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4.PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

Single Correct Answer Type

1. If n is a positive integer, then n3 +2 n is divisible by

a) 2 b) 6

c) 15 d) 3

2. The greatest positive integer, which divides ( n+2 )( n+3 )( n+ 4 )( n+ 5 ) (n+6) for all n ∈ N , is

a) 4 b) 120

c) 240 d) 24

3. If a 1=1 and a n=n a n−1 for all positive integer n ≥ 2 , then a 5 is equal to

a) 125 b) 120

c) 100 d) 24

4. If x 2 n−1+ y2 n−1 is divisible by x + y , if n is

a) A positive integer b) An even positive integer

c) An odd positive integer d) None of the above

5. Matrix A is such that A2=2 A−I where I is the identity matrix, then for n ≥ 2 , A n is equal to

a) n A−( n−1 ) I b) n A−I

c) n−1 d)
2 A−( n−1 ) I 2
n−1
A−I
6. Let P ( n ) :n2 +n+1 is an even integer. If P(k) is assumed true ⇒ P(k +1) is true. Therefore, P(n) is true

a) For n>1 b) For all n ∈ N

c) For n> 2 d) None of these

7. (2¿¿ 3 n−1)¿ will be divisible by (∀ n ∈ N )

a) 25 b) 8

c) 7 d) 3

8. If P ( n )=2+ 4+ 6+...+2 n , n∈ N ,then P ( k )=k ( k +1 ) +2 ⇒ P ( k +1 )=( k +1 )( k +2 ) +2 for all k ∈ N . So, we can

conclude that P ( n )=n ( n+1 ) +2 for
a) All n ∈ N b) n>1

c) n> 2 d) Nothing can be said

9. 10n +3 ( 4n +2 ) +5 is divisible by (n ∈ N )

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a) 7 b) 5

c) 9 d) 17

10. The remainder when 599 is divided by 13, is

a) 6 b) 8

c) 9 d) 10

11. For each, n ∈ N , 102 n−1 +1 is divisible by

a) 11 b) 13

c) 9 d) None of these

12.
If A=
[ 11 01 ]∧I =[ 10 01 ] , then which one of the following holds for all n ≥ 1, by the principle of

mathematical induction?
a) n n−1
( ) b) n
A =2 A+ n−1 I A =nA+ ( n−1 ) I
c) n n−1 d) n
A =2 A−( n−1 ) I A =nA−( n−1 ) I
13. If P(n) is a statement such that P(3) is true. Assuming P(k) is true ⇒ P( k +1) is true for all k ≥ 3 , then
P(n) is true
a) For all n b) For n ≥ 3

c) For n> 4 d) None of these

14. If m , n are any two odd positive integer with n< m, then the largest positive integers which divides all the
numbers of the type m 2−n 2 is
a) 4 b) 6

c) 8 d) 9

15. For all n ∈ N , 2 ∙ 42 n +1+3 3 n+1 is divisible by

a) 2 b) 9

c) 3 d) 11

16. For each n ∈ N , 32 n−1 is divisible by

a) 8 b) 16

c) 32 d) None of these

17. If P(n) is a statement (n ∈ N ) such that, if P(k) is true, P(k +1) is true for k ∈ N , then p(n) is true

a) For all n b) For all n>1

c) For all n> 2 d) Nothing can be said

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18. The product of three consecutive natural numbers is divisible by

a) 5 b) 7

c) 6 d) 4

19. If P ( n ) :2+4 +6 …+ ( 2 n ) , n ∈ N , then

P ( k )=k ( k +1 ) +2 implies
P ( k )= ( k +1 ) ( k +2 ) +2
is true for all k ∈ N . So, statement P ( n )=n ( n+1 ) +2 is true for
a) n ≥ 1 b) n ≥ 2

c) n ≥ 3 d) None of these

20. x ( xn −1−n α n−1 ) + α n (n−1) is divisible by ( x−α )2 for

a) n>1 b) n> 2

c) All n ∈ N d) None of these

21. If ( n ) :1+3+5+...+ (2 n−1 )=n 2 is

a) True for all n ∈ N b) True for n>1

c) True for no n d) None of these

22. The number a n−b n ¿ are distinct rational numbers and n ∈ N ) is always divisible by

a) a−b b) a+ b

c) 2 a−b d) a−2 b

23. For n ∈ N , 10n−2 ≥ 81n is

a) n>5 b) n ≥ 5

c) n<5 d) n> 8

24. Let P(n) denotes the statement that n2 +n is odd. It is seen that P ( n ) ⇒ P ( n+1 ) , P(n) is true for all

a) n>1 b) n

c) n> 2 d) None of these

25.
( )
n
n+1
The smallest positive integer n for which n !< holds, is
2
a) 1 b) 2

