdrïNl ødjKfha H2 SO4 idkaøKh .Kkh lrkak'

(c) › ,xldfõ ia:dmkh lsÍug wfml

a aIs; ifudO
a dksl ridhksl l¾udka; jHdmD;shla i|yd
ie,iqï lrk ,o jHdmD;s ie,eiaula my; oelafõ' tys j,ska >k" øj jdhq fyda
wjia:djl mj;sk iajNdúl wuqøjHh o j,ska jdhQka o j,ska úúO l%shdj,s
fyda úm¾hdi fyda w;rueos m%fNaoo m%Odk ksIamdok o fõ'

i. A,B,C,D iajNdúl wuqøjH kï lrkak'

ii. E,F,G,H,I,L,M ixfhda. y÷kd.kak'
iii. khsá%la wï,h ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha § Ndú;d lrk fN!;sl ridhksl uQ,O¾u 2 la
úia;r lrkak' tys § 96% muK mßj¾;khla i|yd fhd. a H ;;a;aj fudkjd o@
iv. P1 , P2, P3 m%Odk ksIamdok kï lrkak'
v. P2 ksIamdok l%shdj,f s ha§ wg¿j 1 yd wg¿j 2 l%shdj,s udrelr isÿ l<fyd;a úh yels
m%;sM,h l=ula oehs m%;sl%shd weif
q rka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
vi. P1 ksIAmdokfha oS Ndú;d lrk WIaK;ajh yd mSvkh i|yka lrkak'
vii. P4 ksIamdokfha § isÿjk úm¾hdi m%;sl%shd wkqms<sfj<ska meyeÈ,s lrkak'
viii.HNO3 , P2 , P3 m%Odk ksIamdok j, m%fhdackh ne.ska ,shkak'

A B C D

r;a lsÍu
Nd.sl
jdIamSlrKh wdijkh

E F G
H X

P1
L
wg¨j 1 B
Cl2
l=àrh 1
wg¨j 2 X
B
P3
l=àrh 2
M
l B

HNO3
P4
P2

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -16-

Battle Field 13 (10)

(
13.(a) P, Q, R, S iy T hk øjH j,ska wdrïN lr MgSO4 ksIAmdokh lsÍug wod,j 17 msgqfõoS we;s
.e,Sï igyk i,lkak' my; oS we;s Wmfoia wkqj tu .e,Sï igyk iïmQ¾K lr Tfí
ms<s;=re m;%hg wuqKkak' ta weiqfrka wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

i. P, Q, R iy T i|yd fhdod .kakd iajNdúlj ,nd .; yels wdrïNl øjHj, kï

;%sfldaK ;=< ,shkak'
ii. by; øjH u; isÿlrk l%shd A, B, C fldgq ;=< olajd we;' tu l%shdj,Skays oS iy bka bosßhg
iEfok M, $ w;=re M,j, ridhksl iQ;% jD;a; ;=< ,shkak'
iii. wod< m%;sl%shd i|yd wjYH jk m%;sldrl $ m%;sl%sh ;;a;aj fyda isÿ lrk ls%hdjka X, Y , Z
fldgq ;=< ,shkak'
iv. X yd Y ys oS isÿjk m%;sl%shd i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK ,shkak'
v. B yd D fldgq ;=< isÿjk úoHq;a úÉfÊok j,oS fhdod .kk a d wefkdav iy lef;dav øjH
i|yka lrkak' ^úIh ks¾foaYhg wod<j&
vi. M1 iy M2 jD;a; ;=< we;s øjHj, m%fhdack fol ne.ska ,shkak'

(b) my; olajd we;s ixfhda. tlla fyda jeä .Kkla Ndú; lr ksmojk km
s ofjk nyqwjhúl
muKla i,ld wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

*Sfkda,a" jhskhs,a laf,darhsâ" fgg%d*af,dafrdt;Ska" f*daue,aäyhsâ" whSfidmS%ka

i. wêl WIAK;ajhlg Tfrd;a;= fok ;dm iQúld¾h wdl,k nyq wjhjlfha talwjhjlh"
mqkrdj¾;k tallh iy nyqwjhjlfha jHqyh w|skak'
ii. m%;Hia; .=Kfhka hqla; iajNdúl nyqwjhjlfha talwjhjlh iy mqkrdj¾;k tallfha
jHqyh w|skak'
iii. oDv núka by< ;dm ia:dmk ix.Kk nyqwjhjlhla iE§ug .kakd tAl wjhjhl fol
y÷kd f.k tAjdfha jHqy w¢kak'

(c) i. jdhqf.da,fha we;s wdï,sl jdhq Èhùfuka c,h wdï,sl fõ'

(I) fuu wdï,sl;dj r|d mj;sk lreKq folla i|yka lrkak'
(II) wï, jeis j,g fy; a = jk jdhq folla ,shkak'
(III) fvd,ñ;sl mdIdK wï, jeiafiys Èh ùu mdßißl .eg¨ we;s lrhs' tys§ isÿjk
m%;sl%shd iólrK weiqßka ,shd olajkak' tu l%shdj,sh fya;=fjka we;sjk whym;a
n,mEï folla ,shkak'
ii. ie,lsh h; q = ;rï jdyk ixLHdjla .uka .kakd k.r j, ny, q j oel.; yels m%ldY
ridhksl OQñldj mdßißl .eg¨jls'
(I) m%ldY - ridhksl Oqñldjg odhl jk m%fNao fudkjdo@
(II) fïjd u.ska m%ldY-ridhksl OQñldj we;s jkafka flfia o@
(III) fuu l%shdj,sh w;r;=r§ OH uqla; LKavl idohs' fuys Ôj ld,h ;;amrhlg jvd wvq
jkafka ukaoehs myokak'
iii. ñys;,fha WKi q qï ùu yereKq úg fjk;a f.d, a Sh mdßißl .eg¨jla i|yka lr tys wksgq
M, folla ,shkak'
iv. khsg%ckSh fmdfydr wêl f,i Ndú;d lsÍu uÕska mßirh ¥IKh fõ' lreKq folla
i,lñka fuh myokak'
v. ld¾ñl wmjdy j, wvx.= ¥Il wju lr.ekSu ioyd Tng .;yels mQ¾fjdm
a dhka ;=kla
i|yka lrkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -17-

Q R S T
P

A B C
jd;fhys oeùu úoHq;a úÉfþokh ;dm lsÍu

M1

X c,h tl;=
lsÍu

D M2
Z 1' ú,Sk lsÍu
2' úoHq;a
úÉfþokh

MgSO4

fuu .e,Sï igyk iïmQ¾K lr Tfí ms<s;=re m;%hg wuqKkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -18-

Battle Field 14 (10)

14.(a) Na2CO3 iy HNO3 ksIamdokh iy tys w;=reM, mokï lr.;a .e,Sï igykla my; oelafõ'
th fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
i. S yd T hk iajNdúl wuqøjH y÷kdf.k tAjdfha iQ;% ,shd olajkak'
ii. P isg Q ysÈ isÿjk l%h
s dj,s i|yd wjYH ;;a;aj fudkjd o@
iii. A isg I olajd jk ridhkl
s ixfhda. y÷kd.kak'
iv. R ys È isÿjk m%;sl%shd i|yd ;,
= ;
s ridhksl iólrK ,shkak'

X(s)
A(g)
NaCI(aq)

n%hska ødjKh yd ,efnk ødjKh E

E(s) ;dm úfhdackh
A ñY% lsÍu B iu. ñY% lsÍu
I ødjKh

G(s)

A(g) B(g)

R H(s)

P
A yd S
tlsfkl m%;sl%shd C(g)
lsÍu

S(g)
T(s)
;dm úfhdackh F(s)
o
150 C g wvq
WIaK;ajh

H2O(g)

Q
tlsfkl
D(g) m%;sl%shd lsÍu

Y(aq)

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -19-

(b) úh<s we,a.S Ndú;fhka ,nd.kakd g%hs.a,sirhsvhla Ndú;fhka ffcj ãi,a iEÈh yel' tu g%hs.a,sirhsvfha
jHqy i;
Q %h my; oelafõ'