c) 3 d) 4

26. For all positive integral values of n , 32 n−2 n+1 is divisible by

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a) 2 b) 4

c) 8 d) 12

27. Let S ( k ) =1+ 3+5….+ ( 2 k −1 )=3+ k 2. Then, which of the following is true?

a) S(1) is correct b) S(k) ⟹ S (k + 1)

c) S(k)⇏ S(k +1) d) Principle of mathematical induction can be used to

prove the formula
28. 10n +3 ( 4n +2 ) +5 is divisible by (n ∈ N )

a) 7 b) 5

c) 9 d) 17

29. 1 1 1 1
For a positive integer n , Let a ( n )=1+ + + +...+ n . Then
2 3 4 ( 2 )−1
a) a (100)≤ 100 b) a ( 100 )>100

c) a (200)≤ 100 d) None of these

30. The inequality n !> 2n−1 is true for

a) n> 2 b) n ∈ N

c) n>3 d) None of these

31. Using mathematical induction, then numbers a n ' s are defined by

a 0=1, a n+1=3 n 2+n+ an ,(n ≥ 0) Then, a n is equal to
a) 3 2 b) 3 2
n +n +1 n −n +1
c) 3 2 d) 3 2
n −n n +n
32. If P ( n ) :3n <n ! , n ∈ N , then P(n) is true

a) For n ≥ 6 b) For n ≥ 7

c) For n ≥ 3 d) For all n

33. For natural number n , 2n ( n−1 ) !< nn, if

a) n< 2 b) n> 2

c) n ≥ 2 d) never

34. 23 n−7 n−1 is divisible by

a) 64 b) 36

c) 49 d) 25

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35. If n ∈ N , then 11n +2 +122 n+1 is divisible by

a) 113 b) 123

c) 133 d) None of these

36. 23 n−7 n−1 is divisible by

a) 64 b) 36

c) 49 d) 25

37. If n is a positive integer, then 52 n+ 2−24 n−25 isdivisible by

a) 574 b) 575

c) 675 d) 576

38.
If A= [−sin
cos θ
θ
sin θ
cos θ ]
, then for n ∈ N , An is equal to

[ ] [−sin n θ ]
n n
a) cos θ sin θ b) cos n θ sin n θ
−sinn θ cosn θ cos n θ
c)
[−nn cossinθθ n sin θ
n cos θ ] d) None of the above

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4.PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

: ANSWER KEY :

1) d 2) b 3) b 4) a 21) a 22) a 23) b 24) d

5) a 6) d 7) c 8) d 25) b 26) a 27) b 28) c
9) c 10) b 11) a 12) d 29) a 30) a 31) b 32) b
13) b 14) c 15) d 16) a 33) b 34) c 35) c 36) c
17) d 18) c 19) d 20) c 37) d 38) b

Use only for question paper preparation, worksheet preparation…

 4.PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

1 (d) ¿ 7 ¿…+ n C n 7 n−1 ¿

Let P ( n )=n3 +2 n ∴ 23 n−1 is divisible by 7
⟹ P (1 )=1+2=3
⟹ P (2 )=8+ 4=12 8 (d)
It is obvious, nothing can be said.
⟹ P (3 )=27+ 6=33
Here, we see that all these number are divisible by 9 (c)
3 On putting n=2 in 10n +3 ( 4n +2 ) +5, we get
2 4
3 (b) 10 +3 × 4 + 5=100+768+ 5=873
Given, a n=n a n−1 Which is divisible by 9
For n=2
10 (b)
a 2=2 a1=2 ¿given) 2 49
5 =5 ( 5 ) =5 ( 25 )
99 49

a 3=3 a2=3 ( 2 ) =6 49
¿ 5 ( 26−1 )
a 4=4 ( a 3 )=4 ( 6 ) =24
¿ 5 ×26 × ( Positive term )−5
a 5=5 ( a 4 )=5 ( 24 )=120
So, when it is divided by 13, it gives the remainder
−5 or 8.
4 (a)
Let P ( n ) ≡ x 2 n−1+ y2 n−1= λ( x + y ) 11 (a)
P ( 1 ) ≡ x+ y=λ1 (x + y ) Let P ( n )=10 2 n−1 +1
3 3
P ( 2 ) ≡ x + y =λ2 ( x + y ) P ( 1 )=10+1=11
Hence, for ∀ n ∈ N , P(n) is true. Let P ( k ) ≡102 k−1 +1=11 I is true
Now, P ( k +1 )=10 2 k+1 +1
5 (a)
¿ ( 11 I −1 ) 100+1
As we have A2=2 A−I
2 2 ¿ 1100 I −99=11 I 1
⟹ A A=( 2 A−I ) A=2 A −IA
3 So, P(k +1) is true.
⟹ A =2 ( 2 A−I )−IA =3 A−2 I
Similarly, A 4=4 A−3 I 12 (d)