C 17 H35 CO2 CH2

|
C17 H35 CO2 CH tys id'w'ia' M = 890 g mol −1
|
C17 H35 CO2CH2

tA u.ska ffcj ãi,a iE§ug my; l%uh fhdod .kS'

C17 H35 CO2 CH2
|
1 mshjr C17 H35 CO2 CH → .a,sifrd,
a a +3 C 17 H35 COOH
|
C17 H35 CO 2 CH2

2 mshjr C17 H35 COOH → C17 H35 CO2 CH3 (id'w'ia' M= 298 g mol −1 )

i. fuys ffcj ãi,a hkqfjka y÷kajkafka l=ula o@

ii. by; i|yka mh s jr 1 i|yd iqÿiq m%;sldrlh l=ula o@
iii. mshjr 2 i|yd iÿqiq m%;l
s drlh iy m%;sl%shd ;;j
a h l=ula o@
iv. by; we,a.Sj, 50% la ialkaOh wkqj g%hs.a,sirhsâ we;s nj Wml,amkh lr úh,s we,a.S 1000 kg
u.ska km
s oúh yels ffcj ãi,a il a kO a h .Kkh lrkk a '
v. n,Yla;s W;amdokh lsÍu i|yd fmdis, bkaOk nyq,j Ndú;d lrhs' ffcj äi,a ksmoùu ñ,
wêl l%uhla jqj o th jeä ÈhqKq lÍ s u iy th Ndú;hg yqreùu jeo.;a jkq we;'
Bg fya;= folla ,shkak'

(c) my; i|yka m%Yak mokï ù we;af;a C iy úúO mdßißl .eg¿j,g fya;= jk ldnka wvx.= ixfhd.
a u; fõ'

i. jdhqf.da,hg CO tl;= jk iajNdúl l%shdj,shla iy lD;su l%shdj,shla i|yka lrkak'

ii. CO jdhqf.da,fhka bj;a lrk ffcùh l%h s dj,shla i|yka lrkak'
iii.CO úfudapkh wju lsÍug .; yels mshjr folla i|yka lrkak'
iv. CO2 yß;d.dr wdprKhg odhl jkafka flfiaoehs fláfhka olajkak'
v. jdhqf.da,fha CO2 m%;sY;h m%Yia; uÜgu blaujd .sh úg we;s jk mdßißl .eg¨jla i|yka lrkak'
vi. by; (v) i|yka lr mdßißl w¾nqoh ksid we;sjk wys;lr úmdl folla ,shkak'
vii.CO2 wdï,sl jdhqjls' kuq;a jeis c,fha CO2 ødjKh jj q o th wï, jeiaila f,i fkdie,lSug
fya;=j i|yka lrkak'
viii. ;ks C mrudKqjla iys; ish¨u laf,dfrd*af,dfrdayhf s v%dldnka (CFC ′ s) yd ish¿u
yhsfv%dlaf,dafrd*af,dafrda yhsfv%dldnk (HFCF ′ s) i|yka lrkak'
ix. by; (viii) ys Tn i|yka l< tla CFC la ´fidak úhk ydkshg odhl jk wkaou myokak'
x. I. rn¾ ksIamdokh lrk l¾udka; Yd,djla u.ska ksoyia jk wm c,fha wvx.= jk c,ødjH
ldnksl ixfhda. fudkjd o@
II. by; l%shdj,s uÕska c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh uksk pH w.h' ,jK;djh" wdÑ,;djh
iy COD w.h wvq fõ o@ jeäfõ o@ hkk a myokak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -20-

Battle Field 15 (10)

15' (a) i.kaO f;,a hkq Ydlj,ska ksiaidrKh lr .kakd ixlS¾K" jdIamYS,S ixfhda. fõ' fuys§ Ndú; jk m%Odk
Ydlhla jkafka l=re÷ h' l=re÷ f;,a ksiaidrKfha § Ndú; jk wegjqula my; ±la fõ'

wdrlAIs; ngh
X

D
E

A B
Y

nkaika odyl C

i. l=re÷ f;,a j, wvx.= m%Odk ix>gl ;=kla kï lrkak'

ii. by; wegjqfuka ±lafjk i.kaO f;,a ksiaidrKh lr.kakd l%uh kï lrkak'
iii. by; l%uh yereKq úg i.kaO f;,a ksiaidrKhg fhdÞ.; yels fjk;a l%u 2 la kï lrkak'
iv. by; (iii) ys i|yka l%u j,g jvd (ii) ys i|yka l%ufha jdis 2 la ,shkak'
v. fuys A, B, C ødjK yd D yd E WmlrK y÷kd.kak' ^fuys E WmlrKfha X yd Y ia:dkj,ska c,h
we;=¿ jk yd msgjk ia:dk meyeÈ,sj u kï lrkak'&
vi. fuys § i.kaO f;,a ksiaidrKh lr.kq ,nkafka my< WIaK;ajhl § h' th wdxYsl mSvk kshuh
weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
vii.fuys D yd E WmlrKj, jeo.;alï i|yka lrkak'
viii.i.kaO f;,a j, m%fhdack 2 la ,shkak'

(b) c,dYhl mj;sk øú; Tlaiscka uÜgu (DO) tu c,dYh yd wxYsl mßir moaO;sfha meje;au flfrys ±ä
n,mEula we;s lrhs'
i. —c,fha øú; Tlaiscka uÜgu˜ hkak w¾: olajkak'
ii. úoHd.drfha § c,dYj,ska ,nd.;a c, idïm,j, øú; Tlaiscka uÜgu ks¾Kh lsÍu i|yd Ndú; jk
miq wkqudmk l%uh y÷kajk ku l=ula o@
iii. by; (ii) ys i|yka l%uh wdY%s; ish¨ u m%;sl%shd i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK ,shkak'
iv. c,fha øú; Tlaiscka uÜgu wvqùfï wys;lr n,mEï 2 la ,shkak'

(c) nyq wjhjl uÕska ma,diaála NdKav ;ekSfï § fndfyda wdl,k øjH tl;= lrhs' (additives)
i. fufia wd,lk øjH tl;= lsÍug fya;= 4 la olajkak'
ii. Tn okakd tlsfklg fjkia ma,diaála wd,lk øjH 3 la i|yka lr tA tl tll .=Kdx. yd n,mEï 1
ne.ska ,shkak'
(d) c, ¥IKh i|yd nerf,dayj, n,mEula we;'
i. ner f,dayhla ks¾Kh lsÍug wÞ< ks¾jpk 2 la fokak'
ii. Tn okakd ner f,day 2 la ,shd tAjd c,h tl;=jk m%Njh yd tAjdfha n,mEu ne.ska ,shkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -21-

Battle Field 16 (10)

16.(a)

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -22-

Battle Field 17 (10)

17.(a) uqyqÿ c,h we;=`M iajdNdúl wuQøjH fhdod.ksñka ksIamdok lsysmhla l< yels wdldrh my; .e,Sï igyfkys
olajd we;. fuys frdïnij,ska ( ) wdrïNl wuQøjH o, iDcqfldaKdi%j,ska ( ) w;rueos M, o, ;s%fldaKj,ska
( ) wjidk M, o ksrEmKh fõ.

lrosh

1
l%%shdj,sh

A
úoaHq;a 1
úÉfcaokh C
wg`Mj
L
B E J
2
fmfg%%da,shï l%%shdj,sh B
2
3 wg`Mj
M l%%shdj,sh D
H K ∆
∆
N G I Na2CO3
H2O
úrxck
l=vq

i. by; cd, igyfkys A isg N olajd bx.S%is wlaIrj,ska ksrEms; øjH kï lrkak' (wod< wlaIrh ,shd ta
bosßfhka øjHfha ku fyda ridhksl iQ;%h ,shkak'
ii. by; cd,fhys i`oyka 1, 2, 3 hk ls%hdj,s y`ÿkajkak.
iii.1 - wg`Mj iy 2 - wg`Mj ;=< oS isÿjk ls%hdj,s i`oyd iólrK ,shkak'
iv. by; l%uh u`.ska fidaähï ldnfkaÜ ksmoùug wod< iuia; m%;sls%hdj i`oyd ;=,s; iólrKh ,shkak'
v. wod< ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha oS 1 - wg`Mj iy 2 - wg`Mj isis,a l< hq;= h' óg fya;=j l=ula o?
vi. úrxck l=vq ksmoùfï wjidk m%;sls%hdjg wod< ;=,s; iólrKh ,shkak'