[ 11 01 ][ 11 01]=[12 01]
5
A =5 A− AI A=
2

An =nA−( n−1 ) I

6 (d)
A=
[ 12 01][ 11 01 ]=[31 01]
3

Given, P ( n ) :n2 +n+1

At n=1 , P ( 1 ) : 3 , which is not an even integer.
A=
[ 11 01]
n
can be verified by induction. Now,

∴ P (1) is not true (Principle of Induction is not taking option

applicable).
Also, n ( n+1 ) +1 is always an odd integer.
(b ) 1
n[ 01 ]=[ nn 0n ]+[ n−10 n−10 ]
7 (c)
3n
2 −1=¿
⟹
1
n[ 01] ≠ [ 2 n−1
1 2 n−1 ]
0

( d ) nA−( n−1 ) I =[ n 0 ]−[ n−1

n−1 ]
n 0
¿ 8 −1=¿ n n 1
n n 2 n n
¿ 1+ C1 7+ C2 7 +¿…+ C n 7 −1

Page|7
 ¿
[1n 01] ¿ A n Let P(k) is true.
ie , x ( x k−1−k α k−1 ) +α k ( k−1 ) =( x−α ) g(x )
2

13 (b) Now, P ( k +1 ) ≡ x [ x k −( k +1 ) α k ] + α k +1 (k )
2 k−1
Since, P(3) is true. ≡ ( x−α ) [ x g ( x ) +k α ] (True)
Assume P(k) is true ⇒ P( k +1) is true means, if So, holds for all n ∈ N .
P(3) is true ⇒ P(4) is true ⇒ P(5) is true and so
21 (a)
on. So, statement is true for all n ≥ 3.
Given, ( n ) :1+3+5+...+ (2 n−1 )=n 2
14 (c) P ( 1 ) :1=1(true)
Let m=2 k +1 , n=2 k−1(k ∈ N ) Let P ( k )=1+ 3+5+...+ ( 2 k−1 )=k 2
∴ m2−n2=4 k 2 +1+ 4 k −4 k 2+ 4 k−1=8 k ∴ P ( k +1 )=1+3+5+...+ (2 k −1 ) +2 k +1
Hence, All the numbers of the form m 2−n 2 are 2
¿ k +2 k +1=( k +1 )
2

always divisible by 8. So, it holds for all n .

15 (d) 22 (a)
Let P ( n )=2 ∙ 4 2 n+1 +33 n+1 Let P ( n ) ≡a n−b n
P ( 1 ) ≡ 128+81=209 (divisible by 11 only) P ( 1 ) ≡ a−b
2 2
16 (a) P ( 2 ) ≡ a −b
Let P ( n )=3 2 n−1 Hence, it is divisible by a−b .

At n=1 , P ( 1 )=8 which is divisible by 8. 23 (b)

∴ P ( 1 ) is true. Let P ( n ) :10n−2 ≥ 81 n
Let P(k) is true, then For n=4 ,10 2 ≱ 81× 4
2k
P ( k ) ≡3 −1=8 I For n=5 ,10 3 ≥ 81 ×5
∴ P ( k +1 ) ≡ 32 k+2−1=( 8 I +1 ) 9−I Hence, by mathematical induction for n ≥ 5, the
¿ 72 I +8=8 I 1 proposition is true.
∴ P (n) is divisible by 8, ∀ n ∈ N .
24 (d)
2
17 (d) P ( n )=n + n
Unless we prove P(1) is true, nothing can be said. It is always odd but square of any odd number is
always odd and also sum of two odd number is
18 (c) always even. So, for no any n for which this
Let P ( n ) ≡n ( n+1 ) (n+2) statement is true.
P ( 1 ) ≡ 1∙ 2 ∙3=6
25 (b)
P ( 2 ) ≡ 2∙ 3 ∙ 4=24
( )
n
Hence, it is divisible by 6.
n+1
Given, n !<
2
19 (d) At n=1,
Here, P ( 1 )=2 and from the equation 1!≮ 1
P ( k )=k ( k +1 ) +2 At n=2 ,

()
2
⟹ P (1 )=4 3
2 !<
So, P(1) is not true 2
Hence, mathematical induction is not applicable. ⇒ 2<2.25 which is true.