(b) khsÜrcka jdhqj jdhqf.da,fha mßudj wkqj 78% l muK m%;sY;hlska wvx.= jk w;r fndfyda ÿrg WÉp
jdhqjlg wdikak .=K fmkajhs. tfy;a khsÜrcka ys iuyr ixfhda. mßirh flfrys wys;lr wdprK oelaùug
fnfyúka odhl fõ'
i. khsÜrcka jdhqj WÉp jdhqjlg iudk j yeisÍug fya;=j meyeos,s lrkak'
ii. mßir ÿIKhg odhl jk khsÜrckays jdhquh ixfhda. folla i`oyka lrkak'
iii. by; Tn i`oyka l< ix>gl mßirhg uqod yefrk ls%hdj,s ;=kla i`oyka lrkak'
iv. by; (ii) ys i`oyka l< ixfhda. u`.ska we;s flfrk wys;lr mdßißl wdprK y;rla i`oyka lrkak'
v. by; Tn i`oyka l< wdprK w;ßka folla flfrys jdhqf.da,Sh khsÜrcka odhl jk wdldrh m%;sls%hd
weiqfrka meyeos,s lrkak'
vi. by; (ii) ys oS Tn io`yka l< ¥Il mßirhg tl;= ùu md,kh l< yels l%u folla i`oyka lrkak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -23-

Battle Field 18 (10)

18.(a) fid,afõ l%ufhka fidaähï ldnfkaÜ ksIamdokh lsÍfï ls%hdj,sh mdi,a úoHd.drfha wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i`oyd
ilia lrk ,o wegjqula rEmfha oelafõ'

hál=re j ;enQ ma,diaála

fnda;,h
^wäh lmd bj;a l<&

A C jdhqj
l=vd isÿre úosk ,o
fnda;,a uQäh
lg m<,a úYd, fnda;,h (G)

B
whsia YS; c,h

i. fuys A yd B f,i Ndú;hg .; yels øjH folla kï lrkak.

ii. D f,i kï lr we;s ødjKh iEoSu i`oyd, c,h yereKq úg, úoHd.drfha oS Ndú;hg .; yels øjH fol kï
lrkak'
iii. C jdhqj ksmojd .ekSu i`oyd, yqkq.,a wuqøjHhla f,i fhdod .ksñka fid,afõ l%ufha oS Ndú; jk l%uh,
rEmfha olajd we;s l%ufhka fjkia jkafka flfia o?
iv. F ixfhda.h kï lrkak'
v. G fnda;,h ;=< isÿ jk m%;sls%hd io`yd ;=,s; iólrK ,shkak'
vi. my; oelafjk tl tlla, ls%hdj,sfha ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä lsÍug fya;= jkafka flfia oehs meyeos,s lrkak'
I. D ødjKh isyska isÿre ;=<ska jeiaiSug ie,eiaùu
II. D ødjKh yd C jdhqj m%;sm%jdy f,i .uka lrùu
III. G fnda;,h ;=< we;s ødjKh isis,a lsÍu
vii.F >kfhka wjika M,h ,nd .ekSug wod< ;=,s; iólrKh ,shkak.
viii.fidaähï ldnfkaÜj, Ndú; folla i`oyka lrkak'
ix. fid,afõ l%ufha wdrïNl m%;sls%hl yd wjika M, my; oelafjk iuia; m%;sls%hdfjka m%ldY flf¾.
CaCO3 + 2 NaCl → Na2CO3 + CaCl2
fï iólrKhg wkqj fid,afõ l%ufha mrudKql wd¾Ólh (atom economy) .Kkh lrkak'
ls%hdj,shl " mrudKql wd¾Ólh" my; oelafjk iólrKfhka w¾: oelafõ.
m%fhdackj;a M,fha ialkaOh
mrudKql wd¾Ólh = X 100
m%;sls%hlj, uq`M ialkaOh
(C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23, Cl = 35.5, Ca = 40)
x. ridhksl l¾udka;j, oS mrdñ;shla (parameter) f,i " mrudKql wd¾Ólfha " we;s jeo.;alu l=ula o?
xi. fida,afõ l%ufha oS mßirhg ksl=;a úh yels >kuh ¥Ilhla, jdhquh ÿIlhla yd øjHuh fkdjk ÿIlhla
i`oyka lrkak' ta tl tllska we;s úh yels wys;lr mdßißl n,mEula fokak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -24-

(b) mDÓúfhys ;sridr meje;au i`oyd mßirfha ;=,H;dj mj;ajd .ekSug jdhqf.da,fha m%Yia; ixhq;sh jeo.;a
fõ'
i. jdhqf.da,fha úh<s jd;fha wvx.= m%Odk ix>gl 4 kï lr, tajdfha mßudj wkqj m%;sY;h o< jYfhka i`oyka
lrkak'
ii. jdhqf.da,fha úh<s jd;fha ixhq;sh fjkia lrk wldnksl jdhquh øjH kï lr, tu øjH tl tlla
jdhqf.da,hg tl;= jk tla wdldrhla ne.ska i`oyka lrkak.
iii. (ii)ys Tn i`oyka l< wldnksl jdhquh øjH u`.ska we;s jk mdßißl .eg`M kï lrkak.
iv. lsß.re`v f.dvke`.s,s iy f,dayuh jHqyj,g ydks meñKùug by; (iii) ys i`oyka tla mdßißl .eg`Mjla
fya;=ldrl jkafka l=uk wdldrhg o hkak meyeos,s lrkak'
v. (iv)ys i`oyka ydks ùï u`.ska mßir ;=,H;dj flfrys we;s jk n,mEï folla i`oyka lrkak'
vi. my; oS we;s tla tla ridhksl l¾udka;fha oS jdhqf.da,hg ksoyia úh yels, mdßißl .eg¨j,g ;=vq fok
tla jdhquh øjHhla ne.ska i`oyka lr, tu`.ska mßirfha ;=,H;djg isÿ jk n,mEu wju lr .ekSug
wkq.ukh l< yels ridhksl ls%hdud¾.hla ne.ska fláfhka meyeos,s lrkak'
I. iam¾Y l%ufhka i,a*shqßla wï,h ksIamdokh lsÍu.
II. Tiaj,aâ l%ufhka khsÜßla wï,h ksIamdokh lsÍu.

Battle Field 19 (10)

19.(a) iajdNdúl m%Nj j,ska f,day ksiaidrKh lsÍu i`oyd l%uhla f;dard .ekSfï oS fkdfhl=;a idOl ie,ls,a,g .;
hq;=h. fuysoS ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= idOl 4 la i`oyka lrkak.