20 (c) 26 (a)
Let On putting n=2 in 32 n−2 n+1, we get
P ( n )=x ( x n−1−n α n−1 ) +α n ( n−1 )=( x−α ) g (x)
2 2 ×2
3 −2× 2+1=81−4+ 1=78
P ( 1 ) ≡ 0 is true. Which is divisible by 2

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27 (b) Given that, P ( n ) :3n <n !
2
S ( k ) =1+ 3+5….+ ( 2 k −1 )=3+ k Now, P ( 7 ) :37 <7 ! is true
Put k =1 in both sides, we get Let P ( k ) :3k <k !
LHS ¿ 1 and RHS¿ 3+1=4 k +1 k
⇒ P ( k +1 ) :3 =3 ∙3 <3 ∙ k ! < ( k +1 ) !( ∵ k +1> 3)
⟹ LHS ≠ RHS
Put (k + 1) in both sides in the place of k , we get 33 (b)
LHS=1+3+ 5….+ ( 2 k −1 ) + ( 2 k +1 ) The condition 2n ( n−1 ) !< nn is satisfied for n> 2
RHS=3+¿
Let LHS=RHS 34 (c)
Then,1+3+5 ….+ ( 2 k −1 ) + ( 2 k +1 ) Let P ( n )=23 n −7 n−1
2
¿ 3+k + 2k + 1 ∴ P ( 1 ) =0
⟹ 1+3+5+¿ …+ ( 2 k −1 )=3+ k 2 P ( 2 )=49
If S(k) is true, then S(k +1) is also true. P(1) and P(2) are divisible by 49.
Hence, S(k) ⟹ S (k + 1) Let P ( k ) ≡23 k −7 k−1=49 I
∴ P ( k +1 ) ≡ 23 k+3−7 k−8
28 (c)
¿ 8 ( 49 I +7 k +1 ) −7 k−8
For n=1 ,10 n+3 ∙ 4 n+2 +5
3
¿ 49 ( 8 I ) +49 k =49 I 1
¿ 10+3 ∙ 4 +5=207 which is divisible by 9.
Hence, by mathematical induction 23 n−7 n−1 is
∴ By induction, the result is divisible by 9.
divisible by 49.
29 (a)
35 (c)
It can be proved with the help of mathematical
On putting n=1 in 11n +2 +122 n+1, we get
n
induction that < a(n)≤ n. 11
1 +2
+ 12
2× 1+1 3
=11 +12 =3059
3
2
200 Which is divisible by 133
∴ <a ( 200 ) ⇒ a ( 200 ) >100
2 36 (c)
and a (100)≤ 100
Let P ( n )=23 n −7 n−1
30 (a) ∴ P ( 1 ) =0 , P ( 2 ) =49
Let P ( n ) ≡n !> 2n−1 P(1) and P(2) are divisible by 49.
P ( 3 ) ≡6> 4 Let P ( k ) ≡23 k −7 k−1=49 I
Let P ( k ) ≡k !> 2k−1 is true. ∴ P ( k +1 ) ≡ 23 k+3−7 k−8
∴ P ( k +1 )=( k + 1 ) !=( k ' +1 ) k ! ¿ 8 ( 49 I +7 k +1 ) −7 k−8
¿ ( k +1 ) 2
k−1 ¿ 49 ( 8 I ) +49 k =49 I 1
k
(as k +1>2) Alternate
¿2
P ( n )=¿
31 (b) n ( n−1 )
2 ¿ 1+7 n+7 2 +…−7 n−1
Given, a 0=1 , an+ 1=3 n +n+a n 2!
⟹ a1=3 ( 0 ) +0+a 0=1
⟹ a2=3¿
¿ 72 (
n ( n−1 )
2!
+… )
From option (b),
37 (d)
Let P ( n )=n3−n2 +1
Let P ( n )=5 2 n+2−24 n−25
∴ P ( 0 )=0−0+1=1=a0
3 2
For n=1
P ( 1 )=1 −1 +1=1=a1
P ( 1 )=54 −24−25=576
3 2
¿ P ( 2 )=(2) −(2) + 1=5=a2 6
P ( 2 )=5 −24 ( 2 )−25=15552
32 (b) ¿ 576 ×27

Page|9
 Here, we see that P(n) is divisible by 576
[ ]
2 2
cos θ−sin θ 2 sinθ cos θ
¿
−2 sin θ cos θ cos 2 θ−sin2 θ
38 (b)

Given, A= [ cos θ sin θ

−sin θ cos θ ] ¿
[−sin
cos 2θ
2θ
sin 2θ
cos 2 θ ]
Now,
2
A=
[−sin
cos θ
θ cos θ ] [−sin θ
sin θ cos θ sin θ
cos θ ]
n
∴ By induction, A =
cos n θ
[−sin n θ sin n θ
cos n θ ]

P a g e | 10