(b) Odrd W!Iaulhla ;=< oS whka (III) Tlaihsâ TlaisyrKfhka hlv ksmoúh yels h. tys oS ldnka iy ldnka
fudfkdlaihsâ hk folu Tlaisydrl f,i ls%hd lrhs.
i. Odrd W!Iaulh ;=< WIaK;ajh by< w.hl mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ jk m%;sls%hdjg wod< ;=,s; iólrKh
,shkak.
ii. Odrd W!Iaulh ;=<oS ldnka fudfkdlaihsâ jHqy W;amdokh ùug wod< m%;sls%hdjla i`oyd ;=,s; iólrKhla
,shkak.
iii. CO úiska isÿ lrk TlaisyrK m%;sls%hd i`oyd ;=,s; iólrK ,shkak.
iv. Odrd W!Iaulh ;=< oS ldnka, whka (II) Tlaihsâ iu`. m%;sls%hd jkjdg jvd iS>%fhka CO, whka (II) Tlaihsâ
iu`. m%;sls%hd jkafka ukaoehs myokak.
Odrd W!Iaulfhka ,nd .kakd hlv, wuq hlv f,i y`ÿkajk w;r tys ldnka 4% la muK wvx.= fõ.
v. ldnka m%;sY;h jeäùu ksid hlv j,g ,efnk .=K 2 la i`oyka lrkak.
vi. jdfka ksmoùfï oS wuq hlv j,g wvx.= ldnka m%;sY;h wvq lrhs. ta i`oyd fhdod .kakd l%u 2 la i`oyka
lrkak. tys oS ldnka bj;ajk wkaou ;=,s; iólrK u`.ska olajkak.
vii.wmøjH f,i bj;a l< yels mrK hlv o Odrd W!Iaulhg wuqøjH f,i fhosh yelsh. fuys we;s hym;a
m%;sM, 2 la i`oyka lrkak.

(c) by< jdhqf.da,fha oS khsg%cka vfhdlaihsâ (NO2) jdhquh laf,daÍka mrudKq iu`. m%;sls%hd lr khsá%la Tlaihsâ
yd laf,daÍka khsfÜ%Ü (ClONO2) idohs. fuh ir,j fufia oelaúh yels h.
2 NO2(g) + Cl-(g) ⇌ NO(g) + ClONO2(g)
m%Odk jYfhka iaMálrEmS khsá%la wï,fhka iukaú; jQ j<dl=`M iEoSu i`o yd wekagd¾ála m%foaYfha by<
jdhqf.da,fha NO2 jdhqj jeh fõ.
i. YS; iD;=fõ oS wekagd¾ála m%foaYfha oS by< jdhqf.da,fha jQ jdhq laf,daÍka mrudKq idkaøKhg l=ula
isÿjkafka oehs myokak.

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -25-

ii. jika; iD;=j <`.dj;au wekagd¾ála m%foaYfha by< jdhqf.da,fha jQ ´fidaka ia;rh oreKq f,i isÿre jk nj
fidhd f.k we;.
iii.jika; iD;=j <`.dj;au ´fidaka ia;rh isÿre ùug n,mdk lreKq ljf¾o? Tfí ms<s;=r ;=,s; iólrK
u`.ska myokak.
iv. ´fidaka ia;rh isÿre ùu ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= ;rï jeo.;a jkafka ukao?

(d) my< jdhqf.da,fha oS m%ldY ridhksl óÿu iEoSu i`oyd NO2 jdhqj odhl fõ.
i. my< jdhqf.da,fha oS NO2 jdhqj iEosh yels m%Odk wdldr 2 la i`oyka lrkak.
•
ii. m%ldY ridhksl óÿu iEoSfï wdrïNh jkafka NO yd •OH hk uqla;LKavl iEoSu;a O3 jdhqj iEoSu;a h.
fuu øjH iEfok wkaou ;=<ska iólrK u`.ska olajkak.
iii. m%ldY ridhksl óÿu
(α) ñksidg (β) YdL j,g n,mdk wkaou i`oyka lrkak.

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -26-

Battle Field 20 (10)

20.(a) Na2CO3 iy HNO3 ksIamdokh iy tys w;=reM, mokï lr.;a .e,Sï igykla my; oelafõ' th fyd¢ka
wOHhkh lr wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
i. S yd T hk iajNdúl wuqøjH y÷kdf.k tAjdfha iQ;% ,shd olajkak'
ii. P isg Q ysÈ isÿjk l%shdj,s i|yd wjYH ;;a;aj fudkjd o@
iii. A isg I olajd jk ridhksl ixfhda. y÷kd.kak'
iv. R ys È isÿjk m%;sl%shd i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK ,shkak'

X(s)
A(g)
NaCI(aq)

n%hska ødjKh yd ,efnk ødjKh E

E(s) ;dm úfhdackh
A ñY% lsÍu B iu. ñY% lsÍu
I ødjKh

G(s)

A(g) B(s)

R H(s)
P
A iy S
tlsfkl m%;sl%shd lsÍu C(g)

S(g)
T(s)
;dm úfhdackh F (s)
150 0 C g wvq
WIak;ajh

H2O(g)

Q
tlsfkl
D(g) m%;sl%shd lsÍu

Y(aq)

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -27-

(b) úh<s we,a.S Ndú;fhka ,nd.kakd g%hs.a,sirhsvhla Ndú;fhka ffcj ãi,a iEÈh yel' tu g%hs.a,sirhsvfha
jHqy iQ;%h my; oelafõ'
C17H35CO2CH2
|
-1
C17H35CO2CH tys id'w'ia' M = 890 g mol
|
C17H35CO2CH2

tA u.ska ffcj ãi,a iE§ug my; l%uh fhdod .kS'

C17H35CO2CH2
|
1 mshjr C17H35CO2CH → .a,sifrda,a +3 C17H35COOH
|
C17H35CO2CH2

-1
2 mshjr C17H35COOH → C17H35CO2CH3(id'w'ia' M = 298 g mol )

i. fuys ffcj ãi,a hkqfjka y÷kajkafka l=ula o@

ii. by; i|yka mshjr 1 i|yd iqÿiq m%;sldrlh l=ula o@
iii. mshjr 2 i|yd iqÿiq m%;sldrlh iy m%;sl%shd ;;ajh l=ula o@
iv. by; we,a.Sj, 50% la ialkaOh wkqj g%hs.a,sirhsâ we;s nj Wml,amkh lr úh,s we,a.S 1000 kg u.ska
ksmoúh yels ffcj ãi,a ialkaOh .Kkh lrkak'
v. n,Yla;s W;amdokh lsÍu i|yd fmdis, bkaOk nyq,j Ndú;d lrhs' ffcj äi,a ksmoùu ñ, wêl l%uhla
jqj o th jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu iy th Ndú;hg yqreùu jeo.;a jkq we;' Bg fya;= folla ,shkak'

(c) my; i|yka m%Yak mokï ù we;af;a C iy úúO mdßißl .eg¿j,g fya;= jk ldnka wvx.= ixfhda. u;
fõ'
i. jdhqf.da,hg CO2 tl;= jk iajNdúl l%shdj,shla iy lD;su l%shdj,shla i|yka lrkak'
ii. CO2 jdhqf.da,fhka bj;a lrk ffcùh l%shdj,shla i|yka lrkak'
iii. CO2 úfudapkh wju lsÍug .; yels mshjr folla i|yka lrkak'
iv. CO2 yß;d.dr wdprKhg odhl jkafka flfiaoehs fláfhka olajkak'
v. jdhqf.da,fha CO2 m%;sY;h uÜgu blaujd .sh úg we;s jk mdßißl .eg¨jla i|yka lrkak'
vi. by; (v) i|yka lr mdßißl w¾nqoh ksid we;sjk wys;lr úmdl folla ,shkak'
vii.CO2 wdï,sl jdhqjls' kuq;a jeis c,fha CO2 ødjKh jqj o th wï, jeiaila f,i fkdie,lSug fya;=j
i|yka lrkak' (HFCF's)
viii. ;ks C mrudKq j la iys ; is h ¨u la f ,dfrd*a f ,dfrda y hs f v% d ldnka (CFC's) yd is h ¿u
yhsfv%dlaf,dafrd*af,dafrda yhsfv%dldnk (HFCF's) i|yka lrkak'
ix. by; (viii) ys Tn i|yka l< tla CFC la ´fidaka úhk ydkshg odhl jk wkaou myokak'
x. I. rn¾ ksIamdokh lrk l¾udka; Yd,djla u.ska ksoyia jk wm c,fha wvx.= jk c,ødjH ldnksl
ixfhda. fudkjd o@
II. by; l%shdj,s uÕska c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh uksk pH w.h' ,jK;djh" wdÑ,;djh iy COD w.h wvq
fõ o@ jeäfõ o@ hkak myokak'

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.

 -28-

Chemistry - Ujith Anjana Hemachandra [tfldf<diajk msgqj n,kak